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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 28
Tytuł:
The 2014 European Parliamentary Elections in Slovenia: Hardly and Novelty
Autorzy:
Krašovec, Alenka
Deželan, Tomaž
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514413.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
Tematy:
Slovenia
European Parliament
elections
Euroscepticism
Opis:
In the article the main characteristics of the European Parliament elections in 2014 in relation to the characteristics of the both previous elections to the Parliament were analysed. First, the legal framework is presented, followed by the presentation of candidate lists. As it is frequently the case, the authors for the analysis employed the analytical framework presented by Reif and Schmitt (1980). Following the framework, it is obvious the elections in Slovenia again demonstrated many elements of the second-order elections framework, for example in terms of the turnout, success of the governmental parties, success of small parties, as well as almost complete absence of party programmes, Euroscepticism and European topics in the campaign. Since several important domestic events happened just before the EP elections (e.g. resignation of the government at the beginning of May and the fact the leader of the biggest opposition party was by the court found guilty of corruption activity and sent to the prison at the end of April) such developments did not come as a big surprise.
Źródło:
Political Preferences; 2014, 9; 77-96
2449-9064
Pojawia się w:
Political Preferences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
European Elections National Agenda: Facebook in the 2019 Romanian EP Elections
Autorzy:
Ţăran, Flavia
Ormenișan, Alexandra Cătălina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1111608.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-09
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Komunikacji Społecznej
Tematy:
European Parliament
elections
Romania
Facebook
Opis:
Politicians and political campaigns are not inadvertent to the development of social media platforms as environments that allow access to a larger audience. Not relying solely on the traditional media as a mouthpiece for their messages and taking matters into their own hands offers new segues for analyzing political communication. However, not all elections are of equal interest, both for the electorate and for the candidates, as second-order election theory suggests (Reif & Schmitt, 1980; Hix & Marsh, 2004). Th is paper investigates the area situated at the intersection of these two research directions. This quantitative study aims to analyze how Romanian political parties and candidates used Facebook in the electoral campaign for the European Parliament, in May 2019. The study follows the correlation between Facebook metrics, like frequency of posts and the popularity of the pages, and the political agendas refl ected in each party’s Facebook posts. The conclusions are consistent with second-order elections theory, but raise questions about the dependable nature of Facebook metrics.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Communication; 2020, 13, 1(25); 55-76
1899-5101
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Communication
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Positioning Strategies of Polish Political Parties in the 2014 European Parliament Election
Autorzy:
Cichosz, Marzena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514385.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
Tematy:
positioning
political parties
elections
European Parliament
Opis:
The article concerns an analysis of the types of positioning an electoral agenda adopted by the Polish political parties during the political campaign before the elections to the European Parliament in 2014. Positioning the electoral offer has been treated as one of the main elements of the electoral strategies of political parties, as the way of defining their electoral goals and identifying their strengths and weaknesses as well as opportunities and threats. The scope of analysis assumes main Polish political parties represented in the Polish parliament in the years 2011 - 2014 and additionally the party that managed to cross the entry barrier into the parliamentary market in the EP election in 2014.
Źródło:
Political Preferences; 2014, 9; 167-179
2449-9064
Pojawia się w:
Political Preferences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Posłowie debiutanci w Sejmie VII, VIII i IX kadencji. Przyczynek do analizy zjawiska wymiany partyjnych elit
Debut Members of Parliament in the Sejm of 7th, 8th and 9th term. The contribution for the analysis of the phenomenon of the party circulation of elite
Autorzy:
Lewandowski, Arkadiusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2190942.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
partia polityczna
posłowie debiutanci
parlament
Sejm
wybory
partia w parlamencie.
political party
debut Members of Parliament
parliament
elections
the party in a parliament
Opis:
Parliamentary representation of political parties is nowadays becoming an important field of activity of every grouping. Members of Parliament, following the standards of party charters, become an element of party elite, holding the official positions in collegiate organs. Personal changes in the parliament then mean changes in the party elite. The goal of the article is defining the scale of the phenomenon of debut Members of Parliament in the years of 2011, 2015 and 2019. The research question which the author was faced with is the question about the scale of the phenomenon of debut Members of Parliament and its consequences for the demographic structure of the Polish Sejm and the particular party representations in the parliament, defined as party elites. Detailed questions concern: the importance of parliamentary representatives in contemporary political groupings; defining whether the scale of the phenomenon in 2015 was significantly different from the election results from 2011 and 2019. The established hypotheses assume that: the important of parliamentary representation in contemporary parties is on a constant growth on the formal level and also within the political praxis, and consequently, Members of Parliament can be called party elites. Another hypothesis assumes that the phenomenon of debut MPs has stood out quantitatively in the analyzed period of time, nevertheless, it has not changed the demographic structure of the parliament dramatically, concerning the other two analyzed terms. The period of the analysis concerns the three parliamentary elections in 2011, 2015 and 2019, which allowed to pick up on the possible tendency of the phenomenon.
Parlamentarna reprezentacja partii politycznych współcześnie staje się istotnym obszarem działalności każdego ugrupowania. Posłowie, zgodnie ze standardami statutów partyjnych stają się elementem elity partyjnej, piastując oficjalne funkcje w organach kolegialnych. Zmiany personalne w parlamencie oznaczają zatem zmiany w partyjnej elicie. W tym kontekście celem artykułu jest określenie skali zjawiska debiutujących posłów w latach 2011, 2015, 2019. Problemem badawczym sformułowanym przez autora jest pytanie o skalę zjawiska posłów debiutantów oraz o jego konsekwencje dla struktury demograficznej polskiego Sejmu, jak i poszczególnych partyjnych reprezentacji w parlamencie ujmowanych jako partyjne elity. Pytania szczegółowe dotyczą natomiast znaczenia parlamentarnej reprezentacji we współczesnych ugrupowaniach politycznych oraz określenia czy skala zjawiska w 2015 r. była znacząco różna od wyników elekcji z 2011 i 2019 r.? Przyjęte hipotezy zakładają, że: znaczenie reprezentacji parlamentarnej we współczesnych partiach na poziomie formalnym, jak i w ramach politycznej praktyki, stale rośnie, a co za tym idzie można o posłach mówić jako o partyjnej elicie. Druga hipoteza zakłada z kolei, że zjawisko posłów debiutantów ilościowo wyróżniało się po wyborach w 2015 r., niemniej jednak radykalnie nie zmieniało struktury demograficznej parlamentu w odniesieniu do dwóch pozostałych analizowanych kadencji. Okres podjętej analizy dotyczy stanu osobowego parlamentu wygenerowanego w wyniku trzech elekcji parlamentarnych w latach 2011, 2015, oraz 2019, co pozwoliło wychwycić ewentualną tendencję zjawiska.
Źródło:
Świat Idei i Polityki; 2020, 19; 79-99
1643-8442
Pojawia się w:
Świat Idei i Polityki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Electoral System of the Republic of Belarus after 25 Years of Independence
Autorzy:
Kuleszewicz, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594530.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Belarus
elections
Lukashenka
constitution
president
parliament
democracy
Opis:
This paper aims to present a case study analysis of the condition of the electoral system in the Republic of Belarus after more than a quarter of a century of independence. The main purpose of the paper is to explain the discrepancies between legislation and practice. The author intended to note a real situation that dominates the country’s political scene in comparison to theoretical establishments. A Constitution of the Republic (created in 1994, with minor changes in 1996 and 2004) is the legal ground of the electoral system, however, procedural details were drawn up in the Electoral Code. The principles of Belarusian electoral code consist of some statements known from democratic models, such as universal suffrage, direct suffrage, secret ballot and equality. There are different types of elections in Belarus but the most important ones are presidential and parliamentary elections. Despite the detailed legal rules for conducting these elections, in fact, the principles of democracy, as well as the internal rules in Belarus, are not respected. Both presidential and parliamentary elections have shown this in recent years. Independent observers for a long time have been alarming about worrying electoral practices in Belarus. It is also worth emphasizing that since 1994, one man has been in power uninterruptedly, and Parliament has in fact a symbolic function. In the source materials, the author used Belarusian legal acts, analyses and reports, press notes as well as scientific papers.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2018, 4 (47); 618-627
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wybór posłów do Parlamentu Europejskiego w powszechnych wyborach bezpośrednich (2020/2220(INL) – 2022/0902(APP))
Election of deputies to the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage (2020/2220(INL) – 2022/0902(APP))
Autorzy:
Chybalski, Piotr
Fryźlewicz, Marcin
Jaroszyński, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/9241497.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
European Parliament
international agreement
European Union
elections
Opis:
The adoption of the draft regulation constitutes a further step in the development of the electoral procedure for elections to the European Parliament. It will replace the 1976 Council Decision and the Act concerning the election of the representatives of the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage annexed to that Decision. The authors set out concerns relating to, inter alia, the proposed institution of an EU-wide constituency and common provisions for election campaigns. Further doubts are raised regarding the proposal to fix uniformly the voting day for EP elections and the institution of a ‘temporary MEP’. In the draft position of the RP, the Council of Ministers “assesses the draft regulation negatively, due to the contradiction of some of the solutions proposed in the proposal with the legal order currently in force in the Republic of Poland”.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2023, 1(77); 137-155
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Brexit a wybory do Parlamentu Europejskiego w 2019 roku. Rozważania na tle wyborów w Polsce
Brexit and the European Parliament Elections in 2019. Considerations in the Context of the Elections in Poland
Autorzy:
Pyrzyńska, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/518629.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Fundacja Utriusque Iuris
Tematy:
elections
European Parliament
deputy
Brexit
electoral law
Opis:
The withdrawal of Great Britain from the European Union turned out to be important not only for the citizens of this country but for all Member States of the European Union. One of the important consequences of the notification of the withdrawal from the organization was to determine the constitution of the European Parliament taking into account variants of the moment when Brexit takes effect. The paper analyzes the impact of the UK’s withdrawal from the European Union on the conduct of elections and the appointment of seats in the European Parliament. This issue is presented primarily on the example of the elections held in Poland. The first part of the article discusses the procedure for the withdrawal of Great Britain from the EU and related problems. The second part is devoted to the impact of Brexit on the distribution of seats in the EP depending on the moment of Great Britain’s withdrawal from the European Union. The third part of the article examines problems associated with the procedure for indicating a Polish representative awaiting his mandate and his status.
Źródło:
Forum Prawnicze; 2020, 4 (60); 71-85
2081-688X
Pojawia się w:
Forum Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sprawiedliwość podziału degresywnie proporcjonalnego
Autorzy:
Łyko, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/434716.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
degressive proportionality
fair division
European Parliament
elections
Opis:
The principle of degressively proportional distribution of seats in the European Parliament has been legally sanctioned under the terms of the Lisbon Treaty. Thus there appeared a solution which defied the perception of justice of distribution according to culturally shaped proportional allocation rules. Previous methods of determining the composition of collegiate bodies generally used the rule of proportional to the population of each constituency, composition of the legal body representing the society. On this basis, there are many socially accepted methods which have been tried and tested. In the field of electoral law regulations the rule of degressive proportionality is a new solution, and as such it still lacks tradition and already shaped approval that may justify its use. This article aims to find justification for this solution as opposed to the socially accep- table methods of distribution of goods and debts. In order to arrive at this argument the article reaches back to Aristotle’s philosophical concept, as well as solutions taken from the Talmud. It turns out that the degressive proportionality falls within the accepted concepts of equitable distribution. It offers an intermediate solution between equal and proportional allocation. There are also legitimate reasons for the use of degressively proportional rule in the process of allocating seats in the European Parliament. The problem is only the lack of unambiguity of the rule and the lack of precise reasoning to determine the boundary conditions at the level set in the Lisbon Treaty. This creates a very high degree of freedom of interpretation, leaving room for political negotiations on the acceptance of specific proposals. This situation has led to the point that, since the legal acceptance of the principle of degressive proportionality, the rule has not been applied in practice. Proposals for the composition of the European Parliament presented at the beginning of 2013 for the term 2014-2019 indicate that over the next five years exceptions to this rule will be approved. The second part of the paper presents proposals on solving the problem that can be found in the literature, as well as two other directions for seeking fair allocation. They cannot be deprived of discretion, as, of course, it is not possible to obtain conclusive decisions without the introduction of additional postulates. These postulates aim at clarifying the determination of the boundary conditions in such a way as to reduce the number of possible solutions or introduce an additional rule that will allow for an unambiguous (for a given population) specification of composition of the European Parliament. This is possible thanks to, inter alia, the ability to generate all feasible solutions. In this situation the solution of the problem is to select one out of a finite number of known divisions according to an established criterion. This frees the process of selecting the composition of the European Parliament from political considerations, and moves the weight of the debate to the ground of determining the said additional criterion. The current problem concerning the distribution of seats in the European Parliament is of course more general. The conditions that caused sanctioning of such a solution are of economic and social origin. It is expected that in the future the number of problems associated with allocation of goods, that are solved in this way, will be greater than they are currently. Undoubtedly, inequalities in various aspects of social existence favor the issue.
Źródło:
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu; 2013, 2 (23); 180-189
2080-5977
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
European Parliament Elections in Lithuania: Populist Competition in the Shadow of the Presidential Vote
Autorzy:
Aleknonis, Gintaras
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514527.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
Tematy:
European Parliament
Lithuania
elections
campaign
electoral slogan
populism
Opis:
The 2014 European Parliament elections in Lithuania were successful for mainstream political parties: no new-born political movement came up in the political scene; no open Euro-sceptic party was able to gain any seats. But such a victory came at a price: the major European topics (joining the euro-zone, land-ownership by the foreigners) were left aside; the EP electoral campaign was overshadowed by Presidential elections with populist discussions about Russian threats and national security. The coincidence of two political campaigns boosted the voter turnout and made a significant impact on the distribution of MEP seats; because of the higher turnout, smaller parties were able to enter the EP, while two established parties with devoted core voters suffered some losses compared to the 2009 EP elections.
Źródło:
Political Preferences; 2014, 9; 39-56
2449-9064
Pojawia się w:
Political Preferences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
INSTYTUCJONALIZACJA FORM RYWALIZACJI POLITYCZNEJ W WYBORACH DO PARLAMENTU EUROPEJSKIEGO W WOJEWÓDZTWIE PODKARPACKIM W 2014 ROKU
THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE FORM OF POLITICAL COMPETITION IN THE 2014 ELECTION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT IN THE SUBCARPATHIAN VOIVODESHIP
Autorzy:
Szczepański, Dominik
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513697.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
political competition
European Parliament
elections
political parties
Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Opis:
The purpose of the article is to present institutional forms of political competition treated as arbitrational issue of the authorities based on the election. The analysis was conducted on the basis of the three forms of political competition; namely conflict, public order and the configuration between the ruling party and the opposition. The direct background to the above-mentioned forms was the election to the Euro-pean Parliament in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship in 2014. Analysis was also carried out taking into consideration specifics of this Voivodeship, when treated as a specific region on the electoral map of Poland.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2015, 13, 1; 46-57 (12)
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The electoral rights to the European Parliament of the citizens of the European Union in the Republic of Poland
Prawa wyborcze obywateli Polski w wyborach do Parlamentu Europejskiego
Autorzy:
Olechno, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/585466.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
European Parliament
electoral rights
elections
Parlament Europejski
wybory
prawo wyborcze
Opis:
The Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC), in Article 19 paragraph 2 introduced both a right to vote and a right to stand for election to the European Parliament. The objective of this paper is to present the solutions adopted in the Polish electoral laws to the European Parliament in the context of the Community regulations and to conduct a brief comparative analysis on legal requirements imposed by the Union legislator. The amendment of electoral laws always poses some questions. What is the aim of the amendment? Is this the issue of some shortcomings of the law (like in the case of the Polish reform) or perhaps the reason was not on the merits? Another question is whether the Polish legislator made most of the electoral reform in Poland to introduce amendments into the electoral law to the European Parliament even if the initial legislation might have complied with the EU guidelines. The act which originally regulated these issues is the Act of 23 January 2004 the Electoral Law to the European Parliament as well as the currently binding Election Code of 5 January 2011, which superseded the aforementioned Act. The change of the electoral law is also a good moment to verify the efficiency of the previous legislation.
Traktat ustanawiający Wspólnotę Europejską (TWE) w art. 19 ust. 2 wprowadził czynne i bierne prawo wyborcze w wyborach do Parlamentu Europejskiego. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest właśnie przedstawienie rozwiązań przyjętych w polskich ordynacjach wyborczych do Parlamentu Europejskiego na tle przepisów wspólnotowych. Chodzi o akt pierwotnie regulujący te kwestie, czyli ustawę z dnia 23 stycznia 2004 r. Ordynacja wyborcza do Parlamentu Europejskiego oraz obecnie obowiązujący kodeks wyborczy z 5 stycznia 2011 r., który zastąpił powyższą ustawę. Zmiana ordynacji wyborczej rodzi zawsze pytanie o cel tej nowelizacji. Czy np. w przypadku polskiej reformy wynikało to z niedociągnięć pierwotnej ustawy czy powód miał tak naprawdę niemerytoryczny charakter. Z drugiej strony, nawet jeżeli początkowy stan prawny wypełniał wytyczne unijne, czy polski ustawodawca wykorzystał reformę wyborczą w Polsce do wprowadzenia zmian w ordynacji do Parlamentu Europejskiego. Problemem jest jednak fakt, że w według kodeksu wyborczego, który wszedł w życie 1 sierpnia 2011 r. nie zostały przeprowadzone żadne wybory do Parlamentu Europejskiego. Stąd należy zaznaczyć, że niniejszy artykuł może być jedynie wprowadzeniem do przyszłej oceny nowelizacji ordynacji wyborczej.
Źródło:
Studia Wyborcze; 2014, tom XVII; 111-121
1898-0082
Pojawia się w:
Studia Wyborcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
European Parliament Elections in Poland in 2014
Autorzy:
Szczepański, Dominik
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514441.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
Tematy:
elections
European Parliament
Polish political scene
political competition
party system
Opis:
The aim of the article was discuss the elections to the European Parliament in Poland in 2014, taking into consideration the political situation before the elections in particular. The influence of the parliamentary elections in 2011 on the Polish political scene, and the activity of governmental coalition of the Civic Platform and the Polish Peasant Party, as well as the emergence of new political entities actively participating in electoral competition, has been analysed. A detailed analysis was done regarding the course of election campaign, paying attention to the elements of negative campaigning as well as the course of the elections themselves. The final reflections were dedicated to the election results and their influence (consequences) on the Polish party system.
Źródło:
Political Preferences; 2014, 9; 97-110
2449-9064
Pojawia się w:
Political Preferences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Representation of National and Ethnic Minorities in the Hungarian Parliament
Reprezentacja mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych w parlamencie węgierskim
Autorzy:
Halász, Ivan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31348149.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
constitution
elections
minorities
parliament
self-governments
konstytucja
wybory
mniejszości
parlament
samorządy
Opis:
The paper focuses on the history of the national minority representation in the Hungarian parliament. The old Hungarian Kingdom was traditionally a multicultural country. The half of population did not have Hungarian origin in the 19th century. The minority issue became the one of most sensitive problems in the period of nation-state building. The situation changed after World War I when Hungary lost two-thirds of its territory. The new Hungary in the interwar period was a relatively ethnically homogenous country with a nationalist political regime. Before 1918, the national minorities had parliamentarian representation based on general liberal electoral rules. The electoral legislation did not know the preferential system of minority representation. The situation was similar also in the interwar period. The leaders of official national minority associations under communist influence represented the national minorities during the period of socialist regime. The issue of minority representation in parliament started to play a very important role after the democratic transition. Despite on the original plans, the new Hungarian electoral legislation did not guarantee special parliamentary representation for national and ethnic minorities. The system of preferential representation was born only in 2011 in the framework of the redesign of the Hungarian electoral law. Currently, the list submitted by the national self-government of concrete national or ethnic minority needs for the achieving of parliamentarian mandate only 25% of ballots, which is necessary for achieving of normal mandate by regular (ideological) political parties. The German minority has achieved this mandate in 2018 and 2022. Other minorities have in parliaments the spokespersons with special consultative status. The Hungarian model is relatively original in the Central European region. It did not recognise the plural electoral law and it distinguish between the small and middle size minorities.
Niniejszy artykuł koncentruje się na historii reprezentacji mniejszości narodowych w parlamencie węgierskim. Dawne Królestwo Węgier tradycyjnie było państwem wielonarodowym. W XIX w. połowa ludności była innego pochodzenia niż węgierskie. Kwestia mniejszości stała się jednym z najbardziej delikatnych problemów w okresie budowy państwa narodowego. Sytuacja uległa zmianie po I wojnie światowej, kiedy to Węgry utraciły dwie trzecie terytorium. Nowe Węgry w okresie międzywojennym były krajem stosunkowo jednolitym narodowościowo z nacjonalistycznym reżimem politycznym. Przed 1918 r. mniejszości narodowe miały reprezentację parlamentarną na podstawie ogólnych liberalnych przepisów wyborczych. Ustawodawstwo wyborcze nie znało preferencyjnego systemu reprezentacji mniejszości. Sytuacja wyglądała podobnie także w okresie międzywojennym. W okresie panowania ustroju socjalistycznego mniejszości narodowe były reprezentowane przez przywódców oficjalnych stowarzyszeń mniejszości narodowych podległych komunistom. Kwestia reprezentacji mniejszości w parlamencie zaczęła odgrywać bardzo ważną rolę po transformacji demokratycznej. Wbrew pierwotnym planom nowe węgierskie prawo wyborcze nie zagwarantowało specjalnej reprezentacji parlamentarnej dla mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych. System reprezentacji preferencyjnej narodził się dopiero w 2011 r. w ramach przebudowy węgierskiego prawa wyborczego. Obecnie lista wyborcza zgłoszona przez samorząd narodowy danej mniejszości narodowej lub etnicznej, aby uzyskać mandat parlamentarny, musi zdobyć tylko 25% głosów w stosunku do tego, co muszą osiągnąć zwykłe (ideologiczne) partie polityczne. Mniejszość niemiecka uzyskała taki mandat w latach 2018 i 2022. Pozostałe mniejszości mają w parlamencie rzeczników o specjalnym statusie konsultacyjnym. Model węgierski jest stosunkowo oryginalny w regionie środkowoeuropejskim. Nie przyjął pluralistycznego prawa wyborczego i odróżnia małe mniejszości od średnich.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2022, 31, 5; 67-84
1731-6375
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aktywizacja polityczna społeczeństwa Pomorza Nadwiślańskiego w wyborach do Reichstagu 1871–1914
The Political Activation of the Polish Society of Eastern Pomerania in the Elections to the Reichstag, 1871–1914
Autorzy:
Wierzchosławski, Szczepan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1055012.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-30
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
the 19th century
German Empire
politics
parliament
elections
Poles
Eastern Pomerania
Opis:
The publication constitutes an analysis of the activation of Poles – citizens of the Kingdom of Prussia and the German Empire residing in the province of West Prussia (Eastern Pomerania) in the elections to the German parliament (Reichstag) in the 19th century (until 1914). On the one hand, it was demonstrated that every contemporary citizen of the German state had equal rights irrespective of their nationality; on the other hand, the author presented the process of shaping the national consciousness of Poles using the law to organize a network of their own electoral committees and elect their Polish representatives to the legislative institutions of that state, in the national rivalry with the German society in Eastern Pomerania. Statistically, a successive increase in activation in this area and its specific results in particular electoral districts were presented, depending not only on nationality statistics, but also on the organization of the electoral campaign and the level of the increasing social, national and political awareness. The article presents the organizational manifestations of the national independence of the Polish society of Eastern Pomerania, which was one of the basic factors justifying the inclusion of this region within the boundaries of the reborn Polish state.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2018, 83, 3; 83-115
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Regulacja wyborów do Parlamentu Europejskiego w prawie Unii Europejskiej
Law regulation elections to the european parliament in the european union law
Autorzy:
Rulka, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/585377.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
wybory
Parlament Europejski
prawo Unii Europejskiej
elections
European Parliament
European Union law
Opis:
In European Union there are three levels of law governing elections to the Europen Parliament. First of all, European Union election law is regulated by the primary law and directive 93/109/WE as well as by the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice. The second level is that of the Council of Europe – set out in the European Convention of Human Rights and interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights – to guarantee basic election principles. The third level of election law is national law. This, naturally, must conform to the wording of the Convention and decisions of the ECtHR in all member states of the Council of Europe and to the European Union election rules in 27 EU member states. The author of the article presents European Union law regulations concerning to the all stages of the electoral process and proposals of changes in this area. Stages of electoral process regulated in the European Union law are: ordering the elections, nomination of elections, setting roster of persons which have right to elected and right to be elected, electoral campaign, voting, establishing of the voting results and announcing of them, establishing of the elections results, affirmation of the validity of the elections, expirations of the mandate and by-elections. The author presents the opinion, that there are two ways of evolution of European Union regulation concerning to the elections to the European Parliament. First is gradual widening regulations of Act concerning the election of the members of the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage, and second is establishing the all-European constituency, in which right to present candidates would have only European political parties.
Źródło:
Studia Wyborcze; 2013, XVI; 25-55
1898-0082
Pojawia się w:
Studia Wyborcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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