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Tytuł:
Importance of Employment Protection and Types of Employment Contracts for Elasticity of Employment in the OECD Countries
Autorzy:
Kwiatkowski, Eugeniusz
Włodarczyk, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/632833.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-03-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
employment
labour market institutions
employment elasticity
employment protection
fixed-term employment
zatrudnienie
instytucje rynku pracy
elastyczność zatrudnienia
prawna ochrona zatrudnienia
zatrudnienie na czas określony
Opis:
This article presents the impact of the global crisis on employment in the OECD countries, and in particular is an attempt to explain why the impact is of a different scope in particular countries. Particular attention has been paid to the question of the role played by labour market institutions (such as employment protection legislation and fixed-term employment). The global economic crisis has influenced the situation in the labour markets of OECD countries, causing declines in employment and increases in unemployment. Changes in the level of employment in individual countries varied. Between 2007-2012 declines in production took place in the majority of OECD countries. Declines in real wages were also observed in those countries. On the other hand, in the period of 2005-2012 relatively small changes in labour market institutions occurred. With respect to both the stringency of employment protection legislation, as well as the share of fixed-term employment, there were no clearly visible trends in the data during the period of economic crisis. The econometric verification of theoretical hypotheses was performed using annual data from the 2005-2012 period for 26 OECD countries, and itshows that GDP and real wages were statistically significant determinants of employment size in the analyzed period. The study also confirmed the hypothesis of the existence of a non-linear (U-shaped) relationship between employment elasticity with respect to GDP and the level of stringency of employment protection legislation, as well as the share of fixed-term employment in the total number of employment contracts. The results show that the smallest declines in employment during a crisis might be expected in countries where the level of EPL is close to 2, and the share of fixed-term employment in the total number of employment contracts is close to 18%.
Przedmiotem artykułu są skutki globalnego kryzysu dla zatrudnienia w krajach OECD, a w szczególności próba objaśnienia przyczyn ich zróżnicowanych rozmiarów w poszczególnych krajach. Szczególną uwagę w tym objaśnieniu zwrócono na pytanie, jaką rolę odgrywają tutaj instytucje rynku pracy, a w szczególności prawna ochrona zatrudnienia i umowy o pracę na czas określony. Globalny kryzys gospodarczy przekładał się na sytuację panującą na rynkach pracy krajów OECD powodując spadki zatrudnienia i wzrosty bezrobocia. Zmiany rozmiarów zatrudnienia w poszczególnych krajach były zróżnicowane. W latach 2007- 2012 w większości krajów OECD wystąpiły spadki rozmiarów produkcji. Obserwowano w nich również spadki rozmiarów płac realnych. Stosunkowo niewielkim zmianom w latach 2005-2012 podlegały natomiast czynniki o charakterze instytucjonalnym. Zarówno w przypadku restrykcyjności prawnej ochrony zatrudnienia, jak i w przypadku udziału zatrudnienia na czas określony nie wystąpiły wyraźne tendencje zmian tych wartości w okresie trwania kryzysu gospodarczego. Weryfikacja ekonometryczna wysuniętych hipotez teoretycznych została przeprowadzona w oparciu o dane roczne z lat 2005-2012 dla 26 krajów OECD i wykazała, że PKB i płace realne były istotnymi czynnikami determinującymi rozmiary zatrudnienia w analizowanym okresie. Potwierdzono również hipotezę o istnieniu nieliniowej (U-kształtnej) zależności pomiędzy elastycznością zatrudnienia względem PKB a stopniem restrykcyjności prawnej ochrony zatrudnienia oraz udziałem zatrudnienia na czas określony. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, iż najmniejszych spadków zatrudnienia w okresie kryzysu możemy się spodziewać w krajach, w których poziom EPL jest bliski 2, a udział umów o pracę na czas określony w liczbie umów ogółem jest bliski 18%.
Źródło:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe; 2014, 17, 1; 21-44
1508-2008
2082-6737
Pojawia się w:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Worker’s Employment Contract—the Legal Regulations of Interwar Poland
Autorzy:
Kwiecień, Sebastian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1803954.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-29
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
employment agreement
workers’ employment agreement
wage protection
work regulations
termination of employment relationship
Opis:
In independent Poland, the foundations for a new area of law, that is, labour law were laid, abandoning the previously crucial principle of freedom of contract underlying the contractual relationship between an employee and the employer. On March 16, 1928, the President of the Republic of Poland issued an ordinance on labour contracts, defining mutual obligations of employees and their employers under an employment contract based on which the employee undertook to perform work for the employer against remuneration. The legislator permitted the conclusion of employment contracts in writing, orally or in any other customary form accepted in a given workplace. In exchange for the work performed, the employer was obliged to pay appropriate contractual remuneration, as specified in the employment agreement. Importantly, this ordinance contained a number of protective regulations that were designed to protect the worker and make his position towards the employer more equal. They included regulations concerning remuneration protection or the employer’s obligation to specify work rules. Most importantly, however, the ordinance protected the worker from immediate and unjustified dismissal.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych; 2018, 28, 4; 73-97
1507-7896
2544-5227
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determinants of Temporary Employment in Poland
Autorzy:
Barański, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/942319.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
labour market
temporary employment
fixed-term employment
European Social Survey
Opis:
In the study I exploit European Social Survey Round 5 data to identify the determinants of temporary employment in Poland. As in this country the share of employees working under contracts of limited duration is the highest among all European Union member states, identifying the determinants of temporary employment is important not only for individuals but also for the policy-makers. The results of the analysis are supplemented with an investigation of the determinants of temporary employment for people younger than 30 years old as this phenomenon is commonly associated with young employees.
Źródło:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology; 2014, 5, 9; 81-110
2081-9633
Pojawia się w:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Arbitration in employment disputes - de lege ferenda comments 15 years after arbitration clauses in employment relations were introduced in the civil procedure
Autorzy:
Skowron, Radosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1595893.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
employment dispute
arbitration clause
employment arbitration
Opis:
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the existing model of employment arbitration in Poland in force since 2005. According to Article 1164 of the Code of Civil Procedure, arbitra¬tion clauses in employment disputes can only be established once a dispute has already arisen. In reality, this post-dispute voluntary regulation has no practical value and employment ar- bitration is an instrument used extremely rarely in Poland. On the basis of examination of applicable laws, the author shows that in given factual and legal circumstances a reasonable employee and a reasonable employer shall seldom have a cause to simultaneously agree to arbitrate an already existing dispute. By applying the com- parative method at the same time, the paper examines possible criteria of distinguishing categories of disputes, agreements, persons and other conditions that would permit a valid arbitration clause in employment agreements. In conclusion, the author demonstrates that, firstly, the existing voluntary post-dispute employment arbitration model in Poland is a fictitious one and requires reform and, sec- ondly, that both a full elimination of arbitration clauses in employment agreements and a full arbitration clause for all future disputes are too blunt a tool not taking into account the real needs and requirements of today’s employees and employers. The author calls for a more nu- anced regulation of employment arbitration in Poland.
Źródło:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis; 2020, 31, 3; 95-106
2083-4373
2545-3181
Pojawia się w:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economic fluctuations in a model with an overlapping structure of employment
Autorzy:
Matsue, Toyoki
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837928.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
economic uflctuations
employment
employment period
oscillatory re sponse
Opis:
This study presents a dynamic general equilibrium model with an explicit employment period and investigates economic fluctuations to a temporary productivity shock. Numerical experiments indicate oscillatory responses of new hiring and employment to the shock which are not observed in a standard flexible price model. The explicit employment period constructs an overlapping structure of employment which results in the oscillatory response. This study also examines the effects of change in employment period to economic fluctuations and shows that the variations in new hiring are higher when the employment period is long.
Źródło:
Economics and Business Review; 2021, 7, 3; 5-15
2392-1641
Pojawia się w:
Economics and Business Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Family 500+ benefit and changes in female employment in Poland
Autorzy:
Bartosik, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2175962.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-02-14
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
female employment
child benefits
family policy
employment-to-population ratio
Opis:
Abstract This paper investigates the relationship between the implementation of the Family 500+ benefit, changes in female employment and female economic inactivity. The analysis is based on macro data and is focused on the years 2016–2019. To examine the relationship, this study uses decomposition of the employment-to-population ratio change into labour supply and unemployment components, analysis of changes in the structure of nonparticipants and the shift-share method. Considering that the reaction to the child benefit may differ across age groups, this study found that since the introduction of the Family 500+ benefit, the employment-to-population ratio for women aged 25–39 (the most likely age group to be raising children and therefore to receive the benefit) stagnated, their labour force participation rate decreased and the percentage of nonparticipants due to family and household responsibilities increased.
Źródło:
Central European Economic Journal; 2023, 10, 57; 23-34
2543-6821
Pojawia się w:
Central European Economic Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ensuring equal regional employment conditions as a mechanism to overcome the problems of employment of IDPs
Autorzy:
Semenenko, Viktoriia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1199331.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-02-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
Tematy:
equalization
internally displaced persons
stable employment
unemployment
Ukraine
Opis:
The scale of interregional inequality of employment conditions for internally displaced persons (IDP), in particular, according to the basic indicators of the block «Decent work» of the index of regional human development is determined. The manifestations of the irregularity of placement of internally displaced persons in the regional cut are analyzed. This problem complicates the implementation of the employment policy concerning IDP’s needs. The experience of solving the IDP’s problems connected with their irregular placement, their employment, the balancing of the labor market on the basis of equalization of the dynamic equilibrium of interregional conditions of access to stable employment is generalized. The recommendations for the equalization of interregional conditions of IDP’s employment, which are necessary for deepening of the social dialogue in the field of labor relations, are substantiated.
Źródło:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2018, 8, 1; 44-48
2084-0497
2451-2249
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Employment regulations based on current market and state policy
Autorzy:
Ruzimaxammatovich, Ismailov Azizbek
Baxtishodovich, Bobur Sobirov
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178576.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
employment
government employment regulation
labor force reproduction
market mechanism
regulating methods
Opis:
Since Uzbekistan`s independence, the country has achieved several achievements, policy of employment and related issues have also been established at all. The goal of this policy paper is to analyse the existing positions of employment over the markets in Uzbekistan, to define and analyse key causes of employment in the labour market and to develop recommendations for increasing the effectiveness of the state employment policy. To ensure the full realisation of the labour potential and employment. The final outcomes of the study will serve on the development of the structure in Uzbekistan as whole.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 67, 2; 68-79
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Autonomy of the choice of employment as a category differentiating peripheral employees - report from own studies
Autorzy:
Dobrowolska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2157019.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
autonomy of employment
peripheral employees
flexible forms of employment
Opis:
The article presents a brief overview of the research so far and theoretical considerations on the differences that make an individual choose a non-traditional form of work. Some people deliberately choose alternative employment due to its flexibility, freedom and variety of tasks offered. Individuals preferring this type of employment mainly due to the said characteristics are referred to as voluntary employees. A coercive flexible employee is someone who perceives his/her employment as unattractive and undesirable, and it is only inability and lack of chances to find a permanent or a different type of employment that makes them choose this type of employment for a specified period of time or on short- term basis. Given the choice between a flexible form of employment and “permanent” job, assuming that conditions offered are acceptable, they do not hesitate to choose the latter.
Źródło:
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne; 2014, 2(14); 155-162
1898-0171
Pojawia się w:
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Agricultural employment in Hungary and the role of agriculture in employment enlargement of lagging rural areas
Zatrudnienie w węgierskim sektorze rolnym i rola rolnictwa w zwiększaniu wskaźnika zatrudnienia słabo rozwiniętych terenów wiejskich
Autorzy:
Ritter, K.
Kis, M.
Balazs, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/863792.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
The Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists
Tematy:
agricultural employment
employment
Hungary
agriculture
employment enlargement
lagging
rural area
rural development
Opis:
The long-term strategic objectives of EU Rural Development Policy in the next (2014-2020) programming period are as follows: competitiveness of agriculture, sustainable management of natural resources and balanced territorial development. In this strategy, agriculture remains to be a key element solution for rural problems. In cooperation with four villages of Nograd County in Hungary, a survey, carried out in the summer of 2012, questioning the local population about their economic and social conditions, the situation of local communities and development ideas, with special focus on the role and potential of agriculture, was conducted. Having analysed the role of agriculture in employment, based on literature and research conducted, it is worth highlighting its significance in solving rural problems and ought to be considered when constructing new rural policy, especially in the following topics: the social functions of traditional agriculture based on local resources, the strengthening of viable farms, the increasing importance of diversification and labor- -intensive products with high added-value.
Długoterminowe cele strategiczne UE dotyczące Polityki Rozwoju Terenów Wiejskich na najbliższy planowany okres (2014-2020) to przede wszystkim: konkurencyjność rolnictwa, zrównoważone zarządzanie bogactwami naturalnym i zrównoważony rozwój terytorialny. Dla tej obranej strategii sektor rolny pozostaje elementem kluczowym, jako rozwiązanie problemów, z którymi borykają się tereny wiejskie. W 2012 r. przeprowadzono ankietę wśród mieszkańców czterech wsi węgierskiego regionu Nógrád. Lokalną ludność zapytano o ocenę swojego statusu ekonomicznego i społecznego, a także o pomysły na dalszy rozwój społeczności, uwzględniając rolę i potencjał rolnictwa. Należy podkreślić kluczową rolę jaką spełnia rolnictwo w rozwiązywaniu problemu zatrudnienia na terenach wiejskich. Podkreślono także funkcje polityki rozwoju tych obszarów, tj. społeczną tradycyjnego rolnictwa opartą na zasobach lokalnych, wspieranie opłacalnych gospodarstw rolnych, rosnące znaczenie dywersyfikacji oraz pracochłonnych produktów o wysokim podatku VAT
Źródło:
Roczniki Naukowe Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu; 2013, 15, 5
1508-3535
2450-7296
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Naukowe Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Developments of employment by broad age-groups in Poland in the years 1998–2008. Do their determinants differ?
Autorzy:
Grabowska, Izabela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/418251.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
employment profiles
age groups
employment determinants
work ability.
Opis:
The latest Eurostat projections show that both population and labour force ageing change employment profiles by age in the European Union countries even in case of an increase in labour force participation and employment (The 2012 Ageing Report). My research question is how basic individual (such as age, education, household position, place of residence) and contextual characteristics (such as the business cycle and the regional labour market situation) influence on employment opportunities in Poland. I test whether the impact of different factors varies with age, which has been categorized to reflect different stages of the life course: youth and young adults (15–29 years old), prime aged (30–54 years old), and older workers (for women: 55–59, for men: 55–64). To answer the research question three types of multilevel logistic models were applied: (a) general models with age as one of the basic determinants, (b) models for each age group for non-agriculture and agriculture. The data used come from the Polish Labour Force Survey (BAEL) of the years 1998–2008 and regional labour market data. The analysis reveals that there are differences in influence of individual and context variables on employment odd ratios between age groups, sex and employment sectors.
Źródło:
Studia Demograficzne; 2014, 165, 1; 55-81
0039-3134
Pojawia się w:
Studia Demograficzne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Self-employment of Women in Azerbaijan
Autorzy:
Gomółka, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1633673.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-07
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Azerbaijan
Women
Wages
Self-employment
State Aid
Opis:
Azerbaijan has a population of more than 10 million, of which women accounted for 50% in 2020. At the same time, 93% of Azerbaijan's citizens describe themselves as Muslims. Since the beginning of independence, Azerbaijan has been a secular state by virtue of Article 48 of the Constitution, which guarantees the freedom of worship, choice, or nonpractice of religion and the freedom of expression of one's own views on religion. This article aims to assess the changes in the self-employment of women in Azerbaijan through a deductive analysis of data and observation of changes in the structure of resources based on generally available macroeconomic data. This study focuses on the situation of women on the Azerbaijani labour market over the two decades of the 21st century. The numbers of economically active women, including those in employment and the unemployed, and economically inactive women are specified. Further, the government's legal and financial policy in respect of women's self-employment is analysed. The author determines what percentage of companies were set up by women and in which sectors and locations.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2021, 25, 2; 171-190
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish Employment Law in the Face of Digitization and New Technologies
Autorzy:
Suknarowska-Drzewiecka, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2172256.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-16
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
employment relationship
digitisation
new technologies
employment via the digital platform
right to disconnect
teleworking
Opis:
The digital revolution, also called the fourth industrial revolution, constitutes another era of change, caused by the development of computerisation and modern technologies. It is characterised by rapid technological progress, widespread digitisation and an impact on all areas of life, including the provision of work. The changes affecting this area are so significant that there are proposals to remodel the definition of the employment relationship in the Labour Code. New forms of employment, which do not fit the conventional definition of an employment relationship, are emerging and gaining importance. An example could be employment via digital platforms. At the same time, there are also employment forms that do fit that definition, but deviate from the conventional understanding of the terms and conditions for performing work, which have undergone modification due to the use of new technologies. Teleworking, or working outside the employer’s premises, are examples of that. Employers get further opportunities to organise and control work, which often raises concerns due to the employee’s right to privacy, the protection of personal rights and personal data.
Źródło:
Contemporary Central and East European Law; 2019, 1 (133); 118-131
0070-7325
Pojawia się w:
Contemporary Central and East European Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Work productivity in the conditions of a-typical employment
Autorzy:
Dobrowolska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158787.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
work efficiency
a-typical employment
praxeology
Opis:
Work productivity is of crucial importance to all employers regardless of what solutions they use, traditional or flexible ones. Most human resource management programs are oriented on HR tools that are favourable for employee efficiency, and hence on organizational effectiveness and productivity. When examining different psychological variables that are relevant in psychology of work and organization, popularity and productivity prove to be vital, since this variable correlates with all the remaining psychological dimensions due to continuous and intensive search for ways to improve efficiency in the work place. This article presents the results of the research carried out on n=2118 a-typical employees.
Źródło:
Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2014, 2(8); 13-21
1730-0266
Pojawia się w:
Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the Employment Situation by the Visegrad Four Countries
Autorzy:
Liptak, Katalin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/639598.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
EMPLOYMENT POSITION
REGIONAL DISPARITIES
UNEMPLOYMENT
Opis:
My paper presents the employment situation by the Visegrad Four (V4) countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary) in the recent years. I have chosen the analysis of the employment policy, unemployment and the regional disparities because they have been more and more used in the economy and can be considered an actual question. The extensive economic literature deals with the role of the state it plays in the area of employment and revitalising demand in order to treat economic crisis; it also includes the probable benefits and drawbacks of the measures. My hypothesis states that the employment position of the Visegrad Four is different in the European Union relation, and in the V4 relations, its human resource position is weak, the level of employment is low, which is influenced by several factors and the four countries have different employment trends. The methodology of the paper is the analysis of available statistical data, the study and critical analysis of the situation.
Źródło:
Zarządzanie Publiczne; 2010, 3 (11); 47-56
2084-3968
Pojawia się w:
Zarządzanie Publiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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