Temat: Behavior - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Mindfullness – trening uważności wśród dzieci i młodzieży w profilaktyce cyberprzemocy
Mindfulness programs for children and adolescents to prevent cyberbullying
Autorzy:: Gregorek, Anna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/893710.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018-03-07
Wydawca:: Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:: cyberbullying
mindfulness
neuroscience
prevention
behavior
cyberprzemoc
uważność
neuronauka
profilaktyka
zachowanie
Opis:: The scale of the cyberbullying problem is big and disturbing. Attempts are being made to eliminate and reduce this issue by seeking effective preventive solutions. Based on her analysis of the literature on mindfulness, the author points to the enormous potential of mindfulness-based programs in preventing cyberbullying threats. Numerous studies confirm that the practice of mindfulness is an effective program in the fight against stress, pain, and even illness; it improves mental and physical well-being. Mindfulness practitioners become more compassionate, milder, empathetic, they cope better with difficult situations, use positive thinking and behavior patterns, achieve calmness and confidence, and make positive changes in interpersonal relationships.
Skala problemu zjawiska cyberprzemocyjest duża i niepokojąca. W celu jego wyeliminowania i ograniczenia podejmowane są próby szukania skutecznych rozwiązań profilaktycznych. Autorka dokonując analizy literatury związanej z mindfulnes wskazuje na ogromny potencjał programów opartych na uważności w profilaktyce zagrożeń cyberprzemocy. Liczne badania potwierdzają, że praktyka uważności jest skutecznym programem w walce ze stresem, bólem a nawet chorobą, wzmacnia psychiczne i fizyczne dobre samopoczucie. Osoby praktykujące uważność stają się bardziej współczujące, łagodniejsze, empatyczne, lepiej radzą sobie z sytuacjami trudnymi, stosują pozytywne wzorce myślenia i zachowania, zyskują spokój i pewność siebie a także wprowadzają pozytywne zmiany w relacjach międzyludzkich.
Źródło:: Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze; 2018, 566(1); 30-38
0552-2188
Pojawia się w:: Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Postawy i zachowania mieszkańców województwa pomorskiego wobec żywności ekologicznej
Attitudes and behavior of Pomeranian voivodship citizens towards organic food
Autorzy:: Śmiechowska, M.
Śmiejkowska, I.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/335753.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2006
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Maszyn Rolniczych
Tematy:: żywność ekologiczna
postawa
zachowanie
zakup
organic food
attitude
behavior
purchase
Opis:: W artykule omówiono wyniki badań ankietowych nad postawami i zachowaniem mieszkańców województwa pomorskiego wobec żywności ekologicznej. Celem badań było określenie wpływu czynników socjo-demograficznych i ekonomicznych na decyzje zakupu żywności ekologicznej. Jednym z czynników ograniczających rozwój rynku żywności ekologicznej jest niska świadomość ekologiczna społeczeństwa i brak wiedzy o roli i znaczeniu żywności ekologicznej.
The paper reports results of a questionnaire poll on attitudes and behavior of Pomeranian voivodship citizens towards organic food. The aim of this work was determination of influence of socio-demographic and economic factors on decisions to purchase organic food. One of the factors limiting growth of organic food market is low ecological awareness of society and lack of knowledge about the role and importance of organic food.
Źródło:: Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering; 2006, 51, 2; 190-198
1642-686X
2719-423X
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Factors influencing university students behavior in the moment of information about meat-safety hazard
Czynniki wpływające na zachowania studentów w momencie informacji o zagrożeniu bezpieczeństwa mięsa
Autorzy:: Radzymińska, Monika
Rosak, Mirosław
Jakubowska, Dominika
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2164248.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2011-12-15
Wydawca:: Ostrołęckie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:: zachowanie
studenci
zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa mięsa
behavior
students
meat safety hazards
Opis:: Celem badań było zbadanie relacji między percepcją ryzyka, redukcją ryzyka oraz prawdopodobieństwem nabycia mięsa w momencie informacji o zagrożeniu bezpieczeństwa mięsa wśród studentów. Stwierdzono, że zdrowie i motywy psychologiczne, gwarantowana jakość oraz cena mają najsilniejszy wpływ na decyzję zakupu mięsa w momencie informacji o zagrożeniu.
The aim of the study was to explore relation between risk perception, risk reduction and likelihood to purchase meat in the moment of information about meat-safety hazard among University Students. The results of this study reveal that health and psychology motives, quality assurance and price have the strongest impact on decision of the purchase of meat in the response to meat-safety hazards.
Źródło:: Zeszyty Naukowe Ostrołęckiego Towarzystwa Naukowego; 2011, Zeszyt, XXV; 591-600
0860-9608
Pojawia się w:: Zeszyty Naukowe Ostrołęckiego Towarzystwa Naukowego
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Psychological, social and environmental predictors of physical activity in Mexican adolescents
Psychologiczne, społeczne i środowiskowe czynniki wpływające na aktywność fizyczną u nastolatków meksykańskich
Autorzy:: Cocca, A.
Chmelik, F.
Cocca, M.
Verdugo, F.D.E.
Cuenca, L.T.R.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2052689.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017
Wydawca:: Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej
Tematy:: health
exercise
youth
environment
behavior
zdrowie
ćwiczenia
młodzież
środowisko
zachowanie
Opis:: Background. Sedentarism and Physical Activity (PA) are considered main components of people’s lifestyle and key indicators of health. Although they can be seen as opposite life conducts that reduce each other’s effects on health, no study has yet clarified the nature of their relation. However, both behaviors can be influenced by similar psychological, social, and environmental constructs. Material and methods. We selected 480 students (272 boys, 208 girls) from middle schools in the metropolitan area of Monterrey (Mexico), who filled in questionnaires on PA behaviors and social-environmental correlates through an online system. Results. Our outcomes highlighted overall low PA levels. Further, girls are more affected by their social environment, whereas physical environment barriers represent a fitting predictor of boys’ PA. Regardless of gender, PA engagement seems to be significantly determined by the level of enjoyment of sedentary behaviors. Conclusions. These results can help professionals in PA and health create gender-specific interventions targeting to raise youth’s PA levels by means of enhancing psychosocial and contextual features. Due to the lack of studies on psychological factors related to sedentary behaviors, our results could arouse attention on this issue and promote further research to better understand the processes beneath it.
Wprowadzenie. Siedzący tryb życia i aktywność fizyczna (AF) są postrzegane jako główne elementy życia ludzi i kluczowe wskaźniki zdrowia. Chociaż można je uznać za przeciwstawne i wzajemnie wykluczające się w kontekście zdrowia, literatura nie wyjaśniła jeszcze charakteru ich relacji. Oba te style życia mogą jednakże być ukształtowane przez podobne czynniki psychologiczne, społeczne i środowiskowe. Materiał i metody. W badaniu wzięło udział 480 uczniów (272 chłopców, 208 dziewcząt) z gimnazjów w Monterrey (Meksyk), którzy wypełniali kwestionariusze w systemie online dotyczące ich aktywności fizycznej i relacji społeczno-środowiskowych. Wyniki. Uzyskane wyniki wykazują ogólnie niski poziom aktywności fizycznej. Ponadto, okazuje się, iż otoczenie społeczne ma większy wpływ na zachowanie dziewcząt w zakresie kultury fizycznej, podczas gdy głównym czynnikiem oddziałującym na chłopców są ich ograniczenie fizyczne. Niezależnie od płci, zaangażowanie w uprawianie aktywności fizycznej jest znacząco ograniczane poziomem zadowolenia z siedzącego trybu życia. Wnioski. Niniejsze wyniki mogą pomóc profesjonalistom z dziedziny zdrowia publicznego i aktywności fizycznej w stworzeniu programów interwencyjnych skierowanych do poszczególnych płci, które mogłyby okazać się pomocne w podniesieniu poziomu aktywności fizycznej wśród młodzieży poprzez poprawę funkcji psychospołecznych i środowiskowych. Ze względu na brak badań nad czynnikami psychologicznymi związanymi z siedzącym trybem życia, nasze wyniki mogłyby zachęcić badaczy do podjęcia dalszych prac, mających na celu lepsze zrozumienie procesów wpływających na aktywność młodzieży.
Źródło:: Health Problems of Civilization; 2017, 11, 3; 125-134
2353-6942
2354-0265
Pojawia się w:: Health Problems of Civilization
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Karanie za odmienność (postępowanie policji z cyganami)
Punishment for difference: police regulation of gypsies
Autorzy:: Grönfors, Martti
Jasiński, Jerzy
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699212.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1985
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: kara
odmienność
postępowanie
policja
Cyganie
zachowanie
punishment
difference
Gypsies
procedure
behavior
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 1985, XII; 119-128
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Zmiany w traktowaniu przesądów i obyczajów (na przykładzie ukraińskiego wesela)
Autorzy:: Metelska, Kateryna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/630751.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:: superstition
custom
manipulation
society
behavior
przesąd/zabobon
obyczaj
manipulacja
społeczeństwo
zachowanie
Opis:: The article deals with the treatment of prejudices in society. Superstitions and customs play a controlling function in the society. The changes that have occurred in the evolution of societies, have changed their attitudes towards superstitions and customs. The purpose of the article is to present the relationship between superstitions and manipulation. Moreover, the author tries to analyze the human superstitious behavior and examine the changes that came about as a result of the disappearance of some superstitions, their transformation and the emergence of new ones. Seeing that the subject of superstitions is quite wide, the article presents examples and analysis of the selected superstitions from the author’s collections on the example of Ukrainian weddings.
Artykuł dotyczy traktowania przesądów w społeczeństwie. Przesądy i obyczaje pełnią w nim funkcję sterującą. Przemiany, które zaszły w toku ewolucji społeczeństw, zmieniły także ich stosunek do przesądów i obyczajów. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba przedstawienia związku pomiędzy manipulacją a zabobonem, a także analiza zachowań ludzi zabobonnych oraz zbadanie zmian w zachowaniach społeczności, które zaistniały wraz z zanikiem pewnych przesądów, ich przekształceniem lub z pojawieniem się nowych. Ponieważ tematyka przesądów jest dość szeroka, w artykule zostały wykorzystane przykłady wybranych przesądów ze zbiorów własnych na przykładzie ukraińskiego wesela.
Źródło:: Acta Humana; 2016, 7
2082-4459
Pojawia się w:: Acta Humana
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Tribological behavior of low-alloyed steel after nitriding
Autorzy:: Vicen, Martin
Bokůvka, Otakar
Nikolić, Ružica
Bronček, Jozef
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839516.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020
Wydawca:: Stowarzyszenie Menedżerów Jakości i Produkcji
Tematy:: low alloyed steels
nitriding
tribology
behavior
stale niskostopowe
azotowanie
trybologia
zachowanie
Opis:: The tribological properties of the nitride layer applied to the low-alloyed steel were investigated in this research. Experimental work included determination if the chemical composition, wear resistance, Rockwell, Vickers and nano-indentation tests, both of the substrate material – the low-alloyed steel and the deposited nitride layer. From the results obtained in those experiments authors concluded that applying the nitride layer does not significantly improve the tribological properties of the tested lowalloyed steel samples, thus this process is not recommended for achieving that purpose.
Źródło:: Production Engineering Archives; 2020, 26, 3; 78-83
2353-5156
2353-7779
Pojawia się w:: Production Engineering Archives
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Effects of social marketing on attitudes and behavior related to road traffic in Hanoi city
Autorzy:: Nhung, Ngo Thi Hong
Hai, Do Huu
Dung, Vu Tri
Thong, Le Ngoc
Trung, Pham Quang
Cuong, Nguyen Hung
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314064.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2023
Wydawca:: Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:: social marketing
attitude
behavior
road traffic
marketing społeczny
postawa
zachowanie
ruch drogowy
Opis:: Dangerous and risky actions while traveling on traffic routes that threaten the health, spirit and life of vehicle drivers and others. However, to raise community awareness, make them care about traffic safety behavior takes time and influence attitudes to create behavior change in a sustainable way. Research based on Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior [1, 2] and the theory of social marketing was conducted to identify the factors influencing the road traffic attitudes and behaviors of people in Hanoi and the degrees of their influence. The results show that road traffic attitudes are affected, in descending order, by partnership, resources, distribution, promotion, price, product, and public. The road traffic behavior of people is determined, in descending order, by age, moderator variables (the law and the validity of the law and weather), attitude, and education level. Based on the results, several recommendations to government officials and policymakers have been made.
Źródło:: Transport Problems; 2023, 18, 1; 193--202
1896-0596
2300-861X
Pojawia się w:: Transport Problems
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Wpływ prenatalnego narażenia miedzią na ośrodkowy układ dopaminergiczny u dorosłych szczurów
Effect of prenatal copper exposure on the central dopaminergic system in adult rats
Autorzy:: Szkilnik, Ryszard
Kliber, Michał
Nowak, Przemysław
Jośko, Jadwiga
Bojanek, Kamila
Adwent, Marta
Kórössy, Eva
Brus, Halina
Brus, Ryszard
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1039996.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2009
Wydawca:: Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach
Tematy:: miedź
ośrodkowy układ dopaminergiczny
zachowanie
szczury
copper
central dopaminergic system
behavior
rats
Opis:: BACKGROUND The effect of prenatal exposition of rats with copper on its level in the newborns’ organs and central dopaminergic system activity in adult rats was examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pregnant rats during entire time of pregnancy drank water with cupprum sulfuricum (CuSO4) where concentration of metal was 100 ppm. Control rats drank the water only without cuprum. After delivery water with metal was substituted with water only, and newborns stayed with their mothers till 21st day of life, then separated. In newborn copper content was estimated in the brain, liver and kidney. In adult rats the level of biogenic amines was measured in the brain and some behavioral studies were performed such as oral activity, stereotyped and yawning behavior, using central dopamine receptor agonists (SKF 38393, apomorphine, 7-OH-DPAT). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Exposition of rats during intrauteral development (prenatal) with copper caused significant increase concentration examined metal in the brain, liver and kidney of newborn rats. In adult rats significant decrease of dopamine in the striatum was noticed in the rats pretreated with copper. Beside increase reactivity of the central dopamine D1 receptor reactivity was observed, and manifested by increased oral activity after SKF 38393 and stereotyped behavior after apomorphine apply. Additionally decreased reactivity of the central dopamine D3 receptor was manifested by decreased yawning behavior after 7-OH-DPAT injection. From above we concluded that copper can be one of the environmental agent which can affected of the central dopaminergic system in mammalians.
WSTĘP Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu ekspozycji miedzią szczurzyc w trakcie ciąży na zawartość metalu w tkankach noworodków a także na funkcję ośrodkowego układu dopaminergicznego u dorosłego potomstwa. MATERIAŁ I METODY Ciężarne samice przez cały okres ciąży piły wodę z dodatkiem siarczanu miedzi (CuSO4) w stężeniu metalu 100 ppm. Kontrolne szczurzyce piły wodę bez metalu. Z chwilą urodzenia roztwór miedzi zamieniano na wodę. Noworodki pozostawały z matkami do 21 dnia życia. U noworodków oznaczono zawartość miedzi w mózgu, wątrobie i nerkach. U dorosłych potomnych szczurów płci męskiej wykonano oznaczenia zawartości amin biogennych w mózgu oraz oceniono zachowanie jak aktywność ruchową pyska, stereotypię apomorfinową i liczbę ziewnięć, spontaniczną jak też po podaniu agonistów ośrodkowych receptorów dopaminowych (SKF 38393, apomorfi na, 7-OH-DPAT). WYNIKI I WNIOSKI Prenatalna ekspozycja szczurów miedzią spowodowała znaczny wzrost zawartości metalu w mózgu, wątrobie i nerkach w porównaniu z kontrolą. U dorosłych szczurów narażonych w okresie rozwoju śródmacicznego na miedź wykazano obniżenie zawartości dopaminy w prążkowiu oraz wzrost reaktywności receptorów dopaminowych D1 manifestujący się nasileniem aktywności ruchowej pyska po podaniu SKF 38393 i nasileniem zachowania stereotypowego po podaniu apomorfiny oraz obniżenie reaktywności receptorów dopaminowych D3 manifestujące się zmniejszeniem liczby ziewnięć po podaniu 7-OH-DPAT. Z powyższego wynika, że narażenia (ekspozycja) miedzią w okresie rozwoju śródmacicznego prowadzi do kumulacji metalu w tkankach noworodków a także trwałego zaburzenia funkcji ośrodkowego układu dopaminergicznego u ssaków.
Źródło:: Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis; 2009, 63, 6; 7-14
1734-025X
Pojawia się w:: Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Lived Experiences of Companions of COVID-19 Patients Admitted to COVID-19 Hospitals: a Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Doświadczenia bliskich pacjentów z COVID-19 przyjętych do szpitali pandemicznych: retrospektywne badanie przekrojowe
Autorzy:: Abdulah, Deldar Morad
Mirza, Abbas Muhammed Sadiq
Hassan, Zeravan Asaad
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31341064.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2024
Wydawca:: Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II
Tematy:: satisfaction
mental health
environment
communication
behavior
zadowolenie
zdrowie psychiczne
środowisko
komunikacja
zachowanie
Opis:: Background. Due to the lack of evidence, the positive and negative experiences of companions of COVID-19 patients during their communication with medical staff in COVID-19 hospitals were explored. Material and methods. This research study encompassed a cross-sectional analysis of 437 companions of COVID-19 patients. Results. The patients’ diseases were: mild (34.55%), moderate (27.92%), severe (20.14%), and critical (17.39%). The most prevalent comorbidities were cardiovascular disease (16.7%), obesity (16.48%), endocrine and metabolic disorders (14.42%), and smoking (13.73%). Out of the total of 437 patients included in the study, 23.80% died. The study revealed that 79.63% and 71.40% of companions had regular communication with the medical staff, and received relevant and sufficient information about the patients’ medical conditions, respectively. Regarding mental health, 34.55% of companions reported fear of COVID-19 infection at the hospitals, and 66.59% expressed fear of patients’ death. A considerable percentage had conflicts with medical staff. They expressed satisfaction with the healthcare and treatment and were informed and medical staff were available on need. The hospital environment was quiet, but not in terms of psychological well-being. Conclusions. Most companions were satisfied with treatment procedures at the COVID-19 hospitals, but a percentage were affected by ambient noise and other patients’ fear.
Wprowadzenie. Biorąc pod uwagę brak stosownych danych, przyjrzano się pozytywnym oraz negatywnym doświadczeniom bliskich towarzyszących pacjentom chorującym na COVID-19 przyjętych do szpitali zajmujących się leczeniem tej choroby w kontekście komunikacji z pracownikami ochrony zdrowia zatrudnionymi w tych szpitalach. Materiał i metody. Opracowanie stanowi przekrojową analizę przeprowadzoną na próbie bliskich 437 pacjentów chorujących na COVID-19. Wyniki. Przyjmowani pacjenci cierpieli na łagodną (34,55%), umiarkowaną (27,92%), ciężką (20,14%) i krytyczną (17,39%) postać choroby. Najczęściej występującymi chorobami współistniejącymi wśród pacjentów były choroby układu krążenia (16,7%), otyłość (16,48%), zaburzenia endokrynologiczne i metabolizmu (14,42%) oraz uzależnienie od tytoniu (13,73%). Spośród 437 pacjentów objętych badaniem 23,80% zmarło. Wyniki badań wskazują, że 79,63% bliskich pacjentów regularnie kontaktowało się z pracownikami ochrony zdrowia, 71,40% otrzymywało stosowne i wyczerpujące informacje na temat ich stanu zdrowia. Z punktu widzenia zdrowia psychicznego, 34,55% respondentów wspomniało o obawach przed zakażeniem COVID-19 w szpitalach, 66,59% obawiało się śmierci przyjętych do szpitali pacjentów. Znaczący odsetek bliskich pacjentów wszedł w różne konflikty z personelem szpitali. Ponadto respondenci opisywali zadowolenie z opieki, jaką szpitale otoczyły pacjentów oraz z zastosowanego leczenia, a także z dostępności pracowników ochrony zdrowia w razie potrzeby. Spokój i cisza panująca w szpitalach nie sprzyjała dobrostanowi psychicznemu badanych. Wnioski. Większość bliskich pacjentów była zadowolona ze sposobu leczenia stosowanego w szpitalach zajmujących się COVID-19, jednak część z nich doświadczyła hałasu w otoczeniu oraz odczuwała wpływ strachu i lęku innych pacjentów.
Źródło:: Health Problems of Civilization; 2024, 18, 1; 43-54
2353-6942
2354-0265
Pojawia się w:: Health Problems of Civilization
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Spożycie napojów alkoholowych w Polsce w 1985 r. Część I: Wzory zachowań
Consumption of alcohol in Poland in 1985. Part I: Patterns of behaviour)
Autorzy:: Jasiński, Jerzy
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699265.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1989
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: zachowanie
konsumpcja
alkohol
prawo karne
uzależnienie
behavior
consumption
alcohol
criminal law
addiction
Opis:: THE SURVEYS Two consecutive alcohol consumption surveys were carried out in Poland in 1980 and 1985. In both of them quota samples of population 16 years of age and over were used, and the sizes of the samples were 1972 and 1808 respectively. The surveys were sponsored by the Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology which is responsible for funding research on a broad range of topics related to alcohol, its effects, use and misuse. The fieldwork was carried our by specially trained interviewers of the Centre for Public Opinion Survey and Programme studies of the state Committee for Radio and TV in Warsaw, a well established public opinion poll institute working already for more than 30 years. The majority of items included in the questionnaires used in each survey were identical, only some were altered, dropped entirely, or substituted for by other formulations. The preliminary part of both questionnaires concerned the relations of the respondents with other people. This was followed by a group of several questions related to the last drinking occasion: place and company of drinking, kind and amount of alcohol consumed, and the reason for drinking. In the 1985 survey more detailed information on the last occasion of drinking was collected, viz. separate questions were asked in relation to the last occasion of consumption of spirits and that of the consumption of wine, as well as on the duration of these occasions. The persons who had not consumed alcohol during the twelve months preceding the interview were asked whether they had ever drunk before, and what the reasons were for their being teetotallers. All the respondents were requested to tell about their pleasant and unpleasant experiences with alcohol, and whether alcohol helped them or caused trouble in some situations listed in the questionnaire, and pertaining to their social and professional life. Apart from that, the respondents were asked to express their approval or disapproval of several statements concerning good and bad consequences of drinking. In this part of the questionnaire, in the 1985 survey several alterations were introduced in comparison with the former survey. What remained unchanged in the questions were those on being victimized during the last twelve months while drunk, or by a drunk person. The questions on drinking in excess or more often than desired, or binge drinking-asked in the 1980 survey - were replaced in the 1985 survey by questions forming the CAGE questionnaire. Other questions asked in both surveys concerned the consumption of moonshine alcohol and drinking at work. The concluding part of the questionnaires was designed to obtain information on the respondents age, sex, education, place of residence, kind of work, etc. In the above surveys, the-last-occasion approach was applied in order to estimate the size and the pattern of alcohol intake by the respondents. This approach is adopted in the majority of Polish alcohol consumption surveys, following the example of a Finnish researcher P. Kuusi. Both surveys were carried out in mid-September, i.e. after-summer holidays, during a normal working month, without any important religious or national festivities, which would have changed to some extent the ordinary drinking practices. THE BEVERAGES During the years 1980-1985, the size of the apparent consumption of alcoholic beverages changed considerably. According to the official data derived from the statistics on sales of commodities, in 1980 the per capita consumption amounted to 8.4 litres of pure alcohol, of which 71 per cent was drunk in spirits,15 per cent- in wine, and 14 per cent -in beer. The 1985 figures were: 6,8 litres, 67, 15 and 18 per cent respectively. It looks as if the total consumption decreased substantially (by 19 per cent), but the structure of beverages consumed remained fairly stable. However , according to the opinion shared by the majority of specialists on the subject, the drop in the officially recorded consumption was associated with a marked increase in moonshine alcohol, which resulted in raising the total consumption to at least the 1980 level. The results of the survey seem to support this assertion. The per capita self-reported consumption of alt alcoholic beverages amounted to 5.6 and 5,9 litres of pure alcohol in 1980, and 1985 respectively. Thus, instead of the 1985 drop, a slight increase occurred (by 5 per cent). Moreover, while. the self-reported consumption of the majority of the beverages remained stable a large increase was noted in the home-made beverages: the illegally distilled moonshine alcohol (spirits) and the legally made fruit wine. The consumption of moonshine spirits was in 1985 higher than that in 1980 by 130 per cent and the consumption of fruit wine was higher by 60 per cent. In1985,one-scventh of all alcoholic beverages consumed were home-made, while in 1980 - only one-thirteenth. As a result, the share of spirits in the total amount of alcohol consumed – whether legally or illegally distilled in 1985 exceeded the 71 per cent level of 1980. Between the years 1980 and 1985 the proportion of consumers of fruit wine and spirits within the population remained stable, and that of other beverages increased. In particular, the number of those who drank moonshine spirits doubled. With the exception of fruit wine drunk in 1985 by nearly one-third of men as well as women 16 years of age and over, other beverages were consumed by far more men than women. This was particularly the case as regards beer which was drunk by 70 per cent of men and only 20 per cent of women, and moonshine spirits which were drunk by 30 per cent of men and 11 per cent of women. Spirits, which in Poland means mostly vodka, were consumed by 85 per cent of men and 62 per cent of women, and wine by 46 and 39 per cent respectively. FREQUENCY AND AMOUNT The-last-occasion approach adopted in the surveys consists not only in asking the respondents of how much and of how long ago they had drunk for the last time each of, the alcoholic beverages enumerated in the questionnaire, but also in assuming that the occasions reported were typical for the ways the respondents drank. Frequency of drinking depends heavily, among other things, on the kind of' beverage. In the Polish culture, wine is the less frequently drunk alcoholic beverage. Two-thirds of its consumers drink it at most once a month, and half of all its consumers - at most once every three months. Home-made fruit wine is being drunk even less often. Only one in five or six wine consumers drink it once a week or more often. The consumers of spirits seem to be divided into two distinct groups, one formed by occasional drinkers (at most once a month) and the other by frequent drinkers (several times a month or even several times a week). The first group consists of one-third, and the other one of more than half of all spirits drinkers. One in five of them drinks spirits several times a week. Most evenly distrributed on the frequency scale of drinking were the consumers of beer. Nearly as many drank it every day, every week, every month or every three months. Similar picture emerges in respect of the amount drunk on one occasion. Regardless of the beverage, most consumers drink small quantities only. But there are also heavy drinkers who consume on one occasion at least a quarter of a litre of spirits, one litre of wine or more than one litre of beer. Those drinkers constituted one in five of spirits' consumers, even one in two of moonshine spirits consumers, and one in five of wine or beer consumers, less heavy drinkers are only among home-made fruit wine drinkers (one in ten). The information concerning the frequency of drinking and the amount of alcohol consumed makes it possible to separate four patterns of drinking: heavy and frequent, heavy and infrequent, moderate and frequent, moderate and infrequent. Among consumers of different beverages, the group of persons drinking moderately and infrequently was the most numerous particularly as regards the consumers of wine, and smaller degree the consumers of spirits and moonshine spirits, and to the smallest degree-the consumers of beer. Also the group of persons drinking heavily and infrequently were relatively numerous, apart from consumers of beer, among whom the second most numerous group was that of persons drinking moderately and frequently. Every fourth or fifth consumer of beer, every seventh consumer of home-made frit wine drank much and frequently. As regards persons, who drank any two of the above-mentioned beverages, a convergence of their drinking parents could be noticed which consisted in the following regularity: if one of the beverages was consumed according to one of the patterns, the other beverage was generally also consumed according to the same pattern. The above results were very similar in both surveys. However, in the 1985survey, a slight shift towards greater concentration of consumption could be noticed. One of the effects of drinking alcohol, and for some consumers probably also one of the aims of drinking, is to get drunk. Using the information from the 1985 survey on such factors as the kind and amount of beverages consumed, the duration of the drinking occasion, and the sex and weight of the respondent, the blood alcohol concentration was estimated for every drinking occasion reported. In about one quarter of drinking occasion this estimate could not be done due to the lack of some of the necessary data, most often that of the weight of the respondents. Only one in every five events of drinking spirits and one in three events of drinking wine have not caused a rise in blood alcohol concentration above the physiological level of 0,2 per mille. Getting drunk, i. e. overstepping the blood alcohol concentration of 1.5 per mille, occurred in 13 per cent of incidents of drinking spirits, 7 per cent of drinking wine, and 5 per cent of drinking home-made fruit wine. If related to the total number of drinking occasion of the above beverages this means that in Poland every day about 600 thousand persons would get drunk. Persons getting drunk were significantly more numerous among men than women, and as far as men are concerned among young (up to 40 years of age), less educated, blue-collar workers describing themselves as non-believers or non-worshiping believers. Among women only those who felt to be better off than average would drink significantly more often than others. DRINKING OCCASION One of the characteristic features of drinking alcohol in Poland is using the existing occasions or inventing them. Alcohol happens to be drunk in order to celebrate such events as family festivities (like name-days or birthdays), religious ceremonies (like baptism, confirmation or - in particular - wedding), national holidays, government ceremonies (like opening a factory, a museum'' new railway station or a bridge), other happy events (tike winning a match by a favourite soccer team, passing important examinati.ons by the son or daughter, their entrance to the high school or the university). Drinking occasion may be called for while looking for some comfort caused by losing a march by a favourite soccer team a set-back at work, or misfortune in personal matters. Alcohol is served and drunk in order to show hospitality, to emphasize the importance of a guest or an unusual, lofty, or particular character of the meeting, etc. This list could be easily extended, but it does not seen necessary as its aim is only to show that drinking alcoholic beverages - probably with the exception of beer only – is perceived as an event calling for special justification. This justification should not be equated with causes of drinking, deeply rooted and often not understood and realized clearly by the person in question. Therefore, the justification for drinking provides an insight not so much into the reasons of drinking as into its cultural context. Using the information on the kind and amount of alcohol drunk, on the place of drinking, character of the occasion, and, in the 1985 survey, also on the duration of the drinking incidence, three main types of spirits and wine consumption occasions were distinguished: a family celebration, a friendly social meeting, and a drinking-for-purpose event. The family celebration comprised nearly half of all drinking occasions described in the replies of the respondents. These occasions lasted longer than others, namely about 4 to 5 hours, with many persons taking part, the amount of alcohol drunk was smaller by half than the average amount and in more than 90 per cent of cases they took place in private quarters. The friends-meeting social type of drinking occasions were less numerous, they comprised about one-third of the total number of the last occasions reported. Half of them occurred in friends appartments, one-fourth on the respondents flats, and one in seven in a bar or restaurant. The meeting lasted about 2-3 hours, and the amount of spirits or wine drunk was somewhat larger than the average. Most often 4 to 5 persons took part in these encounters. One in five of the last occasions described by the respondents was of the drinking-for-purpose type. The most often stated justification for such a drinking occasion was that ,,it just happened this way" or ,,without any special reason, and the second in the row was that the drinking tock place in order to handle some business which made it necessary to have a drink’’. These occasions lasted usually l-2 hours and the company consisted of about 3-4 persons. Most often the meeting took place in a bar or a restaurant at work; relatively rarely in private appartments, and occasionally in a park or another commonly frequented place. Persons drinking on these type of occasions consumed twice as much alcohol as the average. The types and characteristics of drinking occasions did not change between 1980 and 1985; only few exceptions were noted, such as those with more alcohol drunk in private apartments and less in bars and restaurants. The same types of drinking occasions were fund in respect of consumption of spirits and wine, only home-made fruit wine did not seem to be drunk ,,for purpose’’ DRINKING AT WORK One of the special features of drinking practices in Poland is the consumption of alcohol at work. It takes place against the provisions of the labour law and in some circumstances also against criminal law. Every few years the authorities launch a campaign against drinking at work only to learn that it brings about temporary results. In order to understand the reasons for limited effects of such endeavours a closer look at a socialist enterprise is necessary' fn a state-controlled economy, a socialist enterprise is not. only a place where employees provide work in order to produce some commodities or services. One of the Polish leading sociologists described such an enterprise as a combination of an industrial plant, an office, and charity. Its peculiar social life stems from all the above factors, and it is only against this background that an appraisal of the data on drinking at work can be made. The 1980 survey revealed that two of every three respondents employed in the state-owned enterprises and offices had in the course of the last year prior to the interview drunk alcohol while at work. The results of the 1985 survey were markedly different since the affirmative answers to the question of drinking at work was given by one in every two such respondents. On the assumption of the last occasion approach an attempt was made at amount of drinking events at work. The numbers of such events in1980 and 1985 were 14.6 and 7.3 per one employee respectively. It seems to be a marked decrease, but is has to be seen whether it will be a lasting one. Drinking at work seems to be very common also in another respect. When looping at the characteristics of the consumer of alcohol at work they correspond closely to the characteristics of all drinking persons. The justification for drinking at work is very similar to that described above, only the family celebration and friends-meeting social types seen to merge into one. In 1980 nearly half, and in 1985 one-third the persons who drank at work did it while celebrating name-days or birthdays. One in five of those who drank at work did it ,,with no special reason" or because alcohol was offered by somebody, which corresponds to the drinking-for-purpose type. ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE Alcohol dependence is a very complex concept and it is debatable whether tackling it in a survey research can produce conclusive results. In the 1985 survey it was approached by means of one of the questionnaires used by medical practitioners. After reviewing several of such questionnaires, like MAST, SMAST, CAGE, MALT, Reich, the CAGE questionnaire was selected as the most suitable, among other things, because of its brevity. A common feature of all the above instruments is that they are in fact screening tests, and their aim is to spot out in a pool of patients those who might have an alcohol problem. These patients are referred afterwards to a qualified specialist for a proper examination and diagnosis. The use of such a questionnaire in a survey conducted in a general population is an extention of its application far beyond the limits of its original design, because in such a situation it is expected to provide a final ,,diagnosis" instead of pointing to persons suspected of being addicted to alcohol. In the circumstances both the sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaire become of utmost importance. The low specificity of the CAGE questionnaire makes it impossible to estimate- within the known limits of errors - the size of the group of alcohol dependent persons in the general population because a number of persons likely to be classified on its basis as being alcohol dependent in fact are not dependent. The size of the latter (i. e. those incorrectly classified as alcohol dependent) is partly a function of the size of the group of the alcohol dependent in the general population. The percentage of respondents who in the 1985 survey said ,,yes" to al1 the four questions of the CAGE questionnaire was 4.4, to three questions - 11.8, to two questions - I2.1, and to one question - 15.1. The results of the previous applications of the CAGE test show that four ,,yes" answers to the questionnaire questions were given only by alcohol dependent persons, and no such answers were given by persons not dependent. Hence it can be assumed that in the cases of all four ,,yes" answers one deals with alcohol dependent persons, without fear of making a serious error. As to the persons who gave three ,,yes" answers) one can assume among them a higher cumulation of alcohol dependent persons, and as regards those who said ,ryes" to two questions it can be hypothesised that there are few such persons among them. On the basis of the results obtained, the probable number of persons in 1985 in Poland in the age group of 16 years and over, who were alcohol dependent, has been estimated as somewhat higher than number of persons who said ,,yes’’ to all the four questions in the CAGE questionnaire, i. e. approximately 1,500 000, the error limits of this estimate, unfortunately, cannot be specified. The persons who gave a higher number of ,,yes’’ answers to the test questions drank largel quantities of alcohol. More answers of this kond were given by men, middle-aged persons and elderly (but not old), living in villages, not well-off, non-worshipping believers and non-believers. THE ABSTAINERS AND TEETOTALLERS Abstainers are referred to here as those who do not drink a particular alcoholic beverage, and teetotalers as those who according to themselves do not drink alcohol at all (1980 survey) or who did not consume alcohol during the last twelve months prior to the interview. Only 25 per cent of the respondents abstained from drinking spirits, about 25 per cent-from wine, 58 per cent (in 1980)and 50 per cent (in 1985)-from beer, 70 per cent (in 1980) and 64 per cent (in1985)-from home-made fruit wine, and 89 per cent (in 1980) and 79 per cent (in 1985)-from moonshine spirits. The were 14.8 per cent teetotalers in 1980 and 16.1 per cent in 1985, however, the difference in those percentages is statistically insignificant. In general population the fraction of teetotalers is probably a few points higher because in both the 1980 and 1985 samples the persons aged 16-19 and 60 and more, namely those among whom the non-drinkers are most numerous, were underrepresented. Less than half of the teetotalers never drank alcohol and the share of those who stopped drinking increased between the years 1980 and 1985. This result would have looked promising were it not for the reasons for not drinking given by the respondents. Most often old age, poor health, lack of money, and similar justification were offered, and only one in seven non-drinking alcohol respondent mentioned that drinking alcohol would interfere with his studies or work, or against his beliefs or cherished values. Also the social characteristics of teetotalers give reason for worry: among these overrepresented are very young and elderly, women, poorly educated, blue-collar workers, poor-in general those who belong to the lower social strata of the population. To be a teetotaler in Poland is unenviable.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 1989, XVI; 7-100
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:: Supporting factors and factory employee’s behaviour in the use of public transportation mode in Jakarta
Autorzy:: Herdiansyah, Herdis
Edyson, Hudy Prabowo
Mangkara, Sessario Bayu
Hindami, Zulfahmi Ilman
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/374954.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:: behavior
public transportation
employee
overtime
Jakarta
zachowanie
transport publiczny
pracownik
godziny nadliczbowe
Opis:: The tendency for people in Jakarta to use public transportation is still relatively low. A study from Jabodetabek Transportation Management Agency shows that only 24 percent of road users chose public land transportation modes (Transjakarta bus and train) from a total of 47.5 million trips in Jabodetabek by 2015. Public transportation trips in Jabodetabek are all people's journeys or the journey to employee work destination located in buffer towns around Jakarta. Employees are among the elements of society that use public transportation. The economic conditions of factory employees that encourage them to work overtime cause differences in attitudes between factory employees and office employees toward using public transportation modes. This study aims to determine the factors that encourage factory employees to choose the mode of transportation to the workplace and analyze their attitude toward using public transportation mode. The results show that the number of factory employees who prefer public transportation mode is still little. However, their potential to move into public transportation is substantial due to the belief in the commitment of the Jakarta government to fixing the public transportation system. Most factory employees also agree that public transport can reduce congestion in Jakarta. There is a need to apply a strategy of the transit development (TOD) to reach public places and places of work.
Źródło:: Transport Problems; 2019, 14, 1; 127-139
1896-0596
2300-861X
Pojawia się w:: Transport Problems
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:: Factors related to motorcycling performance of the elderly: a case study of Khi Lek subdistrict, Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand
Autorzy:: Boonkhao, Laksanee
Wintachai, Pirawan
Pongaree, Supasinee
Rattanachaikunsopon, Pongsak
Baukeaw, Warisin
Kaewsuk, Wannee
Saenrueang, Thitima
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314666.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2023
Wydawca:: Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:: motorcycling performance
elderly
driving
behavior
Thailand
osiągi motocyklowe
osoby starsze
jazda
zachowanie
Tajlandia
Opis:: Thailand had a decline in traffic fatalities even though the estimate is only approximate. This study aims to examine the factors related to the motorcycling riding performance of 69 motorcyclists aged 60 and older in Khi Lek Subdistrict, Muang District, Ubon Ratchathani Province. Data were collected from interviews on driving behavior with the participants and their driving performance from the tests modeled on the Thai driving license test. Fisher’s Exact Test was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the elderly exhibited good motorcycle driving behavior (91.30 %); however, their riding ability was at the level of “need to be improved” (85.51%). They showed poor performance on the reflex test (72.46%) and the depth perception test (69.57%). The tests the participants passed were the color blindness test (100%) and the peripheral vision test (61.82%). This study also found that the average daily motorcycle driving distance (p-value = 0.045) and motorcycle driving experience (p-value = 0.036) of the older motorcycle riders were determined to be statistically significant factors. The findings are useful for responsible organizations to decide on road safety policies to lower the risks of accidents involving elderly motorcycle riders in Thailand. They could consider revoking lifetime driver’s licenses, providing training to promote safe driving techniques, and taking into account how the elderly’s riding performance is correlated to their average daily driving distance and driving experience.
Źródło:: Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska; 2023, 120; 37--49
0209-3324
2450-1549
Pojawia się w:: Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 14.

Tytuł:: Leadership styles and managerial behavior in Romanian companies
Style przywództa i zachowania zarządcze w rumuńskich firmach
Autorzy:: Guluta, M. C.
Rusu, C.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/405340.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Politechnika Częstochowska
Tematy:: style
leadership
decision
influence
conflict
communication
behavior
styl
decyzja
wpływ
konflikt
komunikacja
zachowanie
organizacja
Opis:: The article aims to investigate the managers’ leadership styles in the North-Eastern Romanian companies. The research is based on the questionnaire method, where 50 managers were questioned on how they communicate decisions and set conflicts in their companies. The collected data have been analysed from different angles of statistical methods in order to bring forward managers’disimulated behaviors. Additionally, it presented the potential correlations between the leadership styles and implementation. It was showed that managers act dictatorially in decision communication and make compromises in disputes with employees. From the results of the research it was also argued that managers have a dissimulated behavior and provided desirable answers.
Celem artykułu jest zbadanie wiodących stylów menedżerów w północno-wschodnich firmach Rumunii. Badanie opiera się na metodzie kwestionariuszowej, gdzie 50 menedżerów było pytanych o to, jak komunikują decyzje i rozwiązują konflikty w swoich firmach. Zgromadzone dane zostały przeanalizowane pod różnymi kątami z wykorzystaniem metod statystycznych w celu uchwycenia udawanych zachowań menedżerów. Dodatkowo przedstawiono potencjalne korelacje między wiodącymi stylami i ich stosowaniem w praktyce. Wykazano, że menedżerowie działają w sposób dyktatorski w komunikowaniu decyzji i osiągają kompromisy w sporach z pracownikami. Na podstawie wyników badań stwierdzono również, że menedżerowie wykazują udawane zachowania i dostarczają oczekwanych odpowiedzi.
Źródło:: Polish Journal of Management Studies; 2016, 13, 2; 69-80
2081-7452
Pojawia się w:: Polish Journal of Management Studies
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 15.

Tytuł:: Dekompozycja systemu sterowania robota-kasjera
Decomposition of the robot-cashier control system
Autorzy:: Kornuta, T.
Zieliński, C.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/277190.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2011
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
Tematy:: robot kasjer
system sterowania
zachowanie
aktywna wizja
robot cashier
control system
behavior
active vision
Opis:: W artykule przedstawiono formalną metodę specyfkacji systemów sterowania na przykładzie robota kasjera. Robot ten wykorzystuje aktywną wizję do realizacji swoich zadań. Aktywna wizja polega na wykonywaniu ruchów kamerą w celu aktywnego pozyskiwania informacji o otoczeniu. W tym konkretnym przypadku rozpoznawane są kody kreskowe na opakowaniach znajdujących się na ladzie.
The paper presents a formal method of specifcation of control systems on the example of a robot cashier. The idea of this controller was based on the active vision paradigm. Its aim is to analyze selected scene fragments, in this case in order to identify the object by reading its barcode. The specifcation contains a set of diverse, but simple, behaviors which when integrated create a controller capable of realizing the robot's goal.
Źródło:: Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka; 2011, 15, 2; 41-48
1427-9126
Pojawia się w:: Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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