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Wyszukujesz frazę "attitudes," wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
How Do People Resolve Conflict Between Implicit and Explicit Attitudes?
Autorzy:
Maliszewski, Norbert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430843.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
implicit attitudes
Implicit Association Test
cognitive capacity
influence of attitudes on behavior
Opis:
How do implicit attitudes influence behavior when they are in conflict with explicit attitudes? In Study 1, smokers’ negative implicit attitudes and positive explicit attitudes towards smoking were activated. Then emotions were measured. The stronger the negative implicit attitudes that the smokers held, the stronger the conflict experienced. Study 2 showed that cognitive capacity allows for this conflict, as positive explicit and negative implicit attitudes may be applied simultaneously. The stronger the negative implicit attitudes the smokers held, the stronger the conflict experienced. Smokers resolved the conflict through the inhibition of implicit attitudes (by smoking cigarettes). Without cognitive capacity, only implicit attitudes were applied, and thus no conflict was aroused. Study 3 confirmed that smoking cigarettes inhibited negative implicit attitudes.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2011, 42, 1; 36-45
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Psychological and socio-cultural risk factors for developing negative attitude and anti-health behaviour toward the body in young women
Autorzy:
Izydorczyk, Bernadetta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430303.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
predictors
attitudes
behaviour toward the body
Opis:
The main aim of the paper is to present the results of research concerning psychological and socio-cultural risk factors for development of negative anti-health (that is too restrictive and compensatory) attitude toward one’s body in young Polish women. The study comprised 120 women, of 20 to 25 years of age, with similar socio-demographic status (marital status, living and having been brought up in multi-generation families) who so far in the course of their lives have not disclosed mental or somatic disturbances (having accompanying manifestations of body image distortion). The theoretical theses for the research model were the contemporary cognitive concepts (multifactor models of body image dissatisfaction), as well as socio-cultural concepts. The following have been used in the study: thematic drawings (body images), the Contour Drawing Rating Scale (CDRS) developed by - developed by Thompson & Gray, the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) created by D. Garner (Polish version developed by C. Żechowski), The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire 3 (SATAQ 3), and questionnaire for behaviour towards the body (KZWC - Kwestionariusz Zachowań Wobec Ciała) (author’s own tool). The results confirmed the existence of negative attitude toward one’s own body, as well as development of inclinations for compensation-generating behaviour (application of various cleansing means and methods to change body weight and body image, which are disadvantageous for health). A group of risk factors has been identified, which may lead to the development of the above attitudes and behaviours toward one’s body in healthy women, who at the same time do not accept the image of their real bodies.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2015, 46, 4; 555-572
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Impact of Money Attitudes on the Relationship Between Income and Financial Satisfaction
Autorzy:
Gasiorowska, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430404.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-06-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
money attitudes
wealth perception
income
financial satisfaction
Opis:
Prior research has showed that the subjective perception of objective wealth might be affected by various individual difference variables, such as one’s love of money, level of desires, or materialistic inclinations. This paper examines an impact of attitudes towards money on the relation between personal net income and household income, and its subjective evaluation, measured as financial satisfaction and subjective economic well-being. The results of two studies revealed that the affective dimension of money attitudes (assigning the symbolic meaning to money) partially mediated the relationship between income and financial satisfaction. Moreover, the instrumental dimension of attitude towards money (individuals’ attitude toward money management) moderated this relationship: The relationship between the two was stronger for individuals highly concentrated on money management than for those with low scores on this factor.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2015, 46, 2; 197-208
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The relationship between body image disturbance and coping with stress in patients suffering from anorexia nervosa
Autorzy:
Brytek-Matera, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430239.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
body attitudes
weight dissatisfaction
coping
anorexia nervosa
Opis:
The objective of this study was to identify coping strategies that infl uence body attitudes in women with anorexia nervosa (n = 34). We used the BAT, the FRS and the Brief COPE. Coping strategies based on focus on and venting of emotions, positive reframing and seeking instrumental social support were predictive factors for the negative appreciation of body size. Seeking emotional social support, positive reframing and use of instrumental support constituted a risk profi le for development of lack of familiarity with one’s body. Denial, focus on and venting of emotions, seeking instrumental social support positive reframing and humour are predictors of general body dissatisfaction. Emotion-oriented coping had an adverse effect on body attitudes and body experience among patients with anorexia
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2012, 43, 4; 253-260
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of incidental fear and anger on in- and outgroup attitudes
Autorzy:
Bukowski, Marcin
Dragon, Piotr
Kossowska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430839.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-09-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
fear
anger
intergroup attitudes
negative ingroup stereotypes
Opis:
The aim of this research was to examine the impact of two specific negative emotions of anger and fear on intergroup attitudes. In Study 1 we measured emotions of anger and fear and in Study 2 we evoked these emotions incidentally, that is independently of any intergroup context. In both studies we measured attitudes towards the ingroup (Polish) and the outgroup (Gypsies).We expected that fear would lead to more positive ingroup attitudes and anger to more negative outgroup attitudes. The results of the correlational study (Study 1) confirmed the predictions regarding anger and decreased outgroup evaluations, and the experimental study (Study 2) revealed that fear enhanced positivity towards the ingroup, but anger increased negativity towards the outgroup. The impact of fear and anger on social attitudes in the specific context of a negatively self-stereotyped ingroup is discussed.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2014, 45, 3; 312-317
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Palliative Care Experience and Attitudes Towards Euthanasia Among Healthcare Professionals
Autorzy:
Gawor, Anna
Głebocka, Alicja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129744.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
euthanasia
attitudes
doctors and nurses
terminally ill
Opis:
On one hand, the development of medicine allows to prolong the life of patients who previously had no chance for survive, on the other hand, though, it condemns some of them and their loved ones to extreme suffering. Fear of suffering is the main reason for a possible wish for euthanasia. The research aimed at measuring the attitude towards euthanasia among doctors and nurses who come in professional contact with terminally ill patients or patients versus the medical personnel who do not come in such contact. The research included: age, profession and workplace as well as personal experience in providing care to the seriously ill. The Attitudes Towards Euthanasia Questionnaire by Głębocka and Gawor was used during the research. The method consists of three scales: Informational Support, Liberal Approach and Conservative Approach. Medical stuff taking care of terminally ill patients were less conservative in their opinions than the participants from the comparative group. The intergroup differences in terms of Liberal Approach towards Euthanasia Scale were not obtained. It turned out that the age fostered the conservative approach, and working at the intensive care units or taking care of an ill relative fostered the reduction of such approach. All the respondents approve the idea of providing the patients and their families with informational support. Working in intensive care units or taking care of terminally ill relatives seems to reduce conservative attitudes towards euthanasia because persons with such experience have personally faced the multifaceted emotional and physical costs of suffering.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2019, 50, 2; 101-107
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Attitudes of undergraduate students towards persons with disabilities; the role of the need for social approval
Autorzy:
Kowalska, Joanna
Winnicka, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430324.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
attitudes
disability
social distance
semantic differential
social approval
Opis:
The purpose of this study was a diagnosis of the attitudes of students of Warsaw universities towards people with disabilities and the variables which impacted on these attitudes. Additionally, we examined the relationship between the need for social approval and explicit attitudes towards people with disabilities. The study focused on two components of attitudes: behavioural (measured by preferable social distance – SDSB) and cognitive (tested with a semantic differential scale – SDSO). 318 students completed a survey including a demographic sheet, a social desirability scale, the SDSB and SDSO. The results indicate that students expressed positive attitudes towards people with disabilities. The impact of such variables as gender, the type of disability and the need for social approval was registered and were differentiated in regard to components of attitudes. The results are discussed with reference to earlier research and cues for further studies are suggested.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2013, 44, 1; 40-49
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Competence over Communion: Implicit Evaluations of Personality Traits During Goal Pursuit
Autorzy:
Roczniewska, Marta
Kolańczyk, Alina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951962.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-12-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
agency
communion
goal pursuit
implicit attitudes
regulatory focus
Opis:
Research shows that goal-relevant objects are rated positively, which results from their functionality towards the aim. In previous studies these objects were always external to the agent. However, relevant knowledge of self is also potentially accessible during goal pursuit, as self-esteem is an indicator of aim’s feasibility. In two experimental studies we tested whether goal activation affects temporal changes in automatic evaluations of personality traits related to the dimensions of agency and communion. We administered affect misattribution procedure where participants rated neutral Chinese hexagrams proceeded by words describing traits (75 ms masked presentation). The list of words comprised agentic (e.g. agile) and communal (e.g. trustworthy) traits. The rating took place twice - before and after introducing a manual task. In the first study, goal activation led to slightly more positive implicit evaluations of agentic and more negative evaluation of communal traits, which is consistent with empirical data on self-perception depending on agentic knowledge rather than communal one. In the second study we showed that goal activation led to changes only for promotion-, but not prevention-oriented individuals, which is explained by motivation strength. The results indicate that valuation of traits changes temporarily along with goal pursuit.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2014, 45, 4; 418-425
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Psychological consequences of money and money attitudes in dictator game
Autorzy:
Gąsiorowska, Agata
Hełka, Anna M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430121.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
money
priming
money attitudes
pro-social preferences
dictator game
Opis:
According to the research conducted by Vohs, Mead, and Goode (2006, 2008), reminders of money cause people to behave self-sufficiently, and especially to reveal a reduced tendency to charitable behaviour. In this study, we wanted to establish if this tendency would be present in the dictator game, and if so, whether money activation would just change behaviour, or whether it would also change people’s evaluation of their own decisions. We assumed that people who revealed symbolic and instrumental money attitudes would react differently to money activation. As expected, money priming caused smaller money transfers compared to the control condition, and this effect was significant among those with symbolic attitudes toward money. Moreover, participants who transferred at least half of the sum after money activation declared stronger negative emotions and lower satisfaction with the decision than those who made similar transfers in the control condition.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2012, 43, 1; 20-26
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Many faces of optimism. Proposal of five profiles of optimistic attitudes in research on Polish sample.
Autorzy:
Czerw, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430455.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-06-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
optimism as an attitude
optimism dimensions
profiles of optimistic attitudes
Opis:
Optimism is one human characteristic which for many years has been of central interest to psychology. This variable is usually treated as a one-dimensional human trait. This text presents a different view of optimism. It includes a discussion of a multidimensional questionnaire for the measurement of optimism: the Optimistic Attitude Questionnaire (OAQ). The OAQ measures four dimensions of optimism: achievement orientation, incaution, positive thinking, and openness. The results of a k-means clustering procedure that was conducted on a group of 766 adults are presented as well. The results of the analysis reveal five different profiles: global optimists, pessimists, cautious optimists, moderate optimists, and risk-takers. The obtained profiles are significantly different from each other - for example, with respect to the age of the participants and their evaluations of life satisfaction.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2015, 46, 2; 239-245
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Child as an Observer: The Influence of Adults’ Nonverbal Messages on Children’s Social Attitudes
Autorzy:
Jurasińska, Anna
Bukowski, Marcin
Białecka-Pikul, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129767.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
social attitudes
preschool children
imitation
nonverbal behaviors
minimal group paradigm
Opis:
Previous research showed that children can exhibit preferences for social categories already at preschool age. One of the crucial factors in the development of children’s attitudes toward others is children’s observation and imitation of adults’ nonverbal messages. The aim of our study is to examine whether children’s tendency to perceive and follow nonverbally expressed attitudes toward other people is related to ingroup bias, i.e. the tendency to favor one’s own group over other groups. We examined 175 preschool children (age in months: 61–87; M = 72.6, SD = 6.53) presenting them with a video of a conversation between a message sender and a message recipient. The study was conducted in a minimal group paradigm. We found that children accurately identified the message sender’s attitude toward the recipient and also generalized this attitude to other members of the new group. We also found explicit ingroup bias among children from the message sender’s group. However, no generalization of the sender’s attitude to other ingroup members was found. The results are discussed in reference to previous findings on the role of imitation of adult’s non-verbal behavior for the development of social attitudes among children.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2019, 50, 4; 357-367
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Emotional Labour and Indirectly Measured Attitude Towards Occupation in Explaining Employee Well-Being
Autorzy:
Retowski, Sylwiusz
Fila–Jankowska, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430543.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
occupational attitudes
indirect measure of attitude
emotional labour
burnout
job satisfaction
Opis:
Drawing on the model of Grandey (2000), it was proposed that the attitude towards occupation could buffer the negative effects of emotional labour. A total of 173 teachers participated in the study. Attitudes towards occupation, surface acting, emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction were estimated. The indirect measure of the attitude towards occupation was assessed using the Approaching-Avoidance Simulation Method. Confi rmatory Factor Analysis proved the validity and reliability of the indirect measurement, which is based on uncontrolled reactions of the respondents towards stimuli representing the profession. The results revealed a positive correlation between attitudes towards occupation and indicators of employees’ well-being. The indirect measure of attitude towards occupation turned out to be a signifi cant moderator of the relationship between surface acting and job satisfaction. The results raise interesting questions about the connection between indirect measures of attitudes towards occupation and employee well-being.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2013, 44, 2; 165-175
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cross-Lagged Relations Between Sexual Attitudes, Perception of Love and Sex, and Young Adults’ Relationship Status: A Two-Wave Study
Autorzy:
Adamczyk, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2127324.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
perception of love and sex
sexual attitudes
single
partnered
young adults
Opis:
The purpose of this two-wave longitudinal study was to investigate cross-lagged relations between sexual attitudes, perception of love and sex, and young adults’ relationship status over a period of one year. The current study tested two hypotheses: the first hypothesis assuming that sexual attitudes, perception of love and sex can be predictive of relationship status after a one-year interval; and the second hypothesis assuming that relationship status at T1 can be predictive of sexual attitudes and perception of love and sex after a one-year interval. Results from 117 Polish young adults (94 females and 23 males) aged 20–33 (M = 21.42, SD = 1.79) indicated that the conviction that sex is no longer as much a part of the relationship as it used to be (i.e., Sex is Declining scale) measured in the first assessment was a significant predictor of relationship status after a one-year interval. Furthermore, sexual attitudes and perception of love and sex at T1 were found to be predictive of sexual attitudes and perception of love and sex at T2. In addition, gender at T1 was predictive of instrumentality at T2, while being female at T1 related to higher instrumentality at T2.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2018, 49, 2; 184-193
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Factors affecting decisions to have a second child: exploiting the theory of planned behaviour
Autorzy:
Lukšík, Ivan
Bianchi, Gabriel
Popper, Miroslav
Baboš, Pavol
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128280.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
reproductive decision-making
planned behaviour theory
attitudes
social norms
perceived control
Opis:
The objective of this study is to explore factors that affect the decisions single-child parents make when considering whether to have a second child applying the psychological theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Quantitative survey data from a sample of parents with a single child selected from a Slovak representative sample was used to perform regression analysis assessing effects of attitudes, subjective norms and perceived control on intention to have a second child within the next three years. Results largely confirm the model captured in TPB. All three components of the TPB have a significant effect on intentions to have a second child. A particular set of liberal and conservative attitudes facilitate plans to have a second child. The strongest predictors, however, are the perceived pressure from the social environment (subjective norm) and subjective desire to have a child (perceived control). The study concludes that, along with demographic and sociological variables, psychological factors play a significant role in decision-making processes concerning reproductive planning.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 4; 421-430
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Work Attitudes and Work Ethic as Predictors of Work Engagement among Polish Employees
Autorzy:
Czerw, Agnieszka
Grabowski, Damian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430284.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
work ethic
job attitudes
work engagement
centrality of work
work psychology
Polska
Opis:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between work engagement and the psychological traits of employees, such as attitudes towards work and work ethic. Additionally, the study included demographic characteristics of employees and organizational characteristics. Research was conducted using the Polish adaptations of two well known methods: Multidimensional Work Ethic Profile and Utrecht Work Enagagement Scale, as well as the Work Attitude Questionnaire (WAQ) - a new Polish method. 360 adult employees of two large Polish regions took part in the study. The analysis showed a significant influence of hedonic-autotelic attitude, as well as four dimensions of work ethic on work engagement. It seems to be an important conclusion that work engagement turned out to be far more determined by the subject’s psychological traits than demographic and organizational ones. These results, indicating the special role of the perception of work as a central value, can be used only in the area of attitudes towards work formed during adolescence (e.g., at school, in career counseling) but also in the area of motivating the employees by the organization.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2015, 46, 4; 503-512
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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