Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "Giftedness" wg kryterium: Temat

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 16
Tytuł:
Validating the Persian Version of Questionnaire of Educational and Learning Capital (QELC) in Iran
Autorzy:
Niknam, Karim
Baloğlu, Mustafa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26446414.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
QELC
the Actiotope Model of Giftedness
giftedness
Iran
Opis:
Unlike the traditional person-centred models where character traits are attached to the actions, the Actiotope Model of Giftedness (AMG) focuses on the person-environment interactions. The model asserts that successful learning requires essential sources including learning and educational capital situated in the environment. This study aims to validate the Persian version of the Questionnaire of Educational and Learning Capital (QELC) among students in Iran (n = 283). The Persian QELC was prepared and utilised to evaluate the sources revealed in the AMG. Results show that the Persian QELC has satisfactory psychometric properties.
Źródło:
Chowanna; 2021, 2(57); 1-19
0137-706X
2353-9682
Pojawia się w:
Chowanna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
When Parents and Teachers Assess Intellectual Giftedness of Preschool Children
Autorzy:
Havigerová, Jana Marie
Juklová, Kateřina
Haviger, Jiří
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16538404.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Characteristics of Giftedness Scale
preschool children
assessment of giftedness
parents
nursery teachers
Opis:
The paper deals with the possibility of using a screening method for the assessment of intellectual giftedness at preschool age by two groups of persons – nursery teachers and parents. It presents The Characteristics of Giftedness Scale (CGS) for preschool children from Linda Silverman and its Czech translation that was verified from the aspect of parallel validity with a standardized IQ test. The CGS was filled in by experienced nursery teachers and by parents of preschool children and their assessments were analysed from the aspect of similarity and diversity. The results show that teacher assessment is closer to the IQ test results compared with parents who tend to overestimate their children. Eight items with low agreement between the two groups of respondents were identified and their expected sources discussed.
Źródło:
The New Educational Review; 2013, 34; 188-197
1732-6729
Pojawia się w:
The New Educational Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Contribution of Gifted Individuals and Nonconformist Behaviours to Virtues in the Public Sphere
Wkład uzdolnionych jednostek i zachowań niekonformistycznych w cnoty w sferze publicznej
Autorzy:
Gierczyk, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/923459.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-11-18
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
nonconformity
giftedness
virtues
public sphere
Opis:
Giftedness and nonconformist behaviour have become a source of great interest in both the public sphere and in educational research. This is related to the fact that nonconformity (as a personality and character trait) has been, and still is, an indispensable element of the creative transformation of societies in the public sphere.1 The paper presents results of research conducted in the years 2014-2016 on the level of nonconformity of gifted students in Poland and England. The research, conducted with the Creative Behaviour Questionnaire III (CBQ III), was undertaken among 30 purposefully selected students from the University of Silesia (Poland) as well as Oxford University (England). By considering both the influence of nonconformists on the transformations taking place in the public sphere, and also the results of my research, I will examine whether nonconformity is a potential source of strength or weakness to the public sphere. In this context nonconformist is a person who does not conform to a generally accepted pattern of thought or action.
Źródło:
Studia Edukacyjne; 2018, 47; 197-208
1233-6688
Pojawia się w:
Studia Edukacyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Gifted disabled student in the regular and the special classroom
Autorzy:
David, Hanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194017.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Giftedness
double-exceptionality
gifted disabled
Opis:
The term "special education" is used, in most cases, for the education of children with learning disabilities, emotional problems, behavioral difficulties, severe physical limitations, or difficulties related to low cognitive abilities. "Gifted education", on the other hand, is used for educating the more able, children with high learning ability or special talents, creative children or children who had achieved highly in school-related or any other area, such as chess, music, painting, etc. However, many gifted children belong to both categories. Some suffer from problems or irregularities unrelated to their giftedness, for example – learning disabilities (e.g. dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, ADHD), or physical limitations, such as hearing loss, blindness, or paralysis. Some have to deal with issues directly or indirectly connected to their giftedness. For example: social acceptance has to do with conforming to the classroom norms, speaking about subjects considered age-appropriate, or being careful not to use "high level" vocabulary. A gifted child might find it difficult to participate in activities he or she has no interest in, not expressing feelings or ideas because they might seem odd to the peers, or thinking before using any rare or unconventional word or expression. A gifted child who is bored in the classroom might adopt behaviors such as abstention from activities, daydreaming or becoming the "classroom clown" and disturbing the teachers with voice-making, making jokes at others' expense or even at the teacher's. Such behaviors – not necessary a result of the child's giftedness but related to it – lead, in many cases, to labeling the child as "badly adjusted", "socially misfit", "isolated", or the like. In this article I intend to describe the social and the educational difficulties the gifted child has to deal with in the regular as well as in the gifted classroom and present techniques which might help overcoming them. I will present in detail four, all gifted with either learning disabilities or emotional problems, and the successful interventions they had gone through until reaching reasonable results.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2015, 9; 17-34
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reality and criticism of giftedness in the Spanish education system
Autorzy:
Muñoz-Mohedano, Andrés J.
Martin-Sanchez, Miguel A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2005055.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
law
education
minority
Spain
giftedness
Opis:
The paper tries to be a critical analysis of and a theoretical reflection on minority students: gifted children in the Spanish education system. To carry out this study and achieve the objectives set up, we took into account a qualitative methodology, framed within the constructivist paradigm in the social sciences. Being a gifted child in Spain is a problem because gifted children are not being adequately addressed, as the Ministry of Education recognizes. An objective analysis of the current situation can become a way of changing it. In addition, we have to pay attention to the principles and rights of the awareness of diversity.
Źródło:
The New Educational Review; 2016, 43; 137-146
1732-6729
Pojawia się w:
The New Educational Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Preconceptions and Their Significance in Early Identification of Potential Giftedness in Preschool-Aged Children
Autorzy:
Lukáčiková, Rebeka Štefánia
Duchovičová, Jana
Teleková, Radka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159461.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
children’s preconceptions
giftedness
identification of giftedness
preschool age
children on the threshold of education
Opis:
The subject of the study is preconceptions of pre-primary education children about the selected phenomenon of “learning”. We were interested in whether there are differences in children’s identified preconceptions regarding intellectual abilities. Identifying such a difference could be one indicator of giftedness that could also be useful in early educational diagnostics. The research design was mixed; data were obtained through semi-structured flexible micro-interviews made individually with 39 children. Conclusions of the research investigation point to a difference in cognitive and structural components of children’s identified preconceptions and a difference in terms of their intellectual abilities while confirming the diagnostic potential of children’s preconceptions to reveal giftedness also in children of pre-school age.
Źródło:
The New Educational Review; 2022, 70; 118-130
1732-6729
Pojawia się w:
The New Educational Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Labeling in the education of gifted pupils
Autorzy:
Machů, Eva
Kočvarová, Ilona
Císlerová, Tereza
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2011761.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
giftedness
gifted pupil
labeling
enrichment curicullum
Opis:
The study presents an analysis of teachers’ tendency to label gifted pupils. A questionnaire was used at the level of lower secondary education. It was aimed at teachers’ educational strategies in the area of enriching the curriculum for gifted pupils, and teachers’ tendency to label gifted pupils. In conclusion, labeling does not belong to educational strategies of most teachers. Gender, pedagogical qualifications and the length of teaching experience do not influence teachers’ tendency to label gifted pupils. Teachers from specialized schools for gifted pupils have a stronger tendency to label them. This tendency is weaker in the case of teachers from small schools.
Źródło:
The New Educational Review; 2015, 41; 218-228
1732-6729
Pojawia się w:
The New Educational Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mental practice of musically gifted adolescents
Autorzy:
Kaczmarek, Stella
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2125554.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-29
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
mental practice
adolescents
musical giftedness
practice strategies
Opis:
In the last decade, the growing interest in the subject of musicians’ mental practice has produced a significant increase in research on mental and instrumental practice. More than half of all the studies concerns professional musicians, and relatively little research is conducted on children or adolescents. The article will describe research on the mental practice of teenagers attending music schools in Poland and Germany. Questionnaire surveys answer the question of whether young people use mental practice, how they do it, and what the content of mental training while practicing an instrument is. The analysis suggests that gifted adolescents from both countries (1) do not use mental rehearsal very often and (2) use mental practice strategies in a similar way. What they differ in is the frequency of using mental practice as an integral part of their instrumental learning, using musical-analytical strategy, and the quality of mental practice. The study indicates the need to teach mental practice and its importance in increasing the effectiveness of instrumental practice.
Źródło:
Roczniki Psychologiczne; 2019, 22, 4; 353-371
1507-7888
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Psychologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Parents Nominating Gifted Children in Their Early Years - The Case of Slovenia
Autorzy:
Keli, Gorela
Gabrijelčič Mojca, Kukanja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1964330.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
potential giftedness
child
preschool level
parents
family
gifted identification
Opis:
The article deals with the field of gifted children, who are considerably neglected from the point of view of programmatic and legislative approaches in the field of education in the Republic of Slovenia. The substantive research focus is therefore mainly on understanding and detailing the role of parents in discovering characteristics of potential giftedness and the role that parents have in promoting the child’s potential in one of the areas of giftedness. In the empirical part of the paper, we examined the extent to which parents perceive potential giftedness in their preschool children and whether they encourage them in developing their potential in different areas of giftedness. We used a descriptive, noncausal, and nonexperimental method. The survey sample included 201 parents of preschool children in the developmental period of early childhood from 4 to 6 years. Data were obtained using a questionnaire developed based on Giftedness Rating Scale to identify gifted children in elementary school and adapted to survey participants. Based on the established hypotheses, we reviewed the differences in the perception and promotion of different areas of potential giftedness in relation to the child’s gender and age, the parents’ educational level, and the outstanding strong area subjectively assessed by the parents. We also examined the relationship between the variables of perception and promotion of potential giftedness. The results of the study are relevant to the field of potentially gifted preschool children and the further recognition and promotion of their potential in kindergarten and in the family.
Źródło:
The New Educational Review; 2021, 66; 170-181
1732-6729
Pojawia się w:
The New Educational Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Going all the Way: Theories, Models and Determinants of High Achievement Development
Autorzy:
Mudrák, Jiří
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31342778.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
giftedness
achievement
abilities
deliberate practice
personality
social influences
intervention
Opis:
In our article we present an overview of current research on giftedness, achievement and factors influencing their development. Determinants of high achievement such as abilities, social factors, deliberate practice, personality and others are discussed, ways of better support of its successful development are sought and its possible changeability is pointed out.
Źródło:
The New Educational Review; 2007, 11; 127-146
1732-6729
Pojawia się w:
The New Educational Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
OPPORTUNITIES FOR TALENT DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN WITH GENERAL INTELLECTUAL GIFTEDNESS
Autorzy:
Hudáková, Jana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/566594.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku
Tematy:
talent
musicality
intellectually gifted child
pupil with general intellectual giftedness
education
Opis:
The aim of the study was to verify the problem of intellectually gifted children, terminologically referred to as pupils with general intellectual giftedness. The other partial aim was to point to the lacking musical development of one kind of talent in the pupils. Finally we focused on indication of the new possibilities of how to develop the intellectually gifted pupils in the sense of the musicality with cognitive, psychomotor, and also relaxing effect. The research sample consisted of the pupils from three kinds of schools, aged from 12 to 13 years. We observed the pupils with musical talent (schools of music), pupils who were intellectually gifted (special schools) and pupils from comprehensive classes (without classification of giftedness). In the last group there were excluded the pupils who attended comprehensive elementary school and also music of art. Methods: Based on existing tests of musicality the overview of which we constructed for this study, we elaborated the test of musicality and realised research probe. The evaluation was realised by means of qualitative analysis, observation and questionnaire. Results: The study summarises briefly the knowledge of the intellectually gifted pupils and it shows the possibilities of their education by means of music with the respect to harmonious balance between intellectual and emotional intelligence of the pupils.
Źródło:
Ars inter Culturas; 2015, 4; 77-88
2083-1226
Pojawia się w:
Ars inter Culturas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Psychologiczno-pedagogiczne wsparcie utalentowanych dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym
Autorzy:
Palasevych, Iryna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/614811.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
giftedness
characteristics of giftedness
children of preschool age
psycho-pedagogical support
preschool educational institution
utalentowanie
objawy utalentowania
dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym
psychologiczno-pedagogiczne wsparcie
placówka przedszkolna
Opis:
The article describes the main approaches to defining the essence of concept “childish giftedness”, identifies its features, proves the necessity of a complex study and identification of giftedness in preschool age children in order to create a program of its support and development, analyses organising features of educational work with gifted children in preschool educational institutions, explains the importance of psycho-pedagogical support of parents in bringing up gifted preschoolers.
W artykule zostały scharakteryzowane główne podejścia do definiowania istoty pojęcia „utalentowanie dziecka”, zostały przedstawione jego cechy, udowodniono niezbędność wszechstronnego badania i dostrzegania talentu dziecka-przedszkolaka w celu tworzenia programu jego wsparcia i rozwoju, dokonano analizy osobliwości organizowania pracy dydaktycznej z utalentowanymi dziećmi w placówkach przedszkolnych, uzasadniono ważność psychologiczno-pedagogicznego wsparcia rodziców w wychowaniu uzdolnionych przedszkolaków.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio J – Paedagogia-Psychologia; 2015, 28, 2
0867-2040
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio J – Paedagogia-Psychologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Sense of Didactic Self-efficacy in Mathematics Teachers with Various Personal Theories Regarding Gender Differences and Mathematical Giftedness
Autorzy:
Rubacha, Krzysztof
Sirotova, Mariana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1969296.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
didactic self-efficacy
mathematics teachers
teachers’ personal theories
gender differences
mathematical giftedness
Opis:
The paper presents a quasi-experimental study clarifying the variability of maths teachers’ sense of self-efficacy based on their personal theories regarding differences in mathematical giftedness between girls and boys. Didactic self-efficacy is understood as a judgment of the possibility of teaching all learners. A ‘personal theory’ is understood as a verbalized group of judgments regarding the source of mathematical giftedness among girls and boys. The two variables, i.e. ‘personal theories’ and ‘biological sex’, were introduced in a two-factor NOVA model. A strong main effect for ‘personal theories’ was noted, while there was no statistically significant effect for biological sex. The result shows that gender stereotypes can weaken teachers’ sense of didactic self-efficacy, and consequently block pupils’ opportunity for development.
Źródło:
The New Educational Review; 2018, 53; 261-270
1732-6729
Pojawia się w:
The New Educational Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Giotto’s Circle – Example of Methodical Procedure for Early Detection/Encouragement of Preschools’ Giftednessfor Solvinglogically-Functional Mathematical Problems
Autorzy:
HILČENKO, SLAVOLJUB
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/457671.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
Tematy:
traditional education system ≠ early (UN) discovery of giftedness
an example of a workflow
didactics, methods
NTC + Mensa
Opis:
The aim of this paper is introduction of didactically-methodical procedure for early detec-tion/encouragement of gifted children in solving problematically-logical and functional problems in math/geometry. We will display this procedure on the example of activities with preschool age group of children (6 years old), on which a new term is acquired – a CIRCLE. Problematical ma-nipulative task called “Draw as correct circle as possible without using a divider”, which was conceptualized by the principles of “Nikola Tesla Center” (NTC) – MENSA of Serbia, was offered in three variants with different level of difficulty and number of didactical material for solving: 1) THE EASIEST PROCEDURE: with a logical block which has circle base + felt pen and paper, 2) MEDIUM-DIFFICULT PROCEDURE: pencil attached to the thread + paper and 3) THE MOST DIFFICULT PROCEDURE: color with brush + paper; Every child should make an indi-vidual attempt to solve all offered procedures – successively, one after the other, and their at-tempts, SUCCESS/FAILURES should be recorded by educator. Besides that, the paper indicates UNWILLINGNESS OF SERBIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM FOR THE GIFTED ONES = the necessary condition of the progress of every society, in which, they are LEFT ON THEIR OWN!.
Źródło:
Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka; 2018, 9, 2; 81-91
2080-9069
Pojawia się w:
Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“Gifted, But What’s Next?” A Proprietary Program of Recognizing Students’ Personal Resources and Ways of Using Them to Choose Their Further Educational and Life Path
„Uzdolniony, a co dalej?” Autorski program rozpoznawania zasobów osobistych ucznia oraz korzystania z nich w wyborze dalszej drogi edukacyjnej i życiowej
Autorzy:
Uszyńska-Jarmoc, Janina
Kunat, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30148766.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
psychologia pozytywna
zasoby osobiste
uzdolnienia
mocne strony ucznia
diagnozowanie
positive psychology
personal resources
giftedness
strengths
student
diagnosing
proprietary program
Opis:
The paper presents a proprietary program of recognizing students’ personal resources and ways of using them at the end of their elementary education and during further secondary school education. It refers to the researcher’s own theoretical and scholarly experiences associated with the construction of tools that assist in recognizing students’ abilities and giftedness, as well as possible external and intrinsic factors determining their development (Uszyńska-Jarmoc, Kunat, Tarasiuk 2014; Uszyńska-Jarmoc, Kunat, Mantur 2015; Uszyńska-Jarmoc, Kunat 2018). The paper also emphasizes that during the process of diagnosing, the relation between assumed theories and pedagogical practice is respected. Based on applied theoretical assumptions that stem from positive psychology, the author draws on practical experience gained during the course of a four year-long project titled “Akademia Talentów Białostockiej Szkoły Realnej” [Talent Academy of the Real School in Bialystok]. The proprietary program of recognizing students’ personal resources, elaborated during this project, has been verified based on cooperation with a group of over 200 students, aged 13–16, as well as their parents. The program was implemented by the author of this paper together with the students and their parents, however, it can also be used in educational practice by other educators, school psychologists, or career advisors.
W tekście przedstawiono zarys autorskiego programu rozpoznawania zasobów osobistych ucznia kończącego edukację w szkole podstawowej oraz możliwości ich wykorzystania w dalszej edukacji i w wyborze zawodu. Odwołano się w nim do własnych doświadczeń teoretyczno-badawczych związanych z procedurą konstruowania narzędzi do rozpoznawania zdolności i uzdolnień uczniów oraz możliwych zewnętrznych i wewnętrznych czynników warunkujących ich rozwój (Uszyńska-Jarmoc, Kunat, Tarasiuk 2014; Uszyńska-Jarmoc, Kunat, Mantur 2015; Uszyńska-Jarmoc, Kunat 2018). W artykule zaakcentowano także konieczność respektowania w procesie diagnozowania związku pomiędzy przyjętą teorią a praktyką pedagogiczną. Na podstawie założeń teoretycznych, wywodzących się z psychologii pozytywnej, odwołano się do doświadczeń praktycznych, zdobytych w ramach realizowanego od czterech lat projektu „Akademia Talentów Białostockiej Szkoły Realnej”. Wypracowany w ramach tego projektu autorski program rozpoznawania zasobów osobistych uczniów został zweryfikowany na podstawie kilkuletniej współpracy z grupą ponad 200 uczniów od 13. do 16. roku życia oraz ich rodzicami. Opisywany tu program realizowany był przez autorki niniejszego tekstu z uczniami i dla uczniów oraz ich rodziców, ale może być także wykorzystywany w praktyce edukacyjnej przez pedagogów, psychologów szkolnych lub doradców zawodowych.
Źródło:
Nauki o Wychowaniu. Studia Interdyscyplinarne; 2023, 16, 1; 258-274
2450-4491
Pojawia się w:
Nauki o Wychowaniu. Studia Interdyscyplinarne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 16

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies