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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    Measurements of light transfer through drift ice and landfast ice in the Northern Baltic Sea
    Autorzy:
    Kari, E.
    Jutila, A.
    Friedrichs, A.
    Lepparanta, M.
    Kratzer, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2079188.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    light transfer
    measurement
    sea ice
    landfast ice
    coloured dissolved organic matter
    Baltic Sea
    Opis:
    The aim of this study was to investigate the light transfer through sea ice with a focus on bio-optical substances both in fast ice and in the drift ice zones in the northern Baltic Sea. The measurements included snow and ice structure, spectral irradiance and photosynthetically active radiation below the sea ice. We also measured the concentrations of the three main bio-optical substances which are chlorophyll-a, suspended particulate matter, and coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM). These bio-optical substances were determined for melted ice samples and for the underlying sea water. The present study provides the first spectral light transfer data set for drift ice in the Baltic Sea. We found high CDOM absorption values typical to the Baltic Sea waters also within sea ice. Our results showed that the transmittance through bare ice was lower for the coastal fast ice than for the drift ice sites. Bio-optical substances, in particular CDOM, modified the spectral distribution of light penetrating through the ice cover. Differences in crystal structure and the amount of gas inclusions in the ice caused variation in the light transfer. Snow cover on ice was found to be the dominant factor influencing the light field under ice, confirming previous studies. In conclusion, snow cover dominated the amount of light under the ice, but did not modify its spectral composition. CDOM in the ice absorbs strongly in the short wavelengths. As pure water absorbs most in the long wavelengths, the light transfer through ice was highest in the green (549–585 nm).
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2020, 62, 3; 347-363
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Warming of the West Spitsbergen current and sea ice North of Svalbard
    Autorzy:
    Piechura, J.
    Walczowski, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48817.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    sea ice
    ocean circulation
    Nordic Sea
    climate change
    atmospheric circulation
    West Spitsbergen
    Arctic Ocean
    warming
    Opis:
    According to the results of recent research, besides the atmospheric circulation, it is heat transport to the Arctic Ocean (AO) by ocean currents, the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) in particular, that is playing a significant role in the process of Arctic warming. Data collected by the Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences (IO PAS), in the Norwegian and Greenland Seas, and Fram Strait during the last 20 years reveal considerable changes in the amount of heat transported by the WSC into the Arctic Ocean. An increase in Atlantic Water (AW) temperature and the intensification of heat transport were observed in 2004–06; after this period, both parameters decreased. The aim of this study was to find out whether the fluctuations in heat input by the WSC have influenced the sea-ice distribution around Svalbard. In fact they do, but oceanic heat transport should nonetheless be regarded as just one of many processes influencing sea-ice behaviour.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2009, 51, 2; 147-164
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The progress in knowledge of physical oceanography of the Gulf of Finland: e review for 1997-2007
    Autorzy:
    Soomere, T.
    Myrberg, K.
    Lepparanta, M.
    Nekrasov, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47626.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    sea ice
    hydrography
    physical oceanography
    European shelf sea
    Baltic Sea
    wave
    circulation
    Finland Gulf
    marine optics
    sea level
    Opis:
    The main findings of studies of the physical oceanography of the Gulf of Finland (GoF) during 1997–2007 are reviewed. The aim is to discuss relevant updates published in international peer-reviewed research papers and monographs, bearing in mind that a comprehensive overview of the studies up to the mid-1990s is available (Alenius et al. 1998). We start the discussion with updates on the basic hydrographical and stratification conditions, and progress in the understanding of atmospheric forcing and air-sea interaction. Advances in the knowledge of basinscale and mesoscale dynamics are summarised next. Progress in circulation and water exchange dynamics has been achieved mostly by means of numerical studies. While the basic properties of circulation patterns in the gulf have been known for a century, new characteristics and tools such as water age, renewal index, and high-resolution simulations have substantially enriched our knowledge of processes in the Gulf of Finland during the last decade. We present the first overview of both status and advances in optical studies in this area. Awareness in this discipline has been significantly improved as a result of in situ measurements. Our understanding of the short- and long-term behaviour of the sea level as well as knowledge of the properties of both naturally and anthropogenically induced surface waves have expanded considerably during these ten years. Developments in understanding the ice conditions of the Gulf of Finland complete the overview, together with a short discussion of the gulf’s future, including the response to climate change. Suggestions for future work are outlined.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2008, 50, 3; 287-362
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Pronounced anomalies of air, water, ice conditions in the Barents and Kara Seas, and the Sea of Azov
    Autorzy:
    Matishov, G.G.
    Dzhenyuk, S.L.
    Moiseev, D.V.
    Zhichkin, A.P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49104.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    climate
    water temperature
    anomaly
    air temperature
    sea ice
    Barents Sea
    Kara Sea
    Azov Sea
    hydrographic condition
    winter condition
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2014, 56, 3
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The integrated Arctic Ocean Observing System (iAOOS): an AOSB-CliC Observing Plan for the International Polar Year
    Autorzy:
    Dickson, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48790.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    climatic impact
    International Polar Year
    Arctic Ocean Observing System
    Arctic Ocean
    sea ice
    climate change
    Opis:
    The debate on the climatic impact of Arctic change is currently focused on the fate of the perennial sea-ice and the climatic and social effects of its disappearance. Developments in our observing techniques mean that we are in prospect of being technically able to describe the ocean-atmosphere-cryosphere system of high northern latitudes operating as a complete system for the first time. Understanding this system and improving its predictability in models seems to be our most direct way of extending the ability of society to mitigate for or adapt to its changes, including global change. The integrated Arctic Ocean Observing System (iAOOS), described here, is a means of piecing together the available PIs, gear, ships and funding on the pan-Arctic scale that seems necessary to making the attempt, and the International Polar Year (2007–2009) provides the necessary stimulus for doing so.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2006, 48, 1
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A model-measurements comparison of atmospheric forcing and surface fluxes of the Baltic Sea
    Autorzy:
    Rudolph, C.
    Lehmann, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48268.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    coupled sea-ice-ocean model
    surface flux
    temperature
    pressure
    radiation flux
    heat flux
    air-sea interaction
    Baltic Sea
    wave radiation
    Opis:
    Observed basic meteorological quantities, heat and radiation fluxes from three different measurement stations in the Baltic Sea are compared with model data of the coupled sea-ice-ocean model BSIOM in order to evaluate the atmospheric forcing, corresponding surface fluxes and the sea surface response. Observational data weremade available from the BASIS winter campaigns in 1998 and 2001 as well as from the r/v ‘Alkor’ cruise in June 2001. Simulated fluxes were calculated from prescribed atmospheric forcing provided from the SMHI meteorological database and modelled sea surface temperatures. The comparison of these fluxes with observations demonstrates a strong correlation, even though mean differences in sensible heat fluxes range from 4 to 12 W m−2 in winter and −25 W m−2 in the June experiment. Differences in latent heat fluxes range from −10 to 23 W m−2. The short-wave radiation flux used as model forcing is on average 15 W m−2 less than the corresponding observations for the winter experiments and 40 W m−2 for the June experiment. Differences in net long-wave radiation fluxes range from −5 to 12W m−2 in winter and −62W m−2 for the June experiment. The correspondence between measured and calculated momentum fluxes is very high, which confirms the usability of our model component for calculating surface winds and wind stresses from the atmospheric surface pressure.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2006, 48, 3
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Partitioning of solar radiation in Arctic sea ice during melt season
    Autorzy:
    Lu, P.
    Cheng, B.
    Lepparanta, M.
    Li, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48057.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    solar radiation
    partitioning
    Arctic Sea
    sea ice
    melt season
    solar energy
    energy absorption
    mass balance
    spectral irradiance
    numerical modelling
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2018, 60, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Svalbard as a study model of future High Arctic coastal environments in a warming world
    Autorzy:
    Piskozub, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48795.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Svalbard Archipelago
    climate change
    Arctic area
    coastal area
    sea surface temperature
    Spitsbergen fjord
    water temperature
    sea ice
    cloud
    Arctic environment
    Opis:
    Svalbard archipelago, a high latitude area in a region undergoing rapid climate change, is relatively easily accessible for field research. This makes the fjords of Spitsbergen, its largest island, some of the best studied Arctic coastal areas. This paper aims at answering the question of how climatically diverse the fjords are, and how representative they are for the expected future Arctic diminishing range of seasonal sea-ice. This study uses a meteorological reanalysis, sea surface temperature climatology, and the results of a recent one-year meteorological campaign in Spitsbergen to determine the seasonal differences between different Spitsbergen fjords, as well as the sea water temperature and ice ranges around Svalbard in recent years. The results show that Spitsbergen fjords have diverse seasonal patterns of air temperature due to differences in the SST of the adjacent ocean, and different cloudiness. The sea water temperatures and ice concentrations around Svalbard in recent years are similar to what is expected most of the Arctic coastal areas in the second half of this century. This makes Spitsbergen a unique field study model of the conditions expected in future warmer High Arctic.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2017, 59, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Quality assessment of atmospheric surface fields over the Baltic Sea from an ensemble of regional climate model simulations with respect to ocean dynamics
    Autorzy:
    Meier, H.E.M.
    Hoglund, A.
    Doscher, R.
    Andersson, H.
    Loptien, U.
    Kjellstrom, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48250.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    atmosphere-ocean coupling
    Baltic region
    climate change
    climate model
    ecosystem
    global warming
    hydrographic change
    regional climate
    regional climate modelling
    sea ice
    temperature
    water temperature
    Opis:
    Climate model results for the Baltic Sea region from an ensemble of eight simulations using the Rossby Centre Atmosphere model version 3 (RCA3) driven with lateral boundary data from global climate models (GCMs) are compared with results from a downscaled ERA40 simulation and gridded observations from 1980 –2006. The results showed that data from RCA3 scenario simulations should not be used as forcing for Baltic Sea models in climate change impact studies because biases of the control climate significantly affect the simulated changes of future projections. For instance, biases of the sea ice cover in RCA3 in the present climate affect the sensitivity of the model’s response to changing climate due to the ice-albedo feedback. From the large ensemble of available RCA3 scenario simulations two GCMs with good performance in downscaling experiments during the control period 1980–2006 were selected. In this study, only the quality of atmospheric surface fields over the Baltic Sea was chosen as a selection criterion. For the greenhouse gas emission scenario A1B two transient simulations for 1961 –2100 driven by these two GCMs were performed using the regional, fully coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean model RCAO. It was shown that RCAO has the potential to improve the results in downscaling experiments driven by GCMs considerably, because sea surface temperatures and sea ice concentrations are calculated more realistically with RCAO than when RCA3 has been forced with surface boundary data from GCMs. For instance, the seasonal 2 m air temperature cycle is closer to observations in RCAO than in RCA3 downscaling simulations. However, the parameterizations of air-sea fluxes in RCAO need to be improved.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2011, 53, (1-TI)
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    New coupled atmosphere-ocean-ice system COSMO-CLM/NEMO: assessing air temperature sensitivity over the North and Baltic Seas
    Autorzy:
    Van Pham, T.
    Brauch, J.
    Dieterich, C.
    Frueh, B.
    Ahrens, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48930.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    coupled atmosphere-ocean-ice system
    temperature sensitivity
    air temperature
    Baltic Sea
    North Sea
    regional climate modelling
    COSMO-CLM model
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2014, 56, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of landfast ice on the hydrography and circulation of the Baltic Sea coastal zone
    Autorzy:
    Merkouriadi, I.
    Lepparanta, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49047.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Finland Gulf
    hydrography
    landfast ice
    circulation
    Baltic Sea
    coastal zone
    water temperature
    salinity
    current
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2013, 55, 1
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Environmental changes in the central Baltic Sea during the past 1000 years: inferences from sedimentary records, hydrography and climate
    Autorzy:
    Leipe, T.
    Dippner, J.W.
    Hille, S.
    Voss, M.
    Christiansen, C.
    Bartholdy, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47746.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    bottom water anoxia
    sediment
    hydrography
    environment condition
    little ice age
    Baltic Sea
    modern warm period
    saline water
    environment change
    climate
    Gotland Basin
    Opis:
    Short sediment cores from the eastern Gotland Basin were investigated using a multi-proxy approach in order to reconstruct the environmental conditions of the area during the past 1000 years. Sediment data and facies were discussed in relation to hydrographic features (salinity, oxygen) and climate change. During the medieval warm period (MWP), from about 900 to 1250 AD, the hydrographic and environmental conditions were similar to those of the present time (modern warm period, since about 1850): a temporally stable halocline, caused by regular saline water inflows from the North Sea, prevents vertical mixing and leads to bottom water anoxia and the deposition of laminated, organic-rich sapropels. During the period from about 1250 to 1850, referred to as the cold phase (including the Little Ice Age), the environmental conditions of the central Baltic Sea were distinctly different: the lower salinity, resulting from reduced North Sea water inflows, allowed vertical convection of the water column and long-term stable ventilation of the sea bed (oxic stage). Both the productivity of the planktonic ecosystem as well as the preservation of organic matter in the sediments improved during the warm periods. The anthropogenic impact can be identified within the recent laminated sequence by a temporal reconstruction of pollutant deposition. Our findings imply a climate-change driven shift in the environmental conditions and the ecosystem of the Baltic from the north to the south and back to the north.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2008, 50, 1; 23-41
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12

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