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    Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10
    Tytuł:
    Warning against warnings: Alerted subjects may perform worse. Misinformation, involvement and warning as determinants of witness testimony
    Autorzy:
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Polczyk, Romuald
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430174.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    misinformation
    memory
    warning
    involvement
    eyewitness testimony
    tainted truth
    Opis:
    The article presents experiments exploring the memory misinformation effect. Subjects heard a recording and afterwards read a description of it, which included, in the misled group, some details inconsistent with the recording; finally thay answered questions about the recording. The aim of the research was to replicate the tainted truth effect, consisting in poor memory functioning of non-misled warned subjects and to check whether a subject’s involvement in the issue moderates this effect. Highly involved subjects were more resistant to the misinformation effect than those lowly involved. In the case of highly involved participants, warning was effective in reducing the misinformation effect, but it also caused more errors in the case of non-misled subjects. Thus, warning witnesses about nonexising discrepancies between what they saw/heard and what they were told, might lead to less accurate testimony.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2010, 41, 3; 105-112
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Promoting eyewitness testimony quality: Warning vs. reinforced self-affi rmation as methods of reduction of the misinformation effect
    Autorzy:
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Polczyk, Romuald
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951974.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    misinformation effect
    warning
    reinforced self-affirmation
    eyewitness testimony
    reducing misinformation effect
    Opis:
    In a typical experiment on the misinformation effect, subjects fi rst watch some event, afterwards read a description of it which in the experimental group includes some incorrect details, and answer questions relating to the original event. Typically, subjects in the misled experimental group report more false details than those from the control group. The main purpose of the presented study was to compare two methods of reducing the misinformation effect, namely – warning against misinformation and reinforced self-affi rmation. The reinforced self-affi rmation consists of two elements: the participants recall their greatest achievements of life, and are being given a positive feedback about their performance in a memory task. The obtained results showed that the reinforced self-affi rmation was more effective than warning, although the latter also caused a significant reduction of the vulnerability to misinformation.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2013, 44, 1; 85-91
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Efekt wzmocnionej autoafirmacji – wzrost odporności na dezinformację wskutek autoafirmacji wzmocnionej pozytywną informacją zwrotną
    Autorzy:
    SZPITALAK, MALWINA
    POLCZYK, ROMUALD
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/419258.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Źródło:
    Studia Psychologiczne (Psychological Studies); 2012, 50, 3
    0081-685X
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Psychologiczne (Psychological Studies)
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sensory processing sensitivity and its relation to susceptibility to misinformation
    Autorzy:
    Sadowski, Szymon Kamil
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2121400.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    high sensitivity
    sensory processing sensitivity
    personality trait
    misinformation effect
    suggestibility
    eyewitness testimony
    Opis:
    Sensory processing sensitivity is a relatively new theoretical construct. Its main components include deeper processing of stimuli as well as a stronger response to environmental impacts, both positive and negative. The effect of misinformation, which involves the inclusion of misinformation in the witness's memory reports, can be modified by varied factors, including personality characteristics. To the knowledge of the authors, no such research has been conducted so far and thereby the aim of the following study was to examine the relationship between the sensory processing sensitivity and susceptibility to the misinformation effect. Group studies were carried out according to the three-stage scheme of investigating the misinformation effect. After the original material was presented, the participants were exposed to a post-event material, containing the misinformation in the experimental group. Then the memory of the original material was tested. A strong misinformation effect was shown. Highly sensitive people, achieving the highest results in the Highly Sensitive Person Scale, were more resistant to the misinformation effect.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2022, 53, 2; 79-87
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Can placebo administered in the guise of caffeine reduce the misinformation effect?
    Autorzy:
    Nastaj, Jakub
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Bąbel, Przemysław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129706.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    memory
    misinformation effect
    placebo
    suggestion
    Opis:
    Research suggests that placebo can reduce the misinformation effect. We aimed to examine for the first time whether placebo administered in the guise of caffeine can reduce the misinformation effect. One hundred and twenty-three healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to four groups in a 2 Placebo (Present, Not Present) × 2 Narrative (Misleading, Correct) study design. Participants from placebo groups drank 100 ml of placebo solution. They were told that it was water mixed with caffeine which could positively influence their memory. After three minutes, they watched a short movie clip as an original event and read a narrative with misleading details or correct details as a postevent information; they then completed a 22 -item, two -alternative forced -choice questionnaire. The results reveal that the misinformation effect occurred. Although participants in the placebo with misinformation group scored better than participants who did not drink placebo and read the narrative containing misleading details, the difference was not statistically significant. Thus, it is concluded that placebo might not be enough to reduce the misinformation effect when it is administered in the guise of caffeine.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2019, 50, 2; 167-173
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Anxious and distrustful – How do state anxiety and memory distrust influence the misinformation effect?
    Autorzy:
    Kuczek, Marta
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Polczyk, Romuald
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129905.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    misinformation effect
    memory
    anxiety
    memory distrust
    witness testimony
    Opis:
    The misinformation effect is influenced by many mnestic and non-mnestic factors. This article concerns the role of two of them: 1) state anxiety, defined as a situational experience of anxiety; 2) memory distrust, understood as a constant tendency to negatively evaluate one's memory. Both factors are relevant in the situation of being a witness and are believed to have a negative effect on the magnitude of the misinformation effect. In the present research, participants’ state anxiety had an immunizing effect against misinformation. As for memory distrust, no relationship was found between negative evaluation of memory and susceptibility to misinformation. The results confirm the beneficial effect of anxiety on resisting misinformation and demonstrate a greater need for further explorations concerning memory distrust.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2021, 52, 4; 341-348
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    UODPARNIANIE NA WPŁYW SPOŁECZNY: WZMOCNIONA AUTOAFIRMACJA JAKO CZYNNIK ZMNIEJSZAJĄCY EFEKTYWNOŚĆ TECHNIKI „DRZWI ZATRZAŚNIĘTE PRZED NOSEM”
    Autorzy:
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Polczyk, Romuald
    Cyganiewicz, Agata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/419521.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Źródło:
    Studia Psychologiczne (Psychological Studies); 2013, 51, 4
    0081-685X
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Psychologiczne (Psychological Studies)
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale – Polish adaptation of the method
    Autorzy:
    Siwiak, Adam
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Polczyk, Romuald
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2122173.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    psychometric adaptation
    CONSPIRACIST BELIEFS SCALE
    Opis:
    This paper presents the results of a study on the Polish version of the Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale (GCBS), which was designed to measure individual differences in conspiracist thinking (Brotherton, French, & Pickering; 2013). The Polish version of the scale had excellent internal consistency as measured by Cronbach alpha: .93. The Polish version also had excellent test-retest stability. To check the validity of the questionnaire, various tools were used to measure the characteristics that can be correlated with conspiracist thinking. As a result, it was found that conspiracist thinking is positively correlated with the external locus of control, the results obtained in the Scale of Belief in Zero-Sum Game and the results of the MMPI-2 Paranoia scale. It was also found that patients with paranoid personality disorder and paranoid schizophrenia had higher results on the adapted scale than healthy subjects. In sum, the Polish version of GCBS had satisfactory psychometric properties, which makes it useful for measuring conspiracist thinking.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2019, 50, 3; 259-269
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Psychometric properties and correlates of the Polish version of the Contingent Self-Esteem Scale (CSES)
    Autorzy:
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Polczyk, Romuald
    Dudek, Iwona
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129215.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    contingent self-esteem
    CSES
    psychometric adaptation
    Opis:
    In general, it is beneficial and adaptive to have high self-esteem; however, contingent self-esteem depending on approval is not so advantageous. This article presents research on a Polish version of the Contingent Self-Esteem Scale (CSES), which measures contingent self-esteem. The CSES was administered on a total of 1,199 participants; a range of other instruments were also used to establish the validity of the CSES. The CSES proved to have acceptable internal consistency and validity and factor analyses revealed that it contains four factors: vulnerability to negative opinions, dependence on physical attractiveness, dependence on opinions, and dependence on self-standards. Contingent self-esteem was positively correlated with neuroticism, agreeableness, ruminating, anxiety, and maladaptive perfectionism; it was negatively correlated with general self-esteem and self-efficacy. Mediational analyses confirmed the hypothesis that low general self-esteem causes high rumination about oneself, which in turn is related to high contingent self-esteem.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2018, 49, 4; 449-457
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Observation inflation and interrogative suggestibility: Different but related memory errors
    Autorzy:
    Kękuś, Magdalena
    Dziubańska, Regina
    Komęza, Iga
    Dudek, Iwona
    Chylińska, Klaudia
    Szpitalak, Malwina
    Polczyk, Romuald
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2121895.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    observation inflation
    interrogative suggestibility
    memory
    feedback
    Opis:
    The observation inflation effect consists in the fact that observing an action being performed can create false memories that this action has actually been performed by the observer. The present study examined the relationship between this effect and interrogative suggestibility. A procedure based on the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale was used to assess two kinds of suggestibility: the tendency to yield to suggestive questions (Yield) and the tendency to change answers after feedback (Shift). The participants first watched a film depicting a woman performing simple activities and performed various activities themselves during the film. In order to determine whether the observation inflation effect occurred, the participants performed a source-monitoring test. The observation inflation effect was replicated. Observation inflation correlated positively with Yield but not with Shift. This pattern of results can be explained by the fact these two indicators are different aspects of interrogative suggestibility. Shift is more related to social influence, while Yield is more cognitive in its nature.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2020, 51, 3; 219-225
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10

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