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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    Elektroforeza swobodna z przepływem hydrodynamicznym : podstawy teoretyczne i rozwiązania techniczne
    Free flow electrophoresis : theory and technology
    Autorzy:
    Hoda, P.
    Polak, B.
    Dzido, T. H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172756.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    elektroforeza swobodna
    przepływ hydrodynamiczny
    technika elektromigracyjna
    rozdzielanie pseudo-dwuwymiarowe
    rozdzielanie preparatywne
    mikro-elektroforeza swobodna
    free flow electrophoresis
    electromigration technique
    pseudo-two dimensional separation
    preparative separation
    micro free flow electrophoresis
    Opis:
    Free flow electrophoresis, or carrier-free electrophoresis, is a technique based upon the principle of mobility of chargeable species in the electric field. However, unlike more widespread gel electrophoresis, free flow electrophoresis does not utilise any kind of solid support medium. Instead, species to be separated move within the space filled with aqueous buffer, which is constantly pumped in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the applied electric field. Such set-up allows for continuous separation, as compounds of the sample being processed form separate bands and leave the separation system through several different outlets located along the edge of the chamber. Furthermore, the use of mild separation conditions increases the chance of biologically active compounds retaining their activity after the separation is finished. These qualities make free flow electrophoresis an excellent tool for protein research and cytology. In this review, the basic theoretical aspects of the technique are outlined, with a special emphasis placed on various modes in which free flow electrophoresis can be operated. Besides, a review of milestone papers related to free flow electrophoresis technology is presented. Apart from the devices following the original concept of Barrollier and Hannig, an insight into the construction of recirculating instrumentation, multicompartment electrolysers as well as radially-symmetric chambers is provided. A special focus is placed on patents and commercialized solutions. Finally, the challenges of scaling-down free flow electrophoresis to micro-dimensions are introduced.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2018, 72, 1-2; 39-60
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kapilarne ogniskowanie izoelektryczne w analizie białek mleka
    Capillary isoelectric focusing in the analysis of milk protein
    Autorzy:
    Janiszewska, Daria
    Szultka-Młyńska, Małgorzata
    Pomastowski, Paweł
    Buszewski, Bogusław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1413252.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    biokoloidy
    elektroforeza kapilarna
    izoelektryczne ogniskowanie kapilarne
    białka mleka
    biocolloids
    capillary electrophoresis
    isoelectric capillary focusing
    milk proteins
    Opis:
    The analysis of milk and dairy products is essential during production, quality control, and understanding the factors that cause food allergies. Milk is one of many examples of biocolloids. Numerous studies show that capillary electrophoresis and capillary isoelectric focusing is an excellent tool for this type of analysis. In addition, the coupling of these techniques with other analytical methods such as MALDI-TOF MS or ESI-MS enables the improvement of the quality of analyzes, allows the separation of proteins close to the isoelectric point values. This short overview summarizes the possibilities of using electromigration techniques in the proteomic and microbiological analysis of milk and milk products.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2021, 75, 7-8; 943-957
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ heterogeniczności powierzchni biokoloidów na ich rozdzielanie elektroforetyczne
    Influence of heterogeneity biocolloids surface on their electrophoretic separation
    Autorzy:
    Buszewski, B.
    Pomastowski, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172496.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    biokoloidy
    warstwa dielektryczna
    potencjał zeta
    strefowa elektroforeza kapilarna
    biocolloids
    electric double layer
    zeta potential
    capillary zone electrophoresis
    Opis:
    Electrical properties of biocolloids, due to the unique structure and properties of the walls and cell membranes are altered by ions present in the environment. This change in the surface properties of bacterial cells has a major impact on the effects of cell-cell or cell-surface during the formation of aggregates or biofilm. Each microorganism has a complex and characteristic cell wall composition, which surface charge originates from the ionization of carboxyl, phosphate or amino groups and the adsorption of ions from solution. Consequently, the charged cell wall groups determine the spontaneous formation of the electrical double layer (EDL). The properties of the EDL affect the behavior of biocolloid including cell-to-cell and cell-to-capillary surface interactions. In addition, the inner wall surface of capillary groups (modified and/or unmodified) interact with the solvent and the analyte. Biocolloids effect of aggregation and adhesion to the surface of the capillary is unfavorable phenomenon occurring during the electrophoretic separation. These phenomena are highly correlated with the acid-base properties of the bacterial cells. Interactions between molecules are unstable, hence the analytes adsorbed on the surface concerned can be removed using a variety of solvents or physico-chemical and mechanical factors. However, when the bacterial cells are in close proximity to the charged surface of the capillary may be subject to specific and non-specific short-range interactions, which are characterized by high stability. It has been shown the characteristics of the microbial surface in order to determine their role in adhesion and aggregation phenomena during the electrophoretic separation. The use of experimental techniques, including instrumental, electrochemical and electrophoretic allowed the description of the relationship between the acid-base properties of pathogens and their behavior. The review summarizes the research on biocolloids which are helpful in understanding the interactions that occur during electrophoretic analysis.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2015, 69, 9-10; 823-846
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dwuwymiarowa separacja technikami chromatografii i elektroforezy ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem połączenia ich w proces jednoetapowy
    Two-dimensional separation with chromatography and electrophoresis techniques with special focus on their combination into single process
    Autorzy:
    Łopaciuk, E.
    Dzido, T. H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171869.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    separacja dwuwymiarowa
    elektroforeza
    elektrochromatografia
    chromatografia cieczowa
    rozdzielanie dwuwymiarowe ciągłe
    two dimensional separation
    electrophoresis
    electrochromatography
    liquid chromatography
    continuous two-dimensional separation
    Opis:
    Liquid chromatography and electrophoresis techniques are very often applied in contemporary laboratory practice. These techniques usually show different separation selectivity. It is due to various separation mechanisms involved in these two modes. In the former, partition of solutes between stationary and mobile phases influences on separation selectivity and retention contrary to the latter in which electrophoretic effect is involved in separation mechanism. The features mentioned are very useful for combination of these two techniques into two-dimensional separation of complicated samples of biomedical and environmental origin. Development of such approach is a very promising for contemporary separation sciences. The paper presents an overview of two-dimensional separation techniques, in which both liquid chromatography and electrophoresis have been involved especially in continuous mode.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2013, 67, 9-10; 899-927
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Metody oznaczania barwników spożywczych
    Methods for the determination of food dyes
    Autorzy:
    Kałwa, K.
    Mazurek, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171756.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    barwniki spożywcze
    wysokosprawna chromatografia cieczowa
    HPLC
    spektrofotometria
    chromatografia cienkowarstwowa
    TLC
    elektroforeza kapilarna
    food dyes
    high-performance liquid chromatography
    spectrophotometry
    thin layer chromatography
    capillary electrophoresis
    Opis:
    Food dyes are chemical substances that were developed to enhance the appearance of food by giving it artificial color. People have added colorings to food for centuries, but the first artificial food colorings were created in 1856 from coal tar. Over the years, hundreds of artificial food dyes have been developed, but a majority of them have since been found to be toxic. There is only a handful of artificial dyes that are still used in food. Food manufacturers often prefer artificial food dyes over natural food colorings, such as beta carotene and beet extract, because they produce a more vibrant color [1]. However, there is quite a bit of controversy regarding the safety of artificial food dyes. All of the artificial dyes that are currently used in food have gone through testing for toxicity in animal studies. Regulatory agencies, like the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), have concluded that the dyes do not pose significant health risks. Not everyone agrees with that conclusion. Interestingly, some food dyes are deemed safe in one country, but banned from human consumption in another, making it extremely confusing to assess their safety [2]. Undesirable effects of azo dyes used for coloring food products led to the development of very sensitive and selective analytical methods successfully used for their determination in various food matrices. Many different methods have been employed for the determination of synthetic dyes in food and beverages including thin layer chromatography and capillary electrophoresis [3]. However, these methods can be time consuming and may not be applicable for the simultaneous analysis of many dyes. Conventional HPLC methods have been employed for the analysis of synthetic colorants and while useful, these methods require long analysis times and large amounts of expensive solvents [4, 5]. Preparation of the test sample involves the use of various techniques such as membrane filtration due to the complexity of food products. Therefore, the development of simple, selective extraction methods together with the combination of chromatographic and spectrophotometric techniques are of great importance [6]. One of the most difficult stages of the analysis is the appropriate selection of the method for the determination of food colors. In the case of spectrophotometric methods, the main advantage is the low cost of the determination, however, the lack of specificity of the absorption spectrum usually makes it difficult to apply this method in the case of a mixture of different absorbing dyes due to the overlap of the spectra. The CE (Capillary Electrophoresis) analysis is faster and more economical compared to conventional electrophoresis and chromatography. The production of cheap capillaries and the development of on-line detection systems contributed to the development of modern capillary electrophoresis. Capillary electrophoresis has a number of types of separation. Ultimately, it is impossible to determine the one particular appropriate specific method for the determination of food dyes due to their diverse structure and chemical composition [4, 7].
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2018, 72, 9-10; 667-683
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Badanie oddziaływania wankomycyny z fragmentem peptydoglikanu ściany komórkowej bakterii
    Study on interaction of vancomycin with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan
    Autorzy:
    Samaszko-Fiertek, J.
    Ślusarz, R.
    Madaj, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172720.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    wankomycyna
    wysokosprawna chromatografia cieczowa
    HPLC
    elektroforeza kapilarna
    magnetyczny rezonans jądrowy
    NMR
    SAMs
    vancomycin
    high performance liquid chromatography
    capillary electrophoresis
    nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
    self-assembled monolayers
    Opis:
    Unfortunately, despite of work involved in understanding of the mechanism of bacterial virulence, especially Staphylococcus aureus, it has not been developed effective therapy against this bacteria. The first antibiotic used against this bacteria was penicillin, which was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. A new generation of drugs introduced into therapy against Staphylococcus aureus and other Gram-positive bacteria are glycopeptide antibiotics. The most widespread and most commonly used are vancomycin and teicoplanin, discovered respectively in 1956 and 1978. As a result of frequent use of vancomycin VISA (ang. Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus) and VRSA (ang. Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) strains were discovered. The mechanism of action of this antibiotic based on the inhibition of the biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan fragment. Forming stabilized by hydrogen bonds complex with terminal fragment of peptidoglycan (dipeptide d-Ala-d-Ala) vancomycin prevents its further crosslinking [2] (Fig. 1). However, in recent years other theories of the mechanism of action of glycopeptide antibiotics against Gram-positive bacteria were presented it seems to be crucial to find methods of selection of new antibiotics and for this purpose standard techniques of the analysis, including isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) [3], nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) [8–15], high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [16], capillary electrophoresis [17] or self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) [22] are used. Discovering new methods for studying of interaction between vancomycin and Gram-positive bacterial cell wall allows use it as a new technique for rapid selection of potential new antibiotics, including glycopeptide derivatives.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2015, 69, 7-8; 491-511
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Metody wyznaczania krytycznego stężenia micelarnego związków powierzchniowo czynnych
    Methods for determining critical micellar concentration of surfactants
    Autorzy:
    Grabowska, Ola
    Dywicki, Paweł
    Chmurzyński, Lech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171754.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    związki powierzchniowo czynne
    krytyczne stężenie micelarne
    konduktometria
    elektroforeza kapilarna
    izotermiczna kalorymetria miareczkowa
    metoda luminescencyjna
    surface active agents
    critical micelle concentration
    conductometry
    capillary electrophoresis
    isothermal titration calorimetry
    luminescent method
    Opis:
    Surface active agents, also known as surfactants, are a group of chemical compounds that are used in various products of the chemical industry. These compounds are components of medicines, detergents, motor oils and many others. The multitude of uses of surfactants makes it important to know their aggregation behaviour in solution. There are many methods used to analyse surfactants behaviour in liquid phase. The choice of a particular technique usually depends on the chemical structure of the surfactant. An example of a method that is used in studies of ionic surfactants is conductometry. This technique allows to study the dependence of specific conductivity on surfactant concentration, enabling determination of critical micellar concentration (CMC). Capillary electrophoresis is another example of the method used to determine the critical micellar concentration. It allows to make measurements in conditions where other methods fail, including conductometric method. Surfactant solutions differ in viscosity, which changes with the appearance of micelles in solution. Measurement of marker compound migration time through surfactant solutions of various concentrations allow to determine critical micellar concentration. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) allows to study the thermal effects associated with the aggregation of surfactants into micelles. Based on the energy changes that occur during titration, the critical micellar concentration of surfactant can be precisely determined. ITC is very sensitive method, so basically it can be used to examine all types of surfactants. In addition, the ITC method allows to determine the thermodynamic parameters of the undergoing micellization process. The use of several measuring methods gives a more complete picture of the phenomena occurring in solutions. It allows to understand aggregation process more accurately. Therefore, CMC measurement are often made with the use of several complementary methods.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2020, 74, 5-6; 371-390
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zastosowanie soli chinoliniowych i pirydyniowych do oznaczania wybranych związków siarki w próbkach biologicznych
    Application of quinolinium and pyridinium salts for determination of selected sulfur compounds in biological samples
    Autorzy:
    Furmaniak, P.
    Wyszczelska-Rokiel, M.
    Kubalczyk, P.
    Głowacki, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171524.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    sole pirydyniowe
    sole chinoliniowe
    aminokwasy tiolowe
    derywatyzacja chemiczna
    chromatografia cieczowa
    wysokosprawna chromatografia cieczowa
    elektroforeza kapilarna
    pyridinium salts
    quinolinium salts
    thiol amino acids
    chemical derivatization
    high performance liquid chromatography
    capillary electrophoresis
    Opis:
    Quinolinium and pyridinium salts belong to the group of onium compounds and are widely used in organic, structural and analytical chemistry. Their synthesis is mainly based on quaternization of the nitrogen atom in a heterocyclic ring [4, 13, 23]. In analytical chemistry quinolinium and pyridinium salts such as 2-chloro-1-methylquinolinium tetrafluoroborate (CMQT) or 1-benzyl-2-chloropyridinium bromide (BCPB) perform very well as thiol specific derivatization reagents in terms of derivatization reaction velocity, stability, chromatographic properties of the derivatives, and thus, amenability to automatization [18–22, 32–42]. Analytical procedures for thiol determination usually involve reduction of disulfide bonds with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine, tri-n-butylphosphine or mercaptoethanol, chemical derivatization of the sulfur compound with the use of 2-halopyridinium or 2-haloquinolinium salts and then deproteinization, followed by ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC or CE separation and spectrophotometric detection. Derivatization reaction takes advantage of great susceptibility of quinolinium or pyridinium molecules at 2-position to nucleophilic displacement, and a high nucleophilicity of the thiol group. Derivatization reaction mixture is usually ready to be analyzed just after mixing of the substrates. CMQT and BCPB exhibit very high reactivity toward thiols [44, 45], sulfides [63] as well as thiosulfates [40, 54]. 2-S-quinolinium and 2-S-pyridinium derivatives possess advantageous spectrophotometric and chromatographic properties. They are stable and more hydrophobic than thiols themselves, possessing a well-defined absorption maximum in the UV region. The reaction is accompanied by an analytically advantageous bathochromic shift from reagent maximum to the maximum of the derivative. Thanks to this phenomenon it is possible to use a large excess of derivatization reagent in order to drive the reaction to completion and avoid a huge signal of unreacted compound on the chromatogram [26]. Elaborated with the use of onium salts methods have proven to be useful in quantitative HPLC and CE analysis of endogenous and exogenous low-molecular-weight biological thiols in human body fluids, plant extracts and some groceries [44, 45].
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2014, 68, 3-4; 211-232
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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