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Tytuł:
Application of different organic manures in optimizing optimum yield for wheat in calcareous soil
Autorzy:
Jamal, Aftab
Fawad, Muhammad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1109360.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Organic manures
Triticum aestivum
calcareous soil
wheat
Opis:
A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 2014-2015 at a farm field located in Swabi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan with the main aim to evaluate the influence of different organic manures on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with four replications. The treatments were: T1 (control, no manure), T2 (Cattle manure), T3 (Poultry manure) and T4 (Sheep manure). All the organic manures were applied at the rate of 10 t ha-1. At maturity, plant height (cm), number of grains per spike, grain yield and biological yield were recorded. Results led to the conclusion that T3 (poultry manure) gave the best results, as compared to other treatments. The values of plant height, biological yield and grain yield were 87 cm, 13.66 t ha-1 and 5.750 t ha-1, respectively, for poultry manure treatment. Results for number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were found non-significant in the prevailing soil condition.
Źródło:
World News of Natural Sciences; 2018, 20; 23-30
2543-5426
Pojawia się w:
World News of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determination of norflurazon concentration in wheat leaves using a modified QuEChERS method
Autorzy:
Trzebuniak, Kamil
Mysliwa-Kurdziel, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038581.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
norflurazon
QuEChERS
Wheat
Triticum aestivum
HPLC-UV
Opis:
The aim of this analytical study was to develop and validate an easy-to-use method for measuring the actual level of norflurazon that accumulates in leaves. We amended the QuEChERS method, i.e. Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe, which is widely used for pesticide and herbicide analysis in food, and usually combined with HPLC-MS detection. We adapted this method for the detection of norflurazon in leaves or leaf fragments and proposed a useful modification using of HPLC-UV detection. Reproducible retention times of 3.11±0.04 min, precision (RSD<8.0%), LOQ=315 ng∙mL-1 and linearity (R=0.99874) were achieved.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2017, 64, 3; 431-436
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of biological preparations and mineral nitrogen fertilisation on the content of protein and macroelements in spring wheat grain
Autorzy:
Plaza, A.
Gasiorowska, B.
Rzazewska, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1192713.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Tematy:
Triticum aestivum L.
macroelements
nitrogen
biofertiliser
biostimulator
Opis:
Researchers from the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities carried out an investigation in 2017-2019, on a family farm located in Krzymosze (52°03′27″N, 22°33′74″E) near Siedlce, Poland, aiming at determining the effect of biofertilisers and nitrogen fertiliser regime on the protein content as well as macroelements in the grain of spring wheat produced in a sustainable agriculture system. The following two factors were examined: (I) biological preparations: control where no biological preparations were applied, Azotobacter vinelandii, L- proline, Azotobacter vinelandii + L-α proline; (II) mineral nitrogen regime: unamended control, 60 kg N ha-1, 90 kg N ha-1, 120 kg N ha-1. Spring wheat grain was sampled to determine the total protein content and macroelements (P, K, Ca and Mg). The results demonstrated that the biological nitrogen preparations Azotobacter vinelandii + L- proline applied simultaneously with 90 kg N ha-1 contributed to the production of spring wheat grain with the highest concentration of protein and phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, all being very important in human nutrition. The use of the biological preparation Azotobacter vinelandii and L- proline biostimulator with a fertilisation dose of mineral nitrogen of 90 kg N ha-1 ensures favorable chemical composition of spring wheat grain. Moreover, such form of fertilisation protects the soil environment, an issue of growing importance in modern agriculture. It should be recommended to apply bioproducts in combination with lower nitrogen mineral fertilisation doses in spring wheat cultivation.
Źródło:
Journal of Elementology; 2021, 26, 1; 199-210
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Geographic distribution of Fusarium culmorum chemotypes associated with wheat crown rot in Iraq
Autorzy:
Matny, Oadi N.
Bates, Scott T.
Song, Zewei
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/961652.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
fusarium culmorum
pcr
b-trichothecene
triticum aestivum
Opis:
Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is an important disease of wheat and other grains that has had a significant impact on cereal crop production worldwide. Fusarium species associated with FCR can also produce powerful trichothecenes mycotoxins that pose a considerable health risk to humans and animals that consume infected grains. In this study we examined Fusarium species of wheat from different regions of Iraq that showed FCR symptoms. Twenty-nine isolates were collected overall, and the marker gene translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF-1α) was sequenced in order to determine their taxonomic identities. All isolates were determined to be F. culmorum, and primers targeting tri-cluster genes were used in order to further characterize isolates into specific trichothecene chemotype strains. Five of the 29 isolates were determined to be the nivalenol (NIV) chemotype, while the rest of the isolates recovered were the deoxynivalenol (DON) chemotype. All DON- -type isolates produced 3Ac-DON, while the 15Ac-DON-type was not detected. The majority of the NIV-type isolates originated from wheat growing regions in the mid-latitudes of Iraq, while the DON-type isolates were recovered from areas distributed broadly across the country. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report on the distribution of specific F. culmorum chemotypes from FCR diseased wheat in Iraq.
Źródło:
Journal of Plant Protection Research; 2017, 57, 1
1427-4345
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Plant Protection Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mannose inhibition of nitrate uptake by wheat roots
Autorzy:
Li, J.-Z.
Cram, W.J.
He, G.-Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/58372.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
mannose
inhibition
nitrate uptake
wheat
Triticum aestivum
plant root
Opis:
The effect of mannose on nitrate uptake was investigated by a new non-invasive technique. Under normal condition, nitrate uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots was about 1-7 µmol gfwt-1 h-1. After the addition of 10 mM mannose, net nitrate influx by wheat roots started to decrease and reached a new steady state at -40 ±50% of the control value after 73 min. After mannose supplied for 2 h, its removal caused net nitrate influx to be recovered to an original rate. Therefore, the inhibition of mannose on nitrate uptake is not due to the onset of programmed cell death because it starts too rapidly and it is reversible, however, it is probably due to Pi and consequent ATP depletion.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2010, 79, 2; 107-110
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Changes in cell wall polysaccharides during wheat grain development
Autorzy:
Chanda, Sumitra V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198942.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-06-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
cell wall
grain development
pectic polysaccharides
Triticum aestivum
xyloglucan
Opis:
Changes in low and high molecular weight xyloglucan and pectic polysaccharide content were estimated during grain development in wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar Lok-1. Three grains differing in their final dry weight and position on the spike were selected for the investigation. The low molecular weight xyloglucan and high molecular weight xyloglucan were isolated by extracting in 4% KOH and 24% KOH, respectively. Changes in the xyloglucan content (low and high) showed an inverse correlation with water content. However, low molecular weight xyloglucan was more than high molecular weight xyloglucan at all stages of grain growth. Pectic polysaccharides also showed an inverse correlation, with highest content being in the smallest grain and vice versa. Increase in xyloglucan and pectic polysaccharide content coincided with termination of elongation growth thus suggesting its probable role in wall rigidity. It is suggested that cell wall is a dynamic compartment where reorganization occurs by turnover and alteration of wall polysaccharides.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 49; 115-124
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przydatność źródeł światła zbudowanych w oparciu o diody charakteryzujące się widmem ciągłym światła białego wzbogaconym o pasmo niebieskie w hodowli zbóż
The usefulness of light sources based on diodes characterized by a continuous spectrum of white light enriched with a blue band in cereal breeding
Autorzy:
Stefański, Piotr
Siedlarz, Patrycja
Matysik, Przemysław
Nita, Zygmunt
Rybka, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2199412.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-04-01
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
Triticum aestivum
Hordeum vulgare
Avena sativa
szklarnia
LED
greenhouse
Opis:
Nowoczesna hodowla zbóż odbywa się pod wielka presją czasu. Dlatego też do przyspieszenia procesów hodowlanych używa się szklarni, które w naszej szerokości geograficznej wymagają doświetlania. Pomysł zastosowania źródeł światła z wbudowanymi diodami LED w szklarniach staje się powszechny w ogrodnictwie ze względu na właściwości fizyczne LED, które pozwalają na zmniejszenie zużycia energii oraz na precyzyjne dostosowanie widma światła do wymagań uprawianych roślin. Zastosowanie oświetlaczy LED w procesach hodowli zbóż jest nowością. W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki uzyskane przy użyciu źródła światła LED, zbudowanego w oparciu o diody emitujące białe światło, w porównaniu z oświetlaczem sodowym i światłem dziennym. Wykazano, że oświetlacz LED może być wykorzystywany do oświetlania szklarni w procesach hodowli zbóż. Przyrosty siewek oraz terminy kłoszenia były porównywalne pomiędzy roślinami uprawianymi pod lampami: HPS oraz LED i jednocześnie akceptowalnie większe niż parametry uzyskane dla roślin uprawianych w letnim świetle dziennym.
Modern cereal crops breeding takes place under great pressure of time. Therefore, greenhouses are used to accelerate the breeding process which, in our latitude, requires lighting. The idea of using LEDs in greenhouses is becoming popular in horticulture due to LEDs physical properties, which allow on reduction of electricity consumption and on precise adjustment of the light spectrum to the requirements of cultivated plants. The usage of LED lightings in cereal breeding is a novelty. This article presents results obtained using the LED illuminator, based on white light emitting diodes in comparison to the high pressure sodium lamp (HPS) and a daylight. It has been shown that the LED illuminator can be used as a light source in greenhouses designed for cereals breeding. The seedlings elongation growth and number of days to heading were comparable between plants grown under HPS and LEDs and were greater in acceptable rate than results obtained for plants grown under summer daylight.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin; 2018, 284; 21-31
0373-7837
2657-8913
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Factors influencing the efficiency of wheat anther culture
Autorzy:
Lantos, C.
Pauk, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2117772.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
androgenesis
anther culture
doubled haploid
Triticum aestivum L.
wheat
Opis:
Using in vitro androgenesis serves as a unique opportunity to produce doubled haploid (DH) plants in many species. More benefits of this biological phenomenon have kept these methods in the focus of fundamental research and crop breeding for decades. In common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), in vitro anther culture is one of the most frequently applied DH plant production methods. The efficiency of in vitro wheat anther culture is influenced by many factors, such as the genotype, growing conditions, collection time, pre-treatments, and compositions of media and culture conditions. According to some critical review, the genotype dependency, low efficiency and albinism are mentioned as limitations of application of the anther culture method. However, some research groups have made significant efforts to diminish the effects of these bottlenecks. Due to the improvements, a well-established in vitro anther culture method can be an efficient tool in modern wheat breeding programs.
Źródło:
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica; 2020, 62, 2; 7-16
0001-5296
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pathogenicity and quantitative resistance in Mediterranean durum and bread wheat cultivars of Syrian origin towards Fusarium head blight agents under controlled conditions
Autorzy:
Sakr, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2084875.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Fusarium head blight (FHB)
pathogenic variation
Triticum aestivum
wheat resistance
Triticum durum
Opis:
Although Syrian high-yielding wheat cultivars grown under Mediterranean conditions include acceptable levels of resistance to biotic constraints, little is known about their susceptibility to Fusarium head blight (FHB), a harmful disease of wheat cultivation worldwide. The capacity of 16 fungal isolates of four FHB species to confer the disease on spikes and spikelets of six widely grown old and modern Syrian durum and bread wheat cultivars with known in vitro quantitative resistance to FHB was evaluated. Quantitative traits were visually assessed using spray and point inoculations for determining disease development rates, disease incidence (DI) and disease severity (DS) under controlled conditions. Differences in pathogenicity and susceptibility among wheat cultivars were observed, emphasizing the need for breeders to include aggressive isolates or a mixture of isolates representative of the FHB diversity in their screenings for selection of disease resistant cultivars. Bread wheat cultivars showed lower levels of spike and spikelet damage than durum cultivars regardless of the date of cultivar release. Overall, the six wheat cultivars expressed acceptable resistance levels to initial fungal infection and fungal spread. Quantitative traits showed significant correlation with previous standardized area under disease progress curve (AUDPCstandard) data generated in vitro. Thus, the predictive ability of AUDPCstandard appears to be crucial in assessing pathogenicity and resistance in adult wheat plants under controlled conditions. While in the Mediterranean countries the risk of disease is progressively increasing, the preliminary data in this report adds to our knowledge about four FHB species pathogenicity on a Syrian scale, where the environment is quite similar to some Mediterranean wheat growing areas, and show that Syrian cultivars could be new resistant donors with favorable agronomical characteristics in FHB-wheat breeding programs.
Źródło:
Journal of Plant Protection Research; 2019, 59, 4; 451-464
1427-4345
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Plant Protection Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of light on nitrate uptake by wheat roots
Autorzy:
Li, J.
Gao, J.
Jiang, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/56482.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
light effect
nitrate uptake
Triticum aestivum
wheat
root
plant growth
Opis:
Illuminating shoots stimulates nitrate uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. ‘EM18’) roots. A method with a high time resolution (minutes), non-invasive technique, has enabled to measure the nitrate uptake time coarsely. The nitrate uptake by wheat roots increases in the light and decreases in the dark. The mechanism is thought to be via a signal carried in phloem, probably a sugar.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2013, 82, 3
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowoczesne fenotypy zbóż do uprawy na obszarach zagrożonych suszą
Modern phenotypes of cereals for growing in areas endangered with drought
Autorzy:
Rybka, Krystyna
Nita, Zygmunt
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198719.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-09-30
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
fenomika
hodowla
plon
pszenica
Triticum aestivum
breeding
phenomics
wheat
yield
Opis:
Rosnące zapotrzebowanie na żywność jak również uwarunkowania ekonomiczne stawiają przed hodowlą wymaganie ciągłego podnoszenia produktywności odmian wprowadzanych do uprawy. Zielona rewolucja zaowocowała wprowadzeniem form karłowatych i na półwiecze zdeterminowała mechanizmy podnoszenia plonowania przez zwiększanie indeksu plonowania (HI), które wraz z wysoką kulturą rolną pozwoliły na osiągnięcie plonów pszenicy wyższych niż 10 t/ha. Osiągnięto optymalną wielkość HI (dla pszenicy ≈ 0,64), tak więc potencjał plonowania związany z tym parametrem został wyczerpany i w związku z tym pojawiło się pytanie jakie fenotypy zbóż zagwarantują dalszy wzrost plonów w nadchodzących dekadach, dla których prognozowane jest zjawisko pogłębiającej się suszy glebowej. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki modelowania ideotypów pszenicy wygenerowanych w ośrodku badawczo-hodowlanym w Rothamsted (UK) przy użyciu mechanistycznego modelu Sirius rozszerzonego o algorytm ewolucyjny (GA-SA) i prognozy klimatyczne (HadCM3). Zarysowano biochemiczne i fizjologiczne uwarunkowania odporności roślin na suszę oraz poruszono zagadnienie efektywnego wykorzystania wody przez rośliny uprawne.
The increasing food demand and economic conditions force constant increase of crop yield. Green revolution introduced dwarf forms and for five decades determined mechanisms of yield growth by increasing harvest index (HI) which, combined with advances in agricultural practices, resulted in wheat grain yield greater than 10 t/ha. The optimal HI level was reached (≈ 0.64 for wheat) thus exhausting yield potential related to this parameter. This initiated a search for new crop phenotypes which would guarantee continuing yield increase in the future decades in the prospect of increasing soil drought. In this article, the results of wheat ideotypes simulation generated by mechanistic Sirius model enhanced by evolutionary algorithm (GA-SA) and climate scenarios (HadCM3) are presented. They are discussed in the context of selection priorities in crop breeding in Poland. The biochemical and physiological factors determining plant drought resistance and efficient water use by cereal crops are also presented.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin; 2014, 273; 55-72
0373-7837
2657-8913
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Source-sink relationships and grain weight at different positions within wheat spike.
Autorzy:
Chanda, S.V.
Singh, Y.D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198848.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002-12-22
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
grain growth rate
grain filling duration
source-sink
Triticum aestivum
Opis:
The response in growth and final weight of grains from basal, middle and apical spikelets to increases in assimilate availability was studied by modifying source-sink relationships during the grain growth period in a wheat cultivar Lok-1. The source-sink relationship was altered in 1500 plants by removing spikelets in various positions i.e. either apical, middle or basal spikelets were pinched off on the day of anthesis. The final grain weight, grain growth rate and grain filling period (duration) was significantly affected by increasing the source capacity per grain by trimming i.e. removing some spikelets. The final grain weight was positively significantly correlated with grain growth rate while it was significantly but inversely correlated with grain filling duration. A clear effect of position of grain in spikelet and its (spikelet) position on the spike could be visualized. The results imply that there is a possibility that the availability of photosynthates is limiting and does not fully satisfy grain growth requirements. It is suggested that in this cultivar during post-anthesis period, grain yield is source limited.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2002, 46, 2; 67-73
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relationship between water content and grain weight in developing wheat grains.
Autorzy:
Chanda, S. V.
Singh, Y.D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198878.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002-06-23
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
grain growth analysis
water content
biphasic regression analysis
Triticum aestivum
Opis:
Grains from basal (4th), central (8th) and apical (12th) spikelets of a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Lok-1 were investigated for their fresh weight, dry weight and water content. Each spikelet had 3 grains and so in all 9 grains were analyzed. Grain dry weight data was fitted to polynomial equations and biphasic linear regression analysis. The experiments described here indicated that grains having maximum water content had maximum grain weight and vice versa. Maximum water content and maximum grain weight showed a highly significant linear correlation (P < 0.001). It is suggested that in genetic manipulation in wheat, maximum water content can be a used as a reliable criterion to help in selection for final grain weight.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2002, 46, 1; 55-60
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Detection of multi-nutrients deficiency in cereal plants by the use of chlorophyll fluorescence
Autorzy:
Jaszczuk, Zuzanna M.
Bąba, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28411656.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
abiotic stress
JIP test
photosynthesis
Triticum aestivum
Zea mays
Opis:
Nutrient deficiency (ND) stands as a prominent environmental factor that significantly impacts global plant growth and productivity. While numerous methods have been employed for detecting nutrient deficiencies in plants, many of them are invasive, time-consuming, and costly. In contrast, chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) signals have emerged as a non-destructive tool for the identification of specific nutrient deficiencies, such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), across various plant species. In this pioneering study, ChlF measurements were employed for the first time to detect a combination of nutrient deficiencies, including deficiencies in nitrogen and phosphorus (-NP), nitrogen and potassium (-NK), potassium and phosphorus (-KP), and a complete NPK deficiency (-NPK). The experiment was conducted using wheat (Triticum aestivum) and maize (Zea mays) plants, which were grown under controlled laboratory conditions. An optimal hydroponic system was established to facilitate eight experimental conditions, namely: control, -N, -P, -K, -NP, -NK, -KP, and -NPK. Measurements were systematically collected at two-day intervals over a span of 24 days. Our findings demonstrate that chlorophyll fluorescence signals can enable the differentiation of various nutrient deficiencies even prior to the onset of observable symptoms. Furthermore, the examination of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters enables us not only to identify a singular macronutrient deficiency but also to detect multiple macronutrient deficiencies concurrently in a plant.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2023, 59; 224--233
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Endogenous Contamination of Wheat by Species of Genera Aspergillus and Penicillium
Endogenne zanieczyszczenia pszenicy przez gatunki rodzaju Aspergillus i Penicillium
Autorzy:
Tančinová, D.
Felšociová, S.
Dovičová, M.
Mašková, Z.
Labuda, R.
Javoreková, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/389297.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
grzyby
Aspergillus
Penicillium
Triticum aestivum L.
pszenica
fungi
wheat
Opis:
The aim of this study was to analyse the endogenous mycobiota of superficially sterilised wheat grains with the focus on Aspergillus (including two teleomorphs) and Penicillium genera. The Slovak wheat samples (Triticum aestivum L.) were harvested in the season 2006. The total of 6 wheat samples grown under conditions of the conventional and 12 of the ecological farming system were inyestigated for the presence of mtcroscopical fungi. A total of 17 genera were recovered as members of the endogenous mycobiota on Di-chloran Rosę Bengal Chloramphenicol agar (DRBC) and Dichloran Yeast Extract 18 % Glycerol agar (DYSG). On DRBC were detected Aspergillus and Penicillium species only from the ecological agriculture, namely A. candidus, A. flavus, A. niger, Emericella nidulans, Eurotium amslelodami, E. chevalieri, Eurotium sp., Penicillium aurantiogriseum, P. chrysogenum, P. corylophilum, P. crustosum, P. griseofulwm, P. viridi-catum and Penicillium sp. On DYSG were detected Eurotium species (E. amstelodami, E. chevalieri, E. repens, E. rubrum) and Penicillium species (P. griseofulvum, P. hordei) both from ecological and conventional agriculture. From the ecological wheat was isolated a wider spectrum of fungi on DYSG in comparison with the conventional agriculture, namely A. flavus, A. ochraceus, A. sydowii, Emericella nidulans, E. amstelodami, E. chevalieri, E. repens, E. rubrum, Eurotium sp. P. aurantiogriseum, P. crustosum, P. solitum and Penicillium sp. The isolates of potentially toxigenic species of Aspergillus, Emericella and Penicillium were tested for their ability to produce particular toxic metabolites, ie mycotoxins in Mitro by means of a thin layer chromatography (TLC). Ali the tested isolates were obtained from the samples of ecological agriculture. Out of 18 screened isolates 11 produced at least one mycotoxin and a production was vague in 2 isolates. One iso-late (out of one) produced sterigmatocystin, 6 (out of 11) cyclopiazonic acid (production was vague in 2 isolates), and patulin 3 (out of 3). Conversely, none of potentially aflatoxinogenic isolates (Aspergillus flavus) tested in this study produced aflatoxins. Two isolates were tested for the production of ochratoxin A, Aspergillus niger did not produce ochratoxin A and in A. ochraceus production was unclear.
Celem badań było rozpoznanie endogennych grzybów ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem rodzajów Aspergillus i Penicillium na ziarnach pszenicy poddanych powierzchownej sterylizacji. Próbki pszenicy (Triticum aestimm L.) pochodziły ze zbiorów z 2006 r. ze Słowacji. Sześć próbek pszenicy pochodziło z upraw konwencjonalnej, a dwanaście próbek z upraw ekologicznych. Rozpoznano 17 rodzajów endogennych grzybów wyhodowanych na DRBC (Dichloran Rosę Bengal Chloramphenicol agar) i DYSG (Dichloran Yeast Extract 18 % Glycerol agar). Gatunki z Aspergillus i Penicillium, tj.: A. candidus, A. Jlavus, A. niger, Emericella nidulans, Eurotium amstelodami, E. chevalieri, Eurotium sp., Penicillium aurantiogriseum, P. chrysogenum, P. corylophilum, P. crustosum, P. griseofulvum, P. viridicatum i Penicillium sp. wykryte na DRBC pochodziły wyłącznie z upraw ekologicznych. Na DYSG stwierdzono gatunki z rodzaju Eurotium (E. amstelodami, E. chevalieri, E. repens, E. rubrum) oraz z rodzaju Penicillium (P. griseofulvum, P. hordei). Znajdowały się one na ziarnach z obu typów badanych upraw. Więcej gatunków grzybów wyizolowano DYSG z ziarna pochodzącego z upraw ekologicznych niż z ziarna pochodzącego z upraw konwencjonalnych. Były to: A. flavus, A. ochraceus, A. sydowii, Emericella nidulans, E. amstelodami, E. chevalieri, E. repens, E, rubrum, Eurotium sp. P. aurantiogriseum, P. crustosum, P. solilum i Penicillium sp. Wyizolowane gatunki z rodzajów Aspergillus, Emericella i Penicillium zbadano in vitro pod kątem produkcji toksycznych metabolitów, tj. mykotoksyn metodą chromatografii cienkowarstwowej (TLC). Wszystkie badane próbki pochodziły z upraw ekologicznych. Spośród 18 próbek wyizolowanych grzybów w 11 stwierdzono obecność przynajmniej jednej mykotoksyny. W 2 próbkach wyizolowanych grzybów obecność mykotoksyny była wątpliwa, w jednej stwierdzono obecność sterigmatocystyny, w 6 (spośród 11) odnotowano obecność kwasu cyklopiazonowego (obecność w dwóch próbkach była wątpliwa), a w 3 próbkach obecna była patulina. W żadnej z wyizolowanych próbek grzybów nie stwierdzono obecności aflatoksyn. Dwie próbki wyizolowanych grzybów zostały poddane testom na obecność ochratoksyny A. Aspergillus niger nie produkował ochratoksyny A, natomiast w próbkach A. ochraceus obecność ochratoksyny A była wątpliwa.
Źródło:
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A; 2010, 17, 1; 135-142
1898-6188
2084-4530
Pojawia się w:
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 97

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