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Tytuł:
Composition of seed soluble carbohydrates and ultrastructural diversity of testa in lupins from the Mediterranean Region
Autorzy:
Piotrowicz-Cieslak, A I
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/56576.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
Mediterranean Region
gas chromatography
Fabaceae
Lupinus
scanning electron microscopy
seed coat
lupin
cyclitol
carbohydrate
galactosyl cyclitol
raffinose family oligosaccharide
seed
Opis:
This article present a comparison of soluble sugar levels in seeds of Lupinus atlanticus, Lupinus cosentinii, Lupinus palaestinus and Lupinus pilosus, Lupinus hispanicus subsp. hispanicus and Lupinus luteus of Juno variety. Considering that sugars are accumulated in embryos, only the embryonic tissues were used for biochemical analyses. Additionally, the share of testa and embryo in seed tissues was evaluated. The seed-coat thickness was measured using scanning electron microscopy. The seed coat had the largest share in seeds of Lupinus pilosus and Lupinus palaestinus, and the least share in seeds of Lupinus hispanicus subsp. hispanicus and Lupinus luteus of Juno variety. In the seed of Lupinus pilosus the thickness of the seed coat was 1100 µm, while in Lupinus luteus it was 300 µm. The analysed Lupinus seeds accumulated from 73 mg/g d.m. (dry matter of seed embryo) to 155 mg of soluble sugars/g d.m. The highest quantity of oligosaccharides of the raffinose series was found in seeds of Lupinus luteus, while the lowest amount in seed of Lupinus palaestinus. Galactosyl cyclitols appeared in largest amount in seeds of Lupinus palaestinus and Lupinus pilosus, appropriately 41.93 and 33.75 mg/g dm. The lowest amount of galactosyl cyclitols appeared in Lupinus atlanticus, Lupinus cosentinii and Lupinus hispanicus.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2005, 74, 4
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Phytotoxicity of Sodium Chloride Towards Common Duckweed (Lemna Minor L.) and Yellow Lupin (Lupinus Luteus L.)
Fitotoksyczne działanie chlorku sodu wobec łubinu żółtego (Lupinus Luteus L.) oraz rzęsy drobnej (Lemna Minor L.)
Autorzy:
Sikorski, Ł.
Piotrowicz-Cieślak, A. I.
Adomas, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204670.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
sodium chloride
common duckweed
yellow lupin
cyclitols
soluble carbohydrates
chlorek sodu
rzęsa drobna
łubin żółty
cyklitole
węglowodany rozpuszczalne
Opis:
Salinity has adverse effects on plants and is one of the causes of environment degradation. Plants have developed many defensive mechanisms, protecting them from sodium chloride (NaCl), including accumulation of osmoprotective compounds, which maintain osmotic balance, protect cell structure and enzymes. In the current study, we investigated the effects of salinity resulting from a range of sodium chloride concentrations (from 0 to 400 mM) on the growth of common duckweed (Lemna minor L.) and yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.). Increasing concentration of sodium chloride decreased the area of common duckweed leaves. At the highest applied salt concentration, the decrease of leaf area was associated with leaf chlorosis. In yellow lupin, the increasing sodium chloride concentration inhibited root and stem elongation. The highest tested NaCl concentration of 400 mM completely stopped elongation of yellow lupin shoots. The content of cyclitols and soluble carbohydrates in plant tissues was evaluated as well. Cyclitols (D -chiro -inositol and D -pinitol), as well as soluble carbohydrates (glucose, fructose and sucrose) were detected in common duckweed tissues. Yellow lupin seedlings also contained cyclitols - D -pinitol, myo -inositol and D -chiro -inositol - and soluble carbohydrates - glucose, galactose and sucrose. The content of osmoprotectants in plant tissues, especially sucrose and cyclitols, increased with increasing concentration of sodium chloride in the soil. The results indicate that the content of cyclitols and soluble carbohydrates in plant tissues can be an indicator of plant response to salinity stress.
Zasolenie wpływa niekorzystnie na roślinność i stanowi jedną z przyczyn degradacji środowiska wodnego i glebowego. Rośliny wykształciły wiele mechanizmów odporności na NaCl, jednym z nich może być akumulacja związków osmoprotekcyjnych, utrzymujących równowagę osmotyczną, chroniących struktury komórkowe i enzymy. W pracy badano wpływ zasolenia wywołanego różnymi stężeniami chlorku sodu (od 0 do 400 mM) na tempo wzrostu rzęsy drobnej (Lemna minor L.) i łubinu żółtego (Lupinus luteus L.). Ponadto w tkankach roślin oceniano zawartość cyklitoli i węglowodanów rozpuszczalnych. Wzrastające stężenie chlorku sodu zmniejszało powierzchnię liści rzęsy drobnej. W najwyższym z zastosowanych stężeń obok redukcji pola powierzchni liści obserwowano również intensywną chlorozę liści. Wzrastające stężenie chlorku sodu hamowało wzrost elongacyjny korzeni i łodyg łubinu żółtego. Najwyższe z badanych stężeń NaCl całkowicie hamowało wzrost elongacyjny łodyg łubinu żółtego. W tkankach rzęsy drobnej występowały cyklitole (D -chiro -inozytol i D -pinitol) oraz węglowodany rozpuszczalne (glukoza, fruktoza i sacharoza). Natomiast w siewkach łubinu żółtego występowały cyklitole (D -pinitol, myo -inozytol i D -chiro -inozytol) oraz węglowodany rozpuszczalne (glukoza, fruktoza, galaktoza i sacharoza). Wykazano, że wraz ze wzrostem stężenia chlorku sodu w podłożu wzrastała zawartość osmoprotektantów (cyklitoli i sacharozy) w tkankach. Badania wykazały, że cyklitole i węglowodany rozpuszczalne obecne w tkankach łubinu żółtego i rzęsy drobnej są dobrymi biomarkerami środowiska zanieczyszczonego chlorkiem sodu.
Źródło:
Archives of Environmental Protection; 2013, 39, 2; 117-128
2083-4772
2083-4810
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Environmental Protection
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Moderating Role of Hardiness and Social Support in the Relation Between Job Stressors and Well-Being. A Lesson From a Clerical Women Sample
Autorzy:
Cieślak, R.
Widerszal-Bazyl, M.
Łuszczyńska-Cieślak, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/91234.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
social support
hardiness
stress at work
well-being
odporność
stres
stres w pracy
dobre samopoczucie
wsparcie
Opis:
The study concerns the moderating role of two variables - hardiness and social support - in the relation between job stressors and well-being. It was checked if there is a connection between hardiness and social support, and if these variables are directly related to the level of well-being. It was also hypothesized that hardiness and social support buffer the negative influence of stressors on well-being. The fact that social support and well-being are multidimensional variables was taken into account. The cross-sectional study was conducted on a group of 200 women employed as office workers. The results showed that hardiness correlates with the indexes of emotional support as well as practical support coming from supervisors. The connection, however, was not strong. Hardiness and social support were directly connected with the level of well-being. Interaction of these two independent variables played a marginal role. As far as the buffering role of these variables was concerned, the results have shown that hardiness did not play a buffering role and social support did to a limited degree only. The results of the study proved that it is justifiable to treat social support and well-being as multidimensional variables.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2000, 6, 2; 257-292
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Peroxidase activity and soluble carbohydrates content in pea roots in response to soil contamination with oxytetracycline
Autorzy:
Dobiesz, M.
Ziolkowska, A.
Piotrowicz-Cieslak, A.I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/80780.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
conference
peroxidase activity
carbohydrate content
pea
soil contamination
oxytetracycline
Streptomyces rimosus
bacteriostatic activity
antioxidative enzyme
Źródło:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology; 2013, 94, 3
0860-7796
Pojawia się w:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mutations modulate soluble carbohydrates composition in seeds of Lathyrus sativus L.
Autorzy:
Piotrowicz-Cieslak, A I
Rybinski, W.
Michalczyk, D.J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/57224.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
mutagenesis
soluble carbohydrate
seed
Lathyrus sativus
mutant
galactosyl cyclitol
Opis:
Seeds of Lathyrus sativus cv. Derek and Krab were used as biological material for induced mutagenesis. Three mutant lines were obtained from seeds of grass pea cv. Derek and 15 lines from mutagenised seeds of cv. Krab. Twelve ethanol-soluble carbohydrates were identified in the seeds. We have selected grass pea mutant lines with high oligosaccharides content (lines D4, K56, K25, and K7) and lines with low raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) content (lines K12, K29 and K13). Mutations changing the levels of RFO have not affected the contents of galactosyl cyclitols.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2008, 77, 4; 281-287
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Markers of physiological stress in common pea (Pisum sativum) in response to soil contamination with tetracycline
Autorzy:
Ziolkowska, A.
Dobiesz, M.
Piotrowicz-Cieslak, A.I.
Adomas, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/80121.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
conference
physiological stress
common pea
Pisum sativum
soil contamination
tetracycline
peroxidase activity
carbohydrate
Źródło:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology; 2013, 94, 3
0860-7796
Pojawia się w:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cyclitols, galactosyl cyclitols and raffinose family oligosaccharides in Mexican wild lupin seeds
Autorzy:
Piotrowicz-Cieslak, A I
Lopez, P.M.G.
Gulewicz, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/57746.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
wild lupin
oligosaccharide
lupin
carbohydrate
cyclitol
galactosyl cyclitol
Mexico
seed
Opis:
Ten to 16 ethanol-soluble carbohydrate components were identified in the seeds of six Mexican wild lupins. The analysed carbohydrates included: monosaccharides, disaccharides, cyclitols, galactosyl cyclitols and raffinose family oligosaccharides. Stachyose and sucrose were the main carbohydrate component in the Lupinus montanus, L. rotundiflorus, L. exaltatus, L. mexicanus and L. elegans seeds. Only trace quantities of verbascose were detected in Lupinus mexicanus seeds. The analysed seeds accumulated 38 to 78 mg/g d.m. carbohydrates. The raffinose family oligosaccharides constituted 41 to 85.2% of the identified carbohydrate component pool. The analysed Lupinus seeds contained 3 to 8 unidentified carbohydrate components.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2003, 72, 2
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effects of temperature on the dormancy and germination of Cirsium arvense [L.] Scop. seeds
Autorzy:
Bochenek, A
Golaszewski, J.
Piotrowicz-Cieslak, A.I.
Gorecki, R.J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/57089.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
weed
stratification
weed seed
seed
seed dormancy
life cycle
dormancy
temperature effect
afterripening
Cirsium arvense
germination
perennial species
Opis:
The ecophysiological regulation of seed dormancy in perennial species and those with a varied life cycle has not been studied in detail yet. That is why an attempt has been made to determine the Cirsium arvense seed water relations during stratification and afterripening at different temperatures and germination at constant or fluctuating temperatures on the basis of the hydrotime model. The obtained results showed that breaking of the primary dormancy of achenes took place only during the first stratification month at moderate temperatures, mainly due to an increase in the average water-stress tolerance in a seed population. The induction of secondary seed dormancy during after-ripening at all temperatures resulted mostly from a substantial loss of the seeds' ability to tolerate water stress. Fluctuating temperatures affected neither seed germination nor the hydrotime model parameters. The analysis of the variations of hydrotime model parameters allows a better understanding of the physiological basis of seed dormancy relief and induction.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2009, 78, 2; 105-114
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Different effects of soil drought on soluble carbohydrates of developing Lupinus pilosus and Lupinus luteus embryos
Autorzy:
Piotrowicz-Cieslak, A I
Michalczyk, D.J.
Adomas, B.
Gorecki, R.J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/57870.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
plant physiology
carbohydrate
cyclitol
raffinose family oligosaccharide
soil drought
soil humidity
seed
Lupinus luteus
Juno cultivar
Lupinus pilosus
drought
lupin
embryo
galactosyl cyclitol
Opis:
The aim of this study was to compare the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in embryos of two lupin species: cultivated Lupinus luteus (cv. Juno) and wild L. pilosus, developing on plants grown under normal soil humidity and soil drought. All analysed seeds accumulated soluble carbohydrates, including: monosaccharides, sucrose, cyclitols, galactosyl cyclitols and raffinose family oligosaccharides. Soil drought caused a nearly two-fold increase of soluble carbohydrate contents in both species. L. pilosus embryos however, responded to water deficiency by increasing the accumulation of cyclitols and galactosyl cyclitols, whereas L. luteus embryos enhanced accumulation of cyclitols and raffinose family oligosaccharides.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2007, 76, 2
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Carbohydrates in Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica
Autorzy:
Piotrowicz-Cieslak, A I
Gielwanowska, I.
Bochenek, A.
Loro, P.
Gorecki, R.J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59067.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
soluble sugar
monosaccharide
oligosaccharide
carbohydrate
cyclitol
starch
vegetative tissue
Deschampsia antarctica
sugar
Colobanthus quitensis
raffinose
tissue
galactosyl cyclitol
Opis:
Eight to nineteen ethanol-soluble carbohydrate components were identified in vegetative tissues of Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica. The analysed carbohydrates included: monosaccharides, cyclitols, galactosyl cyclitols, raffinose family oligosaccharides, lichnose family oligosaccharides, kestose family oligosaccharides. The analysed vegetative tissues accumulated from 447 to 139 mg/g d.m. soluble carbohydrates in Colobanthus quitensis, Deschampsia antarctica respectively. The raffinose family oligosaccharides constituted 53.3% in Colobanthus quitensis of the identified soluble carbohydrate component pool. Vegetative tissues accumulated starch in Colobanthus quitensis 20.6 mg/g d.m. and 261.6 mg/g d.m. in Deschampsia antarctica. Anatomical and ultrastructural observations of vegetative part of Colobanthus quitensis and Deschmpsia antarctica revealed the presence of various ergastic materials in intercellular spaces, cell walls and protoplasts. Various parts of these plants contain insoluble, PAS positive polysaccharides in intercellular spaces and in cell walls. Chloroplasts of analysed tissues contained starch. Less starch was visible in young, growing parts of shoots of Colobanthus quitensis and Deschmpsia antarctica, more starch appears in mature, differentiated parts.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2005, 74, 3
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Soluble carbohydrates in cereal [wheat, rye, triticale] seed after storage under accelerated ageing conditions
Autorzy:
Piotrowicz-Cieslak, A I
Niedzielski, M.
Michalczyk, D J
Luczak, W.
Adomas, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59350.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
soluble carbohydrate
carbohydrate
cereal
wheat
rye
triticale
seed
storage
aging
moisture content
Opis:
Germinability and the content of soluble carbohydrates were analysed in cereal seed (winter rye, cv. Warko; spring wheat, cv. Santa; hexaploid winter triticale, cv. Fidelio and cv. Woltario). Seed moisture content (mc) was equilibrated over silica gel to 0.08 g H2O/g dry mass and stored in a desiccator at 20oC for up to 205 weeks or were equilibrated to mc 0.06, 0.08 or 0.10 g H2O/g dm and subjected to artificial aging at 35oC in air-tight laminated aluminium foil packages for 205 weeks. It was shown that the rate of seed aging depended on the species and seed moisture content. The fastest decrease of germinability upon storage was observed in seed with the highest moisture level. Complete germinability loss for winter rye, winter triticale cv. Fidelio, winter triticale cv. Woltario and spring wheat seed with mc 0.10 g H2O/g dm3 occurred after 81, 81, 101 and 133 weeks, respectively. Fructose, glucose, galactose, myo-inositol, sucrose, galactinol, raffinose, stachyose and verbascose were the main soluble carbohydrates found in the seed. The obtained data on the contents of specific sugars and the composition of soluble sugars fraction in seed of rye, wheat and triticale did not corroborate any profound effect of reducing sugars, sucrose and oligosaccharides on seed longevity.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2010, 79, 1; 21-25
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Physiological-biochemical parameters and characteristics of seed coat structure in lupin seeds subjected to long storage at different temperatures
Autorzy:
Piotrowicz-Cieslak, A I
Michalczyk, D J
Gorska, K
Bulinska-Radomska, Z.
Gorecki, R.J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/58178.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
physiological parameter
biochemical parameter
seed coat
coat structure
lupin
seed
long storage
storage
storability
protein
soluble carbohydrate
seed surface
different temperature
temperature
Opis:
Seed vigour, viability, the contents of soluble carbohydrates, total protein, albumins, and globulins, as well as seed coat structure, were analysed in yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) cv. Iryd seeds stored for 20 years at -14oC, 0oC or at room temperature (approx. +20oC). Seed storage at room temperature reduced viability (to 2%) and increased seed leachate electroconductivity. Determinations of total proteins showed that protein content was significantly reduced in seeds stored at +20oC compared to the other storage regimens. Raffinose family oligosaccharides were the main soluble carbohydrates in seeds stored at 0oC and -14oC, whereas sucrose dominated in seeds stored at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of seed surface and seed coat sections revealed appearance of an amorphic layer on the surface of seeds stored at room temperature (not observed in other seeds) and distinct shrinking of macrosclereid layer in seeds stored at -14oC. Macrosclereids layer in all seeds was 100 um thick and accounted for 60% of seed coat thickness. The obtained results suggest that for long term storage of lupin seeds at 0oC is the most advisable temperature if both costs of storage and seed storability are considered.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2008, 77, 3; 201-205
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of glycerol doping on ignition delay times and laminar burning velocities of gasoline and diesel fuel
Autorzy:
Jach, A.
Cieślak, I.
Teodorczyk, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133258.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
glycerol
ignition delay time
laminar burning velocities
Cantera
gasoline
diesel
gliceryna
czas opóźnienia zapłonu
prędkość laminowania
benzyna
Opis:
Glycerol is a major by-product of biodiesel production. Per one tone of produced biodiesel, one hundred kilograms of glycerol is produced. Production of glycerol is increasing due to increase of demand for biodiesel. One of methods of glycerol utilization is combustion. Recent experimental studies with use of a diesel engine and a constant volume combustion chamber show that utilization of glycerol as a fuel results in lower NOx emissions in exhaust gases. It combusts slower than light fuel oil, what is explained by higher viscosity and density of glycerol. Glycerol has low cetane number, so to make combustion in a diesel engine possible at least one of the following conditions need to be fulfilled: a pilot injection, high temperature or high compression ratio. The aim of the paper is to compare glycerol to diesel and to assess influence of glycerol doping on gasoline and diesel fuel in dependence of pressure, temperature and equivalence ratio. The subject of this study is analysis of basic properties of flammable mixtures, such as ignition delay times and laminar burning velocities of primary reference fuels (diesel: n-heptane and gasoline: iso-octane). Calculations are performed with use of Cantera tool in Matlab and Python environments. Analyses of influence of glycerol on ignition delay times of n-heptane/air and iso-octane/air mixtures covered wide range of conditions: temperatures from 600 to 1600 K, pressure 10-200 bar, equivalence ratio 0.3 to 14, molar fraction of glycerol in fuel 0-1 in air. Simulations of LBV in air cover temperatures: 300 K and 500 K, pressures: 10, 40, 100, 200 bar and equivalence ratio from 0.3 to 1.9. Physicochemical properties of gasoline, diesel and glycerol are compared.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 2; 167-175
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Magnesium - an important component of high-energy compositions
Magnez - istotny składnik mieszanin wysokoenergetycznych
Autorzy:
Zygmunt, A.
Cieslak, K.
Golofit, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14046.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Opis:
Magnesium is a widely used component in high-energy compositions. Mixtures containing this metal can be found in show and military pyrotechnics, rocket propellants and various explosive masses. Magnesium containing compositions have high combustion temperature, which allows one to achieve the desired special effect. Two important stages in designing new high-energy mixtures, i.e. compatibility of substances and optimal composition, were described. The calculations were based on mixtures containing magnesium. In line with the standard STANAG 4147, using differential scanning calorimetry, compatibilities of mixtures of magnesium with octogen (HMX) and magnesium with hekzaazahekzanitroizowurzitane (CL-20) were examined. Magnesium is compatible with these nitroamines. An optimal composition which ensures the maximum combustion temperature and specific impulse was determined using the calculation programme isp2001. The optimum composition of the Mg : HMX composition burns at a lower temperature than the Mg : CL-20 mixture. The combustion temperature was 3493K for the former mixture and 3807K for the latter one. The specific impulse determined for both compositions was 273s. The specific impulse was established for mixtures with different shares of magnesium. The mixture containing in octogen reached the maximum specific impulse at 5% Mg, while the mixture containing CL-20 reached the highest specific impulse at 15% of this metal. The dependence of the specific impulse of rocket propellant containing polybutadiene with terminal hydroxyl groups (HTPB), ammonium perchlorate and magnesium was examined. The maximum value of the impulse increases with a decreasing amount of the binder. When another binder such as for poly(glycidyl azide) (GAP) was used, a reverse relationship was observed. The specific impulse increased with an increased binder content. The influence of various oxidants on the combustion temperature of pyrotechnic mixtures was defined. The highest combustion temperature was achieved for compositions with the magnesium content in the range of 20 to 45%. The effect on combustion temperature of the oxidants polytetrafluoroethylene, potassium chlorate and iron oxide was compared.
Źródło:
Journal of Elementology; 2014, 19, 2
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application and properties of aluminum in primary and secondary explosives
Autorzy:
Zygmunt, A.
Gańczyk, K.
Kasztankiewicz, A.
Cieślak, K.
Gołofit, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1190129.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Tematy:
aluminum
primary explosives
secondary explosives
detonation parameters
Opis:
Aluminum is an easily available and cheap material, which is widely used in military and civil industries, e.g. in space technology, explosion welding, mining, production of oil and natural gas, manufacture of airbags. Primary and secondary explosives containing aluminum are described in this part of the work. Aluminum is added to high explosives of different shapes and sizes. These parameters influence inter alia detonation velocity (D), explosion heat, detonation pressure, pressure impulse and thermal stability. Detonation parameters of high explosive (HE) containing aluminum have been determined for binary systems consisting of high explosive or oxidizer and aluminum, plastic bonded explosives (PBX), melt cast explosives, thermobaric explosives (TBX), ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO). Aluminum causes different effects on detonation velocity and explosion heat depending on the type of high explosive in binary systems. The dependence of the aluminum content in a mixture with ammonium nitrate with detonation velocity increased for an aluminum range from 0 to 10%, changed little between 10 and 16% of aluminum added and decreased from 16 to 40% of the aluminum content. For an aluminum content higher than 40%, the detonation process was not observed. The performance of explosives can be determined by the shock wave intensity. An increase in the pressure impulse made Al particle react with gaseous products and the air behind the front of detonation wave. The addition of aluminum also influences the thermal stability of high explosive materials.
Źródło:
Journal of Elementology; 2017, 22, 2; 747-759
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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