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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Promoting eyewitness testimony quality: Warning vs. reinforced self-affi rmation as methods of reduction of the misinformation effect
    Autorzy:
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Polczyk, Romuald
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951974.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    misinformation effect
    warning
    reinforced self-affirmation
    eyewitness testimony
    reducing misinformation effect
    Opis:
    In a typical experiment on the misinformation effect, subjects fi rst watch some event, afterwards read a description of it which in the experimental group includes some incorrect details, and answer questions relating to the original event. Typically, subjects in the misled experimental group report more false details than those from the control group. The main purpose of the presented study was to compare two methods of reducing the misinformation effect, namely – warning against misinformation and reinforced self-affi rmation. The reinforced self-affi rmation consists of two elements: the participants recall their greatest achievements of life, and are being given a positive feedback about their performance in a memory task. The obtained results showed that the reinforced self-affi rmation was more effective than warning, although the latter also caused a significant reduction of the vulnerability to misinformation.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2013, 44, 1; 85-91
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Can placebo administered in the guise of caffeine reduce the misinformation effect?
    Autorzy:
    Nastaj, Jakub
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Bąbel, Przemysław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129706.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    memory
    misinformation effect
    placebo
    suggestion
    Opis:
    Research suggests that placebo can reduce the misinformation effect. We aimed to examine for the first time whether placebo administered in the guise of caffeine can reduce the misinformation effect. One hundred and twenty-three healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to four groups in a 2 Placebo (Present, Not Present) × 2 Narrative (Misleading, Correct) study design. Participants from placebo groups drank 100 ml of placebo solution. They were told that it was water mixed with caffeine which could positively influence their memory. After three minutes, they watched a short movie clip as an original event and read a narrative with misleading details or correct details as a postevent information; they then completed a 22 -item, two -alternative forced -choice questionnaire. The results reveal that the misinformation effect occurred. Although participants in the placebo with misinformation group scored better than participants who did not drink placebo and read the narrative containing misleading details, the difference was not statistically significant. Thus, it is concluded that placebo might not be enough to reduce the misinformation effect when it is administered in the guise of caffeine.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2019, 50, 2; 167-173
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The “memory” misinformation effect may not be caused by memory failures: Exploring memory states of misinformed subjects
    Autorzy:
    Polczyk, Romuald
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128274.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    memory
    misinformation effect
    social influence
    compliance
    conformity
    Opis:
    In experiments concerning the misinformation effect, participants first watch some original material, e.g. a video clip, and read a description that in the experimental group contains information inconsistent with the video clip. Afterwards, all participants answer questions about the video. Typically, the misled group more often reports erroneous misleading information than the non-misled one.Theoretical explanations of this effect are usually formulated in terms of the cognitive theories of memory. This article presents three experiments that demonstrate that the misinformation effect can occur even if the memory of the original and postevent materials is correct. In the experiments, after watching a video clip, reading a narrative about it, and answering questions about the video, the participants were debriefed and required to indicate questions in which they noticed differences between the video and the narrative, as well as provide answers about the original and postevent materials. A substantial number of the participants yielded to the misinformation effect in the memory test even though they had correct memory about the original (and postevent) materials. The discussion emphasizes the need of the social influence framework to explain these results. Key message: the misinformation effect is important for applied forensic eyewitness psychology. To get a better understanding of this effect, there is a need to study it not only in terms of the cognitive psychology of memory, but also from the perspective of social psychology, because in many cases witnesses give wrong answers even when remembering the correct information.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2017, 3; 388-400
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Warning against warnings: Alerted subjects may perform worse. Misinformation, involvement and warning as determinants of witness testimony
    Autorzy:
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Polczyk, Romuald
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430174.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    misinformation
    memory
    warning
    involvement
    eyewitness testimony
    tainted truth
    Opis:
    The article presents experiments exploring the memory misinformation effect. Subjects heard a recording and afterwards read a description of it, which included, in the misled group, some details inconsistent with the recording; finally thay answered questions about the recording. The aim of the research was to replicate the tainted truth effect, consisting in poor memory functioning of non-misled warned subjects and to check whether a subject’s involvement in the issue moderates this effect. Highly involved subjects were more resistant to the misinformation effect than those lowly involved. In the case of highly involved participants, warning was effective in reducing the misinformation effect, but it also caused more errors in the case of non-misled subjects. Thus, warning witnesses about nonexising discrepancies between what they saw/heard and what they were told, might lead to less accurate testimony.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2010, 41, 3; 105-112
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Anxious and distrustful – How do state anxiety and memory distrust influence the misinformation effect?
    Autorzy:
    Kuczek, Marta
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Polczyk, Romuald
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129905.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    misinformation effect
    memory
    anxiety
    memory distrust
    witness testimony
    Opis:
    The misinformation effect is influenced by many mnestic and non-mnestic factors. This article concerns the role of two of them: 1) state anxiety, defined as a situational experience of anxiety; 2) memory distrust, understood as a constant tendency to negatively evaluate one's memory. Both factors are relevant in the situation of being a witness and are believed to have a negative effect on the magnitude of the misinformation effect. In the present research, participants’ state anxiety had an immunizing effect against misinformation. As for memory distrust, no relationship was found between negative evaluation of memory and susceptibility to misinformation. The results confirm the beneficial effect of anxiety on resisting misinformation and demonstrate a greater need for further explorations concerning memory distrust.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2021, 52, 4; 341-348
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sensory processing sensitivity and its relation to susceptibility to misinformation
    Autorzy:
    Sadowski, Szymon Kamil
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2121400.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    high sensitivity
    sensory processing sensitivity
    personality trait
    misinformation effect
    suggestibility
    eyewitness testimony
    Opis:
    Sensory processing sensitivity is a relatively new theoretical construct. Its main components include deeper processing of stimuli as well as a stronger response to environmental impacts, both positive and negative. The effect of misinformation, which involves the inclusion of misinformation in the witness's memory reports, can be modified by varied factors, including personality characteristics. To the knowledge of the authors, no such research has been conducted so far and thereby the aim of the following study was to examine the relationship between the sensory processing sensitivity and susceptibility to the misinformation effect. Group studies were carried out according to the three-stage scheme of investigating the misinformation effect. After the original material was presented, the participants were exposed to a post-event material, containing the misinformation in the experimental group. Then the memory of the original material was tested. A strong misinformation effect was shown. Highly sensitive people, achieving the highest results in the Highly Sensitive Person Scale, were more resistant to the misinformation effect.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2022, 53, 2; 79-87
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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