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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 592
Tytuł:
Russia’s Hybrid War with Ukraine: Determinants, Instruments, Accomplishments and Challenges
Autorzy:
Hajduk, Jurij
Stępniewski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/557991.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Russia–Ukraine hybrid war
Ukraine crisis
Russia–Ukraine
information war
Ukraine
Russia
Opis:
The objective of the present paper is to define the determinants and instruments associated with the information (hybrid) war between Russia and Ukraine. The paper focuses on measures taken by Russia, between 2013 and 2015, in relation to Ukraine. The paper does not aspire to discuss the issue comprehensively, but constitutes an attempt at outlining the problem, indicating determinants and characteristics of the information war (information war as an element of hybrid warfare). The consolidated Russian information space is subordinated to the interests of authorities and draws heavily from the tools characteristic for propaganda, frequently relying upon the Soviet model. In addition, this is done with the view of re-establishing the “Russian World” (Русский мир), which would be wholly subject to Russia’s political interests. Moreover, Russian propaganda goes hand in hand with military actions – a conventional conflict in South-Eastern Ukraine.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2016, 2; 37-52
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Deterrence, resilience, and engagement: Tokyo’s response to the Ukraine war and Russia-China alignment
Autorzy:
Nagy, Stephen
Nguyen, Hanh
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343773.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12-29
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych
Tematy:
The Ukraine invasion
Japan
Russia
China
Russia-China alignment
Opis:
Russia’s unprovoked attack against Ukraine entails significant implications to Japan’s security and its surrounding environment. How is Japan responding to Russia’s use of force? What are the drivers of its responses? This case study examines official speeches by Japanese leaders and government senior officials, government announcements, opinion polls, and analyses by Japan experts to understand Tokyo’s perceptions and responses to Moscow’s military attack against Kiev. Seen from Tokyo, the invasion of Ukraine is not only an attack against the rules-based international order but also a manifestation of Japan’s security concerns regarding China’s growing military capabilities and closer Russia-China alignment, especially the potential use of military force to change the Indo-Pacific region’s power balance. This article also finds that Tokyo’s response to Russia-China alignment and the Ukraine invasion continues to be wedded to an approach is characterized by a mixture of engagement, resilience, and deterrence, aiming at both Russia and the growing Russia-China alignment.
Źródło:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations; 2022, 58; 180-198
0209-0961
Pojawia się w:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russia’s war with Ukraine and Russia’s revisionism on the international stage
Autorzy:
STĘPNIEWSKI, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2142383.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-08
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
Russia-Ukraine war
Russia’s revisionism
Ukraine
Russia
Ukraine’s security
Central Europe’s security
Opis:
Russia’s armed conflict with Ukraine, ongoing since 2014, has created conditions for Russia to revise the balance of power in Eastern Europe, and even the international order established after the Cold War. The aim of this article is firstly to show Ukraine, in a highly synthetic way, as a state at a crossroads but simultaneously a key state in terms of Russia’s interests in the post-Soviet area, then the motives for Russia’s redrawing the post-Cold War international order, taking into account the location and role of Ukraine. The article merely indicates the problem of research, and does not claim the right to comprehensively cover the issue in question.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2022, 11; 329-336
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Almanac “woman and Russia” and the Soviet Feminist Movement at the End of the 1970s
Autorzy:
Milewska-Pindor, Nadina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/648388.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Almanac “Women and Russia,” feminist movement in Soviet Russia
Opis:
This article presents a short history of the origin and creation of the Almanac “Women and Russia,” which began as a samizdat underground publication devoted to the problem of women and childrearing in the USSR. The idea for creating such an Almanac originated in the mid 1970s in the Leningrad circle of ‘unofficial culture’, at the initiative of the artist Tatyana Mamonova, religious philosopher Tatyana Goricheva, and the women author Natasha Malachovska. The women writers featured in the first edition of the Almanac addressed not only questions about the social conditions prevailing in the USSR, but above all exposed the consequences for women living and functioning in a patriarchal social order, and ironically one where all the questions concerning ‘women’s rights’ were deemed to have been resolved in a progressive fashion much earlier. Not only is the substance of the Almanac important, but the circumstances surrounding its publication and the subsequent consequences related to its publishing also reveal the state of the ‘women’s movement’ in the USSR of that time. These include the reactions of the representatives of the dissident culture, the interventions of the security apparatus and the attendant repression of the women activists and its effect on their lives, and the support of feminist organizations from abroad. Each of the afore-mentioned reactions and consequences became an element of and shaped the everyday lives of the activists involved in the creation of the Almanac. The events related in this work confirm the opinion of those researchers who consider that the publication of the Almanac marked the beginning of the resurrection of the feminist movement in Russia.
Źródło:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; 2013, 15; 5-20
1641-4233
2300-8695
Pojawia się w:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Agriculture and its role in the economy of Russia
Rolnictwo i jego znaczenie w gospodarce Rosji
Autorzy:
Trunova, S.
Chcialowski, M.
Stolarczyk, P.
Trebska, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/867005.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
The Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists
Tematy:
agriculture
economy
Russia
Opis:
The importance of agriculture in the Russian economy is relatively small, which is a characteristic feature of developed economies (about 4% of GDP). However, agriculture represents a significant share in the structure of the employed – 9.2%. The use of agriculture as self-sufficiency food has become essential after the embargo imposed on imported products. Russia as a country has a large area of land. The surface of used agricultural land after a fall in the nineties has stabilised at a level of 800 thous. km2. At the same time intensified agricultural production has resulted in increased performance and larger crops. Due to the progression of technology there is an opportunity for the development of agriculture in Russia.
Znaczenie rolnictwa w rosyjskiej gospodarce jest relatywnie niewielkie, co jest cechą charakterystyczną dla rozwiniętych gospodarek (około 4% PKB). Stanowi jednak istotny udział w strukturze zatrudnionych – 9,2%. Wykorzystanie rolnictwa jako czynnika samowystarczalności żywnościowej stało się istotne w momencie wprowadzenia embarga na produkty importowane. Rosja dysponuje ogromnym areałem gruntów. Powierzchnia wykorzystywanych gruntów rolnych, po spadkach w latach 90. XX wieku, ustabilizowała się na poziomie 800 tys. km2. Jednocześnie zintensyfikowana produkcja rolna zaskutkowała zwiększeniem wydajności oraz większymi zbiorami. Duży potencjał gruntów, jak również postępujący rozwój technologiczny są szansą dla rozwoju rolnictwa w Rosji.
Źródło:
Roczniki Naukowe Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu; 2017, 19, 1
1508-3535
2450-7296
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Naukowe Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Misperceptions about the conflict in Chechnya: The influence of Orientalism
Autorzy:
Shafee, Fareed
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/526966.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Collegium Civitas
Tematy:
Russia
Chechnya
conflict
Opis:
This paper examines the misperceptions about the Russian-Chechen conflicts, trends of which can be observed in the Western media and academia. The first section investigates issues related to Islamic fundamentalism in Chechnya, while the second section looks into discussion about the roots of the conflict. The third section is devoted to the issue of brutality - the most debated topic in the Western media. I argue that an overarching misperception about the Chechen conflict was caused not only by Russian propaganda, but also by the inherent attitude prevailing in the West. This attitude should be understood in the framework of Orientalism as was explained by Edward Said.
Źródło:
Securitologia; 2015, 2 (22); 27-42
1898-4509
Pojawia się w:
Securitologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Implications of Russia’s 2014 Military Doctrine for the Baltic States’ Military Security to 2020
Autorzy:
Guselnikov, Sergei
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/534439.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu w Dąbrowie Górniczej
Tematy:
The Baltics’ Security
Russian Doctrinal Threats
Resurgent Russia
Deterrence of Russia
Opis:
In its 2014 military doctrine, Russia defines the world as an unstable environment that is not able to provide sufficient security to Russia. In these terms, Russia looks to its large military force that would be able to protect the Russian vital sphere of interests, which supposedly also includes Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Thus, Russia strives to re-establish the control in its vital sphere of interests and the 2014 doctrine reveals the intent of it. However, the steady development of military capabilities, strong political will to defend the sovereignty along with the principle of collective defence has made the Baltic States strong enough to withstand security challenges caused by its Eastern neighbour, The Russian Federation. As a result, although the confrontation of interests in the Baltic region remains persistent, the probability of Russian direct military aggression against the Baltic States will stay low up to 2020.
Źródło:
Security Forum; 2017, 1, Volume 1 No. 1/2017; 99-107
2544-1809
Pojawia się w:
Security Forum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
China-Russia Bilateral Security and Military Partnership in Changing World Order: Security Challenges for the United States of America in Asia and Beyond
Autorzy:
Bharti, Mukesh Shankar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2146969.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-05-14
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
China
Russia
US containment policy
China-Russia Cooperation
Indo-Pacific
geopolitics
Opis:
The objective of this research is to assess the defence partnership of Russia and China after the Cold War period. This study analyses the military cooperation and strategic relation of Russia and China in the post-Cold War period. Further, the article highlights the main contradicting areas between the United States of America (USA) and the Russia-China alliance in international politics. It also elucidates the Russia-China relationship across the diplomatic paradigm and economic aspects in the global economic system. China’s flagship economic New Silk Road Initiative is a challenging concept for the US on land and maritime across the world. Thus, the study uses the research question: how do China and Russia compete with the US challenges in the new world order? The qualitative comparative method is used to investigate answers to the research questions and objectives of this study. This article attempts to use an analytical framework to describe the countries’ vision for joint development in the area of security issues. Russia and China have deep military cooperation and commit to working together against the US domination in the Asia Pacific and other parts of the world. In a conclusion it is stated that Russia and China have been accelerating bilateral military cooperation in a positive direction, which is a success story between both countries, and the US is facing stiff competition in Asia as well as in the Asia Pacific Region (APR).
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2022, 40 (47)
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Conflict as a Strategic Imperative in Putin’s Political Agenda: A Fundamental Component of Russia’s Strategic Framework
Autorzy:
Stępniewski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/53418304.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Ukraine
Russia
Putin’s Russia
Central Europe
Security
EU Eastern Neighbourhood
Opis:
This paper delves into the nuanced motivations underpinning Russia’s 2014 invasion of Ukraine, centered on preserving stability for Putin’s regime. Examining the intricate interplay between domestic and foreign concerns, the invasion emerged as a pivotal strategy to bolster domestic support and reinforce Russian leadership. Post-2012, Putin, in consolidating power through internal policies and external assertiveness, responded to catalysts – opposition protests in 2012 and Ukraine’s “Revolution of Dignity” in 2014. State-controlled media played a crucial role in shaping narratives, framing the invasion as a defense against alleged Western “imperialist” threats. The paper scrutinises Putin’s strategic evolution, highlighting the convergence of historical events, opposition dynamics, and media narratives in shaping the rationale behind Russia’s impactful incursion into Ukraine.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2023, 27, 4; 57-69
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russia–Ukraine War: Remembrance, Identity and Legacies of the Imperial Past
Autorzy:
Stępniewski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/419614.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Russia-Ukraine war
remembrance
Ukraine’s identity
Russia’s imperial past
Opis:
The paper analyses the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian confl ict from the point of view of the struggle for remembrance and identity between two post-Soviet states. Will the war of the brotherly nations wreck Russia’s long-term policy towards Ukraine? Will the confl ict ruin Russia’s plans of post-Soviet space reintegration whose pivot is set on Ukraine? Will the war stimulate Ukraine to deal with the issue of its identity, post-Soviet legacy and collective memory? Ukrainian crisis is also a challenge for the transformation of Ukraine’s political system. The relations between Ukraine and Russia are extremely complex as they are built on a shared history, religion, language and culture and they should not be gauged with Western standards. Evaluating the current situation from a broader perspective, the fact that Ukraine plays a signifi cant role in Russia’s foreign policy needs to be emphasised. Ukraine is considered as the key post-Soviet state, a significant ‘near abroad’ country whose position, potential and geopolitical location are vital for the balance of power in both Eastern Europe and Europe in general.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Polish European Studies; 2017, 20; 169-178
1428-1503
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Polish European Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
U.S. Grand Strategy Towards Russia 2001-2017
Autorzy:
Hirss, Martins
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576447.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-17
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
Russia
USA
grand strategy
Opis:
U.S. foreign policy towards Russia is of the utmost importance for the national security of the countries on the NATO eastern flank. Grand strategies are among the analytical concepts for classification and analysis of U.S. actions in the international arena. This paper uses grand strategy classification framework to classify and analyse U.S. strategy towards Russia from 2001 to 2017. 36 speeches about Russia by U.S. Presidents George Bush and Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden from 2001 to 2017 were used in content analysis. U.S. grand strategy classification framework was used as the tool for coding and classifying different foreign policy elements within these speeches to identify different approaches towards Russia. The content analysis allowed to identify nine stages in U.S. policy towards Russia from 2001 to 2017. The most significant shift during this period was in 2014 when after Russia’s aggression in Ukraine U.S. strategy towards Russia shifted from liberal internationalism towards primacy. Ideas of liberal internationalist and increasingly primacist grand strategies do influence U.S. foreign policy towards Russia. The grand strategy classification framework offers a valuable tool for analyzing, classifying and identifying different foreign policy stages in U.S foreign policy towards Russia.
Źródło:
Security and Defence Quarterly; 2019, 26, 4; 98-121
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:
Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sino-Russian Partnership in the Face of Changing Balance of Power and Internal Barriers
Autorzy:
Paszak, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/519325.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
China
Russia
partnership
rivalry
Opis:
The aim of this article is to describe and critically assess the main contentious issues in Sino-Russian relations and to explain how they affect the development of this relationship. First of all, the article examines the attitudes of China and Russia towards their relationship in the context of the changing distribution of power and increasing competition in Central Asia. Secondly, the influence of the collectively understood West on the dynamics of the Sino-Russian partnership is analyzed, with particular emphasis on the role of the United States. These applications are supplemented with an assessment of regional perception of relations in the Asia-Pacific region and a study of trade between two parties. The author does not limit himself to one methodological approach, drawing from the Balance of Threat Theory, the concept of security dilemma and analyzing political discourse and structure of bilateral trade. The results of the analysis indicate the existence of relatively permanent and significant barriers, suggesting that the Sino-Russian relations will not reach a higher level of intensity than is the case at present. The current form of cooperation enables both parties to pursue common interests without risking an assertive reaction from the United States. Only sudden and far-reaching changes, harmful to both countries, have a chance to bring about a convergence of China’s and Russia’s interests sufficient to create a fully operational alliance.
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2019, 30 (37); 89-106
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russia and Secularization: A Conceptualization of the Field of Research
Autorzy:
Matuszewska, Joanna Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/969923.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
Tematy:
secularization
russia
reformation
modernity
Opis:
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the article is to investigate the problem of success/failure of the complex process of secularization in Russia in the context of historical developments, especially the Reformation(s), and to propose a new conceptualization of the field of research. Within the scope of investigation, secularization is understood as the process of incessant production of knowledge that leads to progressive differentiation and distinction of various aspects of society on the level of macrostructures. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: There is a need to assess anew the linkage between the Reformation(s) as a prolonged process of questioning of all cultural formations (epistemes) and the particular historical settings in which they manifested themselves. According to model advanced by Bruno Latour, it can be said that Reformation(s) redefined the procedure of attaining knowledge by breaking the logic of procession and instituting the logic of network. Secularization became one of the key modules of reconstituting the knowledge/power relation within different epistemes. Russia has often been perceived as immutable and culturally mute entity “unto itself,” untouched by modernity, separate from the dominant Western episteme. This article presents a cognitivist perspective, based on the model of a double helix. It assumes the legitimacy of different narrations of modernity, which may differ in terms of practices of translation, but are still the active actors of the dynamic process of modern continuity and change, as exemplified by trajectories of Reformation(s). THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: First, the article defines the scope of investigation of secularization as the production of knowledge. Then it assesses where and how the “secular parable,” whose agent was Reformation(s), performed on large discursive fields of modernity – including its problematic relationship with the theory of modernization. Subsequently, the model of a double helix is presented as a heuristic tool for understanding the way by which the translation of Russia within the framework of modernity has taken place. Alternative models, like Enlightenment, Euroasianism (Gumilev, Dugin) are discussed within the context of the notion of altermodernity, as formulated by Nicolas Bourriaud. Then, the article assesses, in what way secularization in Russia, understood as a “cultural program” (S.N. Eisenstadt) had formed, over centuries, a heterogeneous text, responding to various temporalities. RESEARCH RESULTS: The result is a proposal of a new conceptualization of the field of research as an interdisciplinary reading of mutuality of relations between Russia and secularization as a continuous translation of the structures of thought and knowledge of modernity in the contextual, historically grounded praxis of power/knowledge dynamics. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Taking a cue from Polanyi’s “personal knowledge,” the research has aimed at depicting a new cognitive perspective that seriously takes into consideration the interdisciplinarity of knowledge. Research on secularization and research on Russia tend to form two different spheres of scholarly activities, often weighted down by stereotypes. The stereotype about secularization is that it refers mainly to decreasing the religious aspect of social life, which development is associated with the emergence of modernity. As for Russia, the stereotype is that it does not participate in modernity at all. The article proposes a more productive way of relating Russia and secularization as a process of translating dispositifs of modernity in a contextual manner, that takes into consideration political dispositions, cultural traits, institutional practices and discontinuities of social development.    
Źródło:
Horyzonty Polityki; 2016, 7, 21; 55-95
2082-5897
Pojawia się w:
Horyzonty Polityki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Place of NATO in Russian Security Policy in The 21st Century – Overview of The Matter
Autorzy:
Lisiakiewicz, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2003760.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
NATO
Polska
Russia
security
Opis:
In 2006 Dimitry Trenin stated that Russia left the West and began to work on creation of her own sphere on influence. The area of Russian activity in particular was the post-Soviet zone where Moscow wanted to rebuild their dominant position. Sergey Karaganow added: “Moscow has realized that she neither wants to nor she can afford to integrate with the West on the conditions proposed by the West – the type of integration without the right of veto”38. Alexander Dugin, an Euro-Asian ideologist claimed: “We proved that we did not give a damn about NATO and we were not afraid of it. We have the nuclear weapon and we are ready to use it. Russia crossed the line from which she can not withdraw anymore. This is a course for the revival of Russian sovereignty and the position of regional power – in practice, not just in words”39. The above quotations reflect the Russian attitude to the NATO and show the role of this organization for Russia. Undoubtedly, the Alliance is perceived by Russia as a threat and a rival. The reasons of such perception are primarily the Alliance’s claims to play the role of a “guardian” of global peace, attempts to interfere in the area recognized by Russia as her sphere of influence, strengthening the position of NATO in Eastern Europe and project of development new defence technologies such as missile defence. Since the 90s Russia consistently has been trying to undermine the importance of NATO and to put it into the frame of international structures of security governance. In 2010 minister Sergey Lavrov argued that NATO is a relic of a bygone era and should be subjugated to the principles of the UN Security Council.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2017, 22; 76-87
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sacralisation and Purification of the Nation in the Polish and Russian Nationalist Thought?
Autorzy:
Bäcker, Roman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2028125.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
National Identity
Russia
Polska
Opis:
Both in the Polish and Russian language the term ‘nation’ is understood in a slightly different way than the English word ‘nation’. It is understood not only in cultural but also political terms, and in numerous contexts it is used to denote ‘the people’ or an ‘ethnic nation/ethnos’. Thus, when we use words ‘nation, nationality, narodnost’, sometimes only the context makes it possible to decide whether we mean the nation, nation or ethnos. However, this lack of clear distinction in the colloquial discourse should not make one conclude that there are not fully shaped nations in Poland and Russia. It is just that the colloquial discourse fails to notice these vague distinctions. In the scientific discourse in both countries, these differentiations have been precisely defined and used for a long time.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2009, 38; 123-129
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 592

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