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Tytuł:
Antivirals - current trends in fighting influenza
Autorzy:
Król, Ewelina
Rychłowska, Małgorzata
Szewczyk, Bogusław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1039254.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
influenza virus
antivirals
novel anti-influenza drugs
antiviral therapy
inhibitors
Opis:
Influenza virus infection is a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to the variable effectiveness of existing vaccines, especially in the early stages of an epidemic, antiviral drugs represent the first line of defense against the virus. Currently, there are two major classes of anti-influenza drugs approved by the FDA for clinical use: M2 protein inhibitors (amantadine and rimantadine) and neuraminidase inhibitors (zanamivir and oseltamivir). However, increasing resistance to these available influenza antivirals among circulating influenza viruses highlights the need to develop alternative approaches for the prevention and/or treatment of influenza. This review presents an overview of currently available drugs for influenza treatment as well as summarizes some new antiviral strategies that are now being tested covering agents targeting both the viral proteins and the host-virus interaction. We discuss their mechanisms of action, resistance and the therapeutic potential as new antiviral drug for use in future influenza pandemics. Additionally, combination therapy based on these drugs is also described.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2014, 61, 3; 495-504
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Factors affecting decision concerning influenza vaccination among students of medical faculties
Autorzy:
Woźniak-Kosek, Agnieszka
Kempińska-Mirosławska, Bogumiła
Mendrycka, Mariola
Saracen, Agnieszka
Hoser, Grażyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1039225.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
influenza
vaccination against influenza- knowledge
infections
students
Opis:
Influenza is one of the most common cyclic respiratory diseases in humans. Methods of prevention are multidirectional, but the most effective and most efficacious way to prevent influenza and its complications is through preventive vaccination. This work aims to determine different factors affecting the decision concerning influenza vaccine. The percentage of people vaccinated against the flu was evaluated, as well as their knowledge of post-influenza complications, etc. among full-time students and bridging studies of nursing and physiotherapy (full-time and part-time) at the University of Technology and Life Sciences in Radom, and students of medicine and pharmacy at the Medical University of Łódź. The research tool was the authors' questionnaire with 18 questions. The surveys conducted, consisting of multiple choice questions, were anonymous. In total, the survey involved 470 students. Overall, the number of people who were vaccinated against influenza in the 2012/13 epidemic season numbered 15 respondents, representing 5.84% of the total group of respondents. For the group of nursing students it was 6%, for physiotherapy students 5%, for students of medicine and pharmacy 14%. The percentage of respondents who said they would get vaccinated if the vaccinaton was free of charge was also low. Increasing the percentage of people vaccinated against influenza (immunization coverage) is a very important measure in preventing influenza epidemics. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the reasons why people are reluctant to be vaccinated against influenza, particularly among students who will work in the future in the health care services sector.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2014, 61, 4; 829-832
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Upper respiratory tract infections and influenza-like illnesses among healthcare workers: are serological tests useful in monitoring influenza and influenza-like illness?
Autorzy:
Toczek-Kubicka, Katarzyna
Szenborn, Filip
Kuchar, Ernest P.
Szenborn, Leszek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2153866.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-29
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
IgM antibodies
vaccination
humoral response
influenza
healthcare workers
influenza-like illness
Opis:
Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk for exposure to upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and influenza-like illnesses (ILIs). The present study aimed to surveil URTIs and ILIs and their impact among the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases in Wroclaw employees and evaluate their humoral response to influenza. Material and Methods Thirty-six HCWs participated in the first season and 32 HCWs in the second season during years of the study. The authors carried out a URTI/ILI surveillance, and all HCWs were asked to complete a weekly report during 2 influenza seasons: 2016/2017 (S1) and 2017/2018 (S2). In S1 both IgG and IgM antibodies against influenza A and B were assessed. The HCWs with symptoms of ILI were encouraged to undergo PCR tests for influenza. Results No significant differences in reporting URTI were found among vaccinated and non-vaccinated HCWs and HCWs and the control group. Depending on the year 5.5–17.2% of HCWs were treated with antibiotics because of URTI. In the study 58.7% of participants in S1 and 66.7% in S2 decide to work despite the URTI symptoms. There was no statistical relationship between the concentration of anti-influenza IgG and the number of URTIs and ILIs reported. Only vaccinated were willing to undergo voluntary influenza testing. Conclusions The URTI and ILI occur commonly in HCWs, and HCWs contract URTIs as often as the control group. Despite their medical education, HCWs work with the symptoms of infection and overuse antibiotics to treat the URTI. Serology testing is not able to follow the infection’s dynamics or identify the people immune to the influenza-like illness. The diagnostic value of IgM antibodies in acute influenza infection is negligible. Vaccinated HCWs are more focused on their health and are more willing to undergo influenza tests.
Źródło:
Medycyna Pracy; 2022, 73, 6; 441-447
0465-5893
2353-1339
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Pracy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Szczepienia seniorów – profilaktyka chorób zakaźnych na przykładzie szczepienia przeciw grypie
Seniors vaccinations- prevention of contagious diseases on the ex ample of influenza vaccination
Autorzy:
Zawidzka, Magdalena
Nazar, Elżbieta
Kamińska, Marta
Przybylska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029473.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Państwowa Uczelnia Zawodowa we Włocławku
Tematy:
influenza
old age
vaccinations
Opis:
Introduction. Influenza has been known as the most common contagious disease attacking the respiratory system of patients at any age. In addition to influenza vaccination, older people are also advised to vaccinate against pneumonia, hepatitis (Hepatitis B), pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus. The aim of this work is to present the importance of influenza vaccination and senior participation in the "Program for the prevention of contagious diseases with respect to the use of influenza vaccination for people over 65", on the example of Włocławek, Lublin and Wrocław. Overview. Contagious diseases in older people are often characterized by a severe course and an increased risk of complications. Despite the wide-scale infection prevention among the older people, protective vaccinations are the most effective way to prevent influenza, as well as its complications. The number of vaccinated patients over 65 is low. The use of protective vaccinations has a beneficial effect not only on the health of patients, but also on the reduction of treatment costs associated with the occurrence of possible post-influenza complications and long-term hospitalization. Systematic influenza vaccinations are liekely to protect patients from infection and complications, but also stimulate the body's immune system to function properly. Conclusions. Despite the recommendations of health professionals , the popularity of vaccinations among people over 65 is very low. The most common reasons associated with resignation from vaccinations among seniors include: fear of complications associated with vaccination and lack of faith in its effectiveness. For this reason, it is extremely important to effectively promote influenza vaccinations among the elderly.
Wstęp. Grypa to choroba zakaźna układu oddechowego pojawiająca się najczęściej, niezależnie od wieku. Osobom starszym oprócz szczepienia przeciw grypie zaleca się szczepienia przeciw zapaleniu płuc, wirusowemu zapaleniu wątroby (WZW) typu B, krztuścowi, błonicy oraz tężcowi. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie istoty szczepienia przeciwko grypie oraz udziału seniorów w „Programie profilaktyki chorób zakaźnych w zakresie szczepień ochronnych przeciw grypie dla osób powyżej 65 roku życia”, na przykładzie miast Włocławek, Lublin oraz Wrocław. Przegląd. Choroby zakaźne występujące u osób w podeszłym wieku często charakteryzują się ciężkim przebiegiem i zwiększonym ryzykiem powikłań. Pomimo szeroko ukierunkowanej prewencji infekcji wśród osób starszych, najbardziej efektywnym oraz najskuteczniejszym sposobem zapobiegania grypie, a także jej powikłaniom, są szczepienia ochronne. Stopień wyszczepienia pacjentów powyżej 65 roku życia jest niski. Stosowanie szczepień ochronnych ma korzystny wpływ nie tylko na zdrowie pacjentów, ale także na obniżenie kosztów leczenia związanych z wystąpieniem ewentualnych powikłań pogrypowych oraz długotrwałej hospitalizacji. Systematyczne powtarzanie szczepień przeciwko grypie pozwala nie tylko chronić przed infekcją oraz powikłaniami, ale także pobudza układ obronny organizmu do skutecznego działania. Wnioski. Pomimo zaleceń specjalistów, popularność szczepień wśród osób po 65 roku życia jest bardzo niska. Do najczęstszych przyczyn związanych z rezygnacją ze szczepień u seniorów należą: lęk przed powikłaniami związanymi ze szczepieniem oraz brak wiary w jego skuteczność. Z tego powodu niezwykle ważne jest efektywne promowanie szczepień przeciw grypie wśród osób w podeszłym wieku.
Źródło:
Innowacje w Pielęgniarstwie i Naukach o Zdrowiu; 2018, 3, 3; 81-90
2451-1846
Pojawia się w:
Innowacje w Pielęgniarstwie i Naukach o Zdrowiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influenza viruses resistant to neuraminidase inhibitors
Autorzy:
Nitsch-Osuch, Aneta
Brydak, Lidia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1039255.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
influenza
resistance
neuraminidase inhibitors
Opis:
Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are antiviral drugs for treatment and prophylaxis of influenza. By blocking the activity of the enzyme neuraminidase, NAIs prevent new viral particles from being released. The increasing use of NAIs brings into focus the risk of drug resistance arising to the class. There are three levels of antiviral resistance according to the way that resistance can be detected or inferred: genotypic, phenotypic and clinical resistance. For many years seasonal influenza viruses resistance to NAIs was low (0.33%). Recently, there has been described an increasing number of resistant seasonal influenza strains to oseltamivir (2% in adults, 5-18% in children). In 2007 there were published data describing 14% resistant to oseltamivir strains of influenza A/H1N1/ in Europe. Approximately 0.5-1.0% of influenza A/H1N1/pdm09 isolates are currently resistant to oseltamivir. The established markers of the resistance to oseltamivir were found in 2.4% of human and 0.8% of avian isolates of influenza A/H5N1/. It has been not observed a cross resistance among oseltamivir and zanamivir. NAIs resistance in influenza viruses is relative and despite its presence patients with resistant viruses may still benefit from receiving these antivirals. The response to treatment with antivirals remains the most important proof of antiviral effectiveness. The rational use of NAIs is essential to preserve the best choice for treatment and prophylaxis of seasonal, avian and pandemic influenza.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2014, 61, 3; 505-508
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influenza virus hemagglutinin as a vaccine antigen produced in bacteria
Autorzy:
Sączyńska, Violetta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1039263.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
recombinant influenza hemagglutinin
recombinant influenza vaccine
subunit influenza vaccine
bacterial hemagglutinin
prokaryotic protein production
Opis:
Recombinant subunit vaccines based on hemagglutinin proteins produced in bacteria (bacterial HAs) are promising candidates for enhancing the supply of vaccines against influenza, especially for a pandemic. Over 20 years after the failure to obtain the antigen with native HA characteristics in the early 1980’s, there are increasing data on successful production of HA proteins in bacteria. The vast majority of bacterial HAs have been based on the HA1 subunit of HA expressed separately or as a component of conjugate vaccines, but those based on the ectodomain and the HA2 subunit have also been reported. The most of HAs have been efficiently expressed as insoluble aggregates called inclusion bodies. Refolded and purified proteins were extensively studied for structure, the ability to bind to sialic acid-containing receptors, antigenicity, immunogenicity and efficacy. The results from these studies contradict the view that glycosylation determines the correct structure of the hemagglutinin, as they proved that bacterial HAs can be valuable vaccine antigens when appropriate folding and purification methods are applied to rationally designed proteins. The best evidence for success in bacterial production of protective HA is that vaccines based on proprietary Toll-like Receptor (VaxInnate) and bacteriophage Qβ-VLPs (Cytos Biotechnology) technologies have been advanced to clinical studies.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2014, 61, 3; 561-572
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pandemic Influenza Threat
Autorzy:
Kaudhry, Harish
Fangriya, Ruchita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194041.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
H5N1
human influenza
pandemic influenza
threat
Opis:
The threat of a human influenza pandemic has greatly increased over the past several years with the emergence of highly virulent avian influenza viruses, notably H5N1 viruses, which have infected humans in several Asian and European countries. Previous influenza pandemics have arrived with little or no warning, but the current widespread circulation of H5N1 viruses among avian populations and their potential for increased transmission to humans and other mammalian species may afford us an unprecedented opportunity to prepare for the next pandemic threat. The US Department of Health and Human Services is coordinating a national strategy to respond to an influenza pandemic that involves multiple agencies, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Within NIH, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) conducts basic and clinical research to develop new vaccine technologies and antiviral drugs against influenza viruses. We describe recent research progress in preparing for pandemic influenza.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2015, 11; 80-96
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
In vivo reassortment of influenza viruses
Autorzy:
Urbaniak, Kinga
Markowska-Daniel, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1039242.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
influenza A viruses
Opis:
The genetic material of influenza A virus consists of eight negative-sense RNA segments. Under suitable conditions, the segmented structure of the viral genome allows an exchange of the individual gene segments between different strains, causing formation of new reassorted viruses. For reassortment to occur, co-infection with two or more influenza virus strains is necessary. The reassortment is an important evolutionary mechanism which can result in antigenic shifts that modify host range, pathology, and transmission of the influenza A viruses. In this process, the influenza virus strain with epidemic and/or pandemic potential can be created. Cases of this kind were in 1957 (Asian flu), 1968 (Hong Kong flu) and recently in 2009 (Mexico). Viruses containing genes of avian, swine, and/or human origin are widespread around the world, for example the triple reassortant H1N1 virus causing the 2009 influenza pandemic in 2009 that has become a seasonal virus. The aim of the study is to present the mechanism of reassortment and the results of experimental co-infection with different influenza viruses.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2014, 61, 3; 427-431
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Vaccination against influenza in pregnant women
Autorzy:
Brydak, Lidia
Nitsch-Osuch, Aneta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1039266.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
influenza
vaccination
pregnancy
Opis:
Pregnancy places otherwise healthy women at an increased risk of complications arising from an influenza infection. It is suggested that physiological changes such as immunological changes, increased cardiac output and oxygen consumption, as well as lung tidal volume might increase the susceptibility to influenza complications if infection occurs during pregnancy. Immunization of pregnant women against influenza is currently recommended in many countries and has been proven to be safe and effective in reducing rates and severity of the disease in vaccinated mothers and their children. Influenza vaccination is also cost-effective. Nevertheless, influenza vaccine coverage remains low in pregnant women. This might stem from the lack of healthcare workers' education, a feeling among the general public that influenza is not a serious disease and a failure of prenatal care providers to offer the vaccine. In order to protect pregnant women and infants from influenza related morbidity and mortality an educational programme targeting healthcare workers in charge of pregnant women should be implemented.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2014, 61, 3; 589-591
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influenza vaccine efficacy in patients aged 60–75 years in the 2016/2017 season
Autorzy:
Sławin, Agata
Brydak, Lidia
Doniec, Zbigniew
Mastalerz-Migas, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/552677.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Przyjaciół Medycyny Rodzinnej i Lekarzy Rodzinnych
Tematy:
influenza
human
vaccination
aged
immunization
Źródło:
Family Medicine & Primary Care Review; 2018, 3; 263-266
1734-3402
Pojawia się w:
Family Medicine & Primary Care Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zakażenia wirusem grypy typu A u gołębi
Influenza A virus infections of pigeons
Autorzy:
Abolnik, Celia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22016002.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
Tematy:
ptaki
wirus influenzy A
epidemiologia
gołębie
choroby zwierząt
influenza ptaków
avian influenza
epidemiology
pigeons
Opis:
Influenza A viruses of all subtypes, in their low pathogenic state, form part of the natural microbiota of water bird species. Four intercontinental transmission waves of Goose/Guangdong H5 lineage viruses swept the globe since 2005, each characterized by epidemics in poultry and contact transmission to humans. A significant shift in ecology of avian influenza had occurred. The risks that columbids pose in the ecology and epidemiology of AI have been thoroughly investigated over the course of several decades. Cumulatively, the studies on free-living pigeons, market pigeons and those experimentally infected with LPAI and HPAI demonstrated, that pigeons were of no epidemiological significance in the transmission and spread of HPAI to humans.
Źródło:
Życie Weterynaryjne; 2020, 95, 06; 362-364
0137-6810
Pojawia się w:
Życie Weterynaryjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Seasonal influenza vaccination of healthcare workers: a narrative review
Autorzy:
Jędrzejek, Michał J.
Mastalerz-Migas, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2084883.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-04-11
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
infection control
influenza
healthcare facilities
healthcare workers
healthcare personnel
influenza vaccination
Opis:
Influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus which often occurs in outbreaks and epidemics worldwide. The World Health Organization recommends annual vaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs) against influenza, because most of them are involved in the direct care of patients with a high risk of influenza-related complications. Given the significance of the disease burden, a targeted literature review was conducted to assess issues related to influenza vaccination among HCWs. The primary aim of this review was to assess the incidence of influenza among medical personnel and healthcare-associated influenza, and to outline the benefits of influenza vaccination for patients and HCWs themselves. Vaccination of HCWs seems to be an important strategy for reducing the transmission of influenza from healthcare personnel to their patients and, therefore, for reducing patient morbidity and mortality, increasing patient safety, and reducing work absenteeism among HCWs. The benefits of influenza vaccination for their patients and for HCWs themselves are addressed in literature, but the evidence is mixed and often of low-quality.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2022, 35, 2; 127-139
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hemagglutinin stalk domain from H5N1 strain as a potentially universal antigen
Autorzy:
Uranowska, Karolina
Tyborowska, Jolanta
Jurek, Anna
Szewczyk, Bogusław
Gromadzka, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1039261.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
H5N1
universal influenza antigen
hemagglutinin stalk domain
universal influenza antibodies
FI6
Opis:
Influenza A virus infections are the major public health concern and cause significant morbidity and mortality each year worldwide. Vaccination is the main strategy of influenza epidemic prevention. However, seasonal vaccines induce strain-specific immunity and must be reformulated annually based on prediction of the strains that will circulate in the next season. Thus, it is essential to develop vaccines that would induce broad and persistent immunity to influenza viruses. Hemagglutinin is the major surface antigen of the influenza virus. Recent studies revealed the importance of HA stalk-specific antibodies in neutralization of different influenza virus strains. Therefore, it is important to design an immunogen that would focus the immune response on the HA stalk domain in order to elicit neutralizing antibodies. In the present study, we report characterization of a conserved truncated protein, potentially a universal influenza virus antigen from the H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A virus strain. Our results indicate that exposure of the HA stalk domain containing conserved epitopes results in cross reactivity with different antibodies (against group 1 and 2 HAs). Additionally, we conclude that HA stalk domain contains not only conformational epitopes recognized by universal FI6 antibody, but also linear epitopes recognized by other antibodies.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2014, 61, 3; 541-550
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ReCOMmendations for the treatment of INFLUENZA in children for Primary care physiciAnS – COMPAS INFLUENZA
Autorzy:
Doniec, Zbigniew
Mastalerz-Migas, Agnieszka
Jackowska, Teresa
Kuchar, Ernest
Sybilski, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/552248.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Przyjaciół Medycyny Rodzinnej i Lekarzy Rodzinnych
Tematy:
influenza
children
treatment
vaccinations.
Opis:
Influenza is an acute infectious disease of the airways that occurs in every age group. The course of the disease may have a different severity and clinical picture, from asymptomatic to severe with symptoms of respiratory failure. The possibilities of pandemic infections and serious complications throughout the course of influenza distinguish it from other viral respiratory diseases, prompting us to treat it in a special way. Diagnosis of the disease is usually clinical in nature, and additional studies may be helpful in clinically relevant cases. The drug recommended for treatment and chemoprophylaxis is oseltamivir. Clinical benefits are greatest if treatment starts as early as possible, within 48 hours of the first symptoms of influenza. Clinical studies indicate that early treatment with oseltamivir may shorten the duration of the disease and reduce the risk of its complications. Annual influenza vaccination is the most effective method of preventing this disease, and the only contraindication to vaccination is the occurrence of an anaphylactic or other severe allergic reaction after a previous vaccination
Źródło:
Family Medicine & Primary Care Review; 2019, 2; 189-198
1734-3402
Pojawia się w:
Family Medicine & Primary Care Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Testing of human specimens for the presence of highly pathogenic zoonotic avian influenza virus A [H5N1] in Poland in 2006-2008 - justified or unnecessary steps?
Autorzy:
Romanowska, M
Nowak, I.
Brydak, L.B.
Wojtyla, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/50626.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
avian influenza virus type A
zoonosis
influenza
H5N1 subtype
avian influenza
disease outbreak
diagnostic test
Polska
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2009, 16, 2; 239-247
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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