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Wyszukujesz frazę "working memory" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Die Arbeitsgedächtniskapazität in der Dolmetschausbildung: Implikationen für die Didaktik
Autorzy:
Schinske, Tara-Semira
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/53376667.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-01-20
Wydawca:
Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe
Tematy:
working memory capacity
Interpreting Studies
interpreter education
working memory span tasks
Opis:
The aim of the present empirical study was to test whether the working memory capacity of interpreting and translation students differs, in order to shed light on the role of working memory capacity in interpreter education. Six interpreting students and five translation students, all pursuing a master’s degree at Innsbruck University, were tested on working memory capacity tasks: speaking span, counting span, listening span, and subtract 2 span. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test showed that the results of the speaking span (p = 0,0246) and subtract 2 span (p = 0,013) are statistically significant. In both these tests, the interpreting students outperformed the translation students significantly. Moreover, a correlation analysis was conducted to determine whether more advanced students showed a higher memory span, which was the case in both tests. The results of this study suggest that interpreting students develop a higher working memory span throughout their master’s degree, which gives reason to believe that working memory capacity training as early as in the bachelor’s degree could lead to a reduced cognitive load when the students start their interpreter education. These findings are, however, based on a small sample (n = 11), as a reason of which, they should be viewed with caution. In terms of Open Science, all test documents, results and analyses can be found under the DOI 10.5281/zenodo.6985735.
Źródło:
Studia Translatorica; 2023, 14; 197-210
2084-3321
2657-4802
Pojawia się w:
Studia Translatorica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effectiveness of working memory training – points to consider for future research
Autorzy:
Szewczyk, Rafal
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430631.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
working memory training
effectiveness of WMT
working memory capacity
near- and far-transfer
Opis:
Working memory training (WMT) has recently become one of the most debated issues in the field of cognitive psychology. Since working memory (WM) is considered a strong correlate of IQ, numerous researchers have been trying to increase the latter by training the former. Proven effectiveness of working memory training could lead to its application in the therapy of many cognitive impairments. WMT could be also used as a tool of improving cognitive functioning of healthy subjects. However, almost every publication claiming to provide evidence for achieving one of above mentioned objectives has been criticised, mostly because of methodological shortcomings. The aim of my presentation is to extract potential sources of inconsistencies existing between the authors of meta-analysis and reviews of WMT research. For this reason I take a closer look at results and conclusions of several meta-analysis and reviews. As a result I point few indications that should be taken into consideration in future studies on WMT effectiveness.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 1; 43-50
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The role of executive processes in working memory deficits in Parkinson’s Disease
Autorzy:
Gruszka, Aleksandra
Bor, Daniel
Barker, Roger R.
Necka, Edward
Owen, Adrian M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430574.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Parkinson’s disease
spatial working memory
verbal working memory
frontal lobe
executive function
Opis:
Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) impairs working memory, but the exact nature of this deficit in terms of the underlying cognitive mechanisms is not well understood. In this study patients with mild clinical symptoms of PD were compared with matched healthy control subjects on a computerized battery of tests designed to assess spatial working memory and verbal working memory. In the spatial working memory task, subjects were required to recall a sequence of four locations. The verbal working memory task was methodologically identical except for the modality of the stimuli used, requiring subjects to orally recall a sequence of six digits. In either case, half of the sequences were structured in a way that allowed ‘chunking’, while others were unstructured. This manipulation was designed to dissociate the strategic component of task performance from the memory-load component. Mild medicated patients with PD were impaired only on the structured versions of the verbal working memory tasks. The analogous deficit in the spatial working memory was less pronounced. These findings are in agreement with the hypothesis that working memory deficits in PD reflect mainly the executive component of the tasks and that the deficits may be at least partly modality-independent.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 1; 123-130
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New Conceptualizations of Language Aptitude - The Potential of Working Memory in Second Language Acquisition (SLA)
Autorzy:
Grymska, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/783201.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
language aptitude
working memory
SLA
Opis:
The chapter sheds light on new conceptualizations of foreign language aptitude by emphasizing the role of working memory (WM). It is organised into 3 sections. The first section presents a brief historical overview of the research on language aptitude based on John Carroll’s work. The second part elaborates on working memory construct discussing Baddeley’s multi-component model of WM and its functions. The paper proposes incorporating working memory as a crucial component of language aptitude construct. In the light of the issue mentioned above, the third section of the article focuses on the newest and original empirical evidence which supports the role of WM in different aspects of L2 learning, i.e. reading, listening, speaking, writing and bilingual interpretation as well as vocabulary and grammar learning. Its concluding part reflects upon the relevance of language aptitude paving the way for future research.
Źródło:
Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition; 2016, 2, 1
2450-5455
2451-2125
Pojawia się w:
Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Capacity, Control, or Both – Which Aspects of Working Memory Contribute to Children’s General Fluid Intelligence?
Autorzy:
Nęcka, Edward
Lulewicz, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430619.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
working memory
intelligence
n-back
schoolchildren
Opis:
Starting from the assumption that working memory capacity is an important predictor of general fluid intelligence, we asked which aspects of working memory account for this relationship. Two theoretical stances are discussed. The first one posits that the important explanatory factor is storage capacity, roughly defined as the number of chunks possible to hold in the focus of attention. The second one claims that intelligence is explained by the efficiency of executive control, for instance, by prepotent response inhibition. We investigated 96 children at the age between 10 and 13. They completed a version of the n-back task that allows assessment of both storage capacity and inhibitory control. They also completed Raven’s Progressive Matrices as the fluid intelligence test and the Test for Creative Thinking - Drawing Production, for control purposes. We found that Raven’s scores correlated negatively with the number of unnecessary responses to irrelevant stimuli but they did not correlate with the number of signal detections. We conclude that children’s fluid intelligence depends on inhibitory control, with no relationship with storage capacity.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 1; 21-28
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish Nonword Span (PNWSPAN): A new tool for measuring phonological loop capacity
Autorzy:
Biedroń, Adriana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/913094.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-07-11
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
working memory
phonological loop
nonword repetition
Opis:
The phonological loop, which is a component of working memory, is considered to be one of the most significant factors affecting L1 and L2 learning. In order to measure this construct properly, a reliable instrument in the native language of the participants is needed. The purpose of this paper is to present the Polish Nonword Span PNWSPAN, which is a tool constructed to measure verbal working memory, in particular the phonological loop, in the case of adults. The article presents the theoretical framework of the study and the process of construction of the test, namely its structure, scoring and validation procedure.
Źródło:
Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics; 2018, 45, 2; 309-327
0072-4769
Pojawia się w:
Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Are there any links among psychopathological symptoms, musical preferences and verbal working memory in female adults?
Autorzy:
Giannouli, Vaitsa
Stoyanova, Stanislava
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2137703.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-03-19
Wydawca:
Fundacja Edukacji Medycznej, Promocji Zdrowia, Sztuki i Kultury Ars Medica
Tematy:
working memory
psychopathology
music
adults
women
Opis:
The question ‘Do psychopathology dimensions correlate with musical preferences in healthy individuals?’ still remains poorly investigated. Additionally, verbal working memory, psychopathology and music preferences have not been examined together. Participants consisted of ninety-three young women without a previous or current psychiatric diagnosis. All participants were examined with the Forward Digit Span Task, and completed a psychopathology symptom instrument along with a musical preferences question. Results revealed that the Global Score Index, Somatization, Hostility and Depression correlated in a statistically significant way with musical preferences in female adults. Hostility and Depression predicted classical music preferences. Depression, Obsessive/Compulsive, Somatization and Hostility predicted a pop preference, while Somatization and Psychoticism predicted a rock preference. No significant correlations were found between the above variables and verbal working memory, except for a significant correlation between age and the span of the working memory. Certain psychopathology dimensions do not influence cognition in the form of the verbal working memory in women, but can predict a specific choice of music genres. Findings suggest that music listening preferences may represent a field of inner experiences that could reveal easy-to-obtain information about the mental health of women who have not an official psychiatric diagnosis, but may be at risk of developing psychological problems due to high self-reported symptoms of psychopathology.
Źródło:
Acta Neuropsychologica; 2018, 16(1); 9-15
1730-7503
2084-4298
Pojawia się w:
Acta Neuropsychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EEG NEUROFEEDBACK IN THE TREATMENT OF COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTIONS AFTER THE INFECTION OF SARS-COV-2 AND LONG COVID-19
Autorzy:
Łuckoś, Maria
Cielebąk, Ksenia
Kamiński, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2138045.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-08-31
Wydawca:
Fundacja Edukacji Medycznej, Promocji Zdrowia, Sztuki i Kultury Ars Medica
Tematy:
cognitive control
stress
anxiety
working memory
Opis:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is likely to have long-term mental health effects on individuals who have recovered from COVID-19. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 can see a range of long-term side effects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of neurotherapy (EEG neurofeedback and goal-oriented cognitive training) in the treatment of neurocognitive dysfunctions in a patient after the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and the long long-term side effects after the contraction of COVID-19. The 48-year-old woman ZR, an accountant by profession, an employee of the administration of the Municipal Board of Municipal Resources, fell ill on October 13, 2020. The disease began with very severe burning headache, eyeballs pain, muscle aches. Ten days later more symptoms joined: loss of smell (anosmia) and loss of taste (ageusia), hearing disorders, shortness of breath and chest pains. The symptoms were associated with SARS-CoV-2 coron- avirus infection confirmed by an rt-PCR genetic test. Brain MRI with intravenous paramagnetic contrast medium injection did not show either lesions of acute microischemic significance or areas of pathological enhancement after paramagnetic contrast medium ad- ministration. The patient was treated at home. In mid-November 2020, about a month after the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and con- tracting NeuroCOVID-19, neurocognitive impairment developed and after half a year she was deteriorating and not able to live in- dependently in society because of her condition. She called her problem "brain fog", and was referred for further diagnosis and therapy to the Reintegration and Training Center of the Polish Neuropsychological Society. We diagnosed a range of long-term side effects and introduced neurotherapy (EEG neurofeedback and goal-oriented cognitive training) in the treatment of neurocognitive dysfunctions. It was found that almost all the long-term side effects were reduced in magnitude. The patient improved and she was able to return to work. EEG neurofeedback and goal-oriented cognitive training might be helpful in the reduction of neurocognitive dysfunctions in patients following the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and long-term side effects after the contraction of COVID-19.
Źródło:
Acta Neuropsychologica; 2021, 19(3); 361-372
1730-7503
2084-4298
Pojawia się w:
Acta Neuropsychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish Listening SPAN: A new tool for measuring verbal working memory
Autorzy:
Zychowicz, Katarzyna
Biedroń, Adriana
Pawlak, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780475.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
working memory
central executive
listening span
Opis:
Individual differences in second language acquisition (SLA) encompass differences in working memory capacity, which is believed to be one of the most crucial factors influencing language learning. However, in Poland research on the role of working memory in SLA is scarce due to a lack of proper Polish instruments for measuring this construct. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the process of construction and validation of the Polish Listening Span (PLSPAN) as a tool intended to measure verbal working memory of adults. The article presents the requisite theoretical background as well as the information about the PLSPAN, that is, the structure of the test, the scoring procedures and the steps taken with the aim of validating it.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2017, 7, 4; 601-618
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish Nonword Span (PNWSPAN): A new tool for measuring phonological loop capacity
Autorzy:
Zychowicz, Katarzyna
Biedroń, Adriana
Pawlak, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/913084.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-07
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
working memory
phonological loop
nonword repetition
Źródło:
Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics; 2018, 45, 2; 309-327
0072-4769
Pojawia się w:
Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Why expressive suppression does not pay? Cognitive costs of negative emotion suppression: The mediating role of subjective tense-arousal
Autorzy:
Szczygieł, Dorota
Maruszewski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430471.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-09-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
expressive suppression
subjective tense arousal
memory
working memory
Opis:
The aim of this paper was to contribute to a broader understanding of the cognitive consequences of expressive suppression. Specifically, we examined whether the deteriorating effect of expressive suppression on cognitive functioning is caused by tense arousal enhanced by suppression. Two experiments were performed in order to test this prediction. In both studies we tested the effect of expressive suppression on working memory, as measured with a backwards digit-span task (Study 1, N = 43) and anagram problem-solving task (Study 2, N = 60). In addition, in Study 2 we tested whether expressive suppression degrades memory of the events that emerged during the period of expressive suppression. Both studies were conducted in a similar design: Participants watched a film clip which evoked negative emotions (i.e. disgust in Study 1 and a combination of sadness and anxiety in Study 2) under the instruction to suppress those negative emotions or (in the control condition) to simply watch the film. The results of these experiments lead to three conclusions. First, the results reveal that expressive suppression degrades memory of the events that emerged during the period of expressive suppression and leads to poorer performance on working memory tasks, as measured with a backwards digit-span task and anagram problem-solving task. Second, the results indicate that expressive suppression leads to a significant increase in subjective tense arousal. Third, the results support our prediction that expressive suppression decreases cognitive performance through its effects on subjective tense arousal. The results of the Study 1 show that tense arousal activated during expressive suppression of disgust fully mediates the negative effect of suppression on working memory as measured with a backwards digit-span task. The results of Study 2 reveal that subjective tense arousal elicited while suppressing sadness and anxiety mediates both the effect of suppression on working memory - as measured with the anagram task - and memory of the events that occurred during the period of suppression.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2015, 46, 3; 336-349
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Is working memory working against suggestion susceptibility? Results from extended version of DRM paradigm
Autorzy:
Maciaszek, Patrycja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430625.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
false memories
working memory
memory
suggestion
feedback
DRM
Opis:
The paper investigates relationship between working memory efficiency, defined as the result of its’ processing & storage capacity (Oberauer et al., 2003) and the tendency to (1) create assosiative memory distortions (false memories, FM); (2) yield under the influence of external, suggesting factors. Both issues were examined using extended version of Deese-Roediger-McDermott procedure (1959, 1995), modified in order to meet the study demands. Suggestion was contained in an ostentatious feedback information the participants (N=88) received during the DRM procedure. Working memory (WM) was measured by standardized tasks (n-back, Jaeggi et al., 2010; automatic-ospan, Unsworth et al., 2005). Study included 3 conditions, differing in the quality of suggestion (positive, negative or neutral). Participants were assigned into 3 groups, depending on results they achieved completing the WM tasks. Obtained results alongside the previously set hypothesis, revealed that (1) WM impacts individuals’ tendency to create false memories in DRM and (2) that the individuals showing higher rates in WM tasks are less willing to yield to suggestion compared to those with lesser ones. It also showed that the greater amount to shift (Gudjonsson, 2003), emerges under the negative suggestion condition (collating positive). Notwithstanding that the interaction effect did not achieve saliency, both analyzed factors (WM and suggesting content) are considered as meaningful to explain memory suggestion susceptibility in presented study. Although, obtained results emphasize the crucial role of WM efficiency, that is believed to decide the magnitude of feedback that is influential in every subject. Therefore, issue demands further exploration.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 1; 62-72
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Meta-analysis of the research impact of Baddeley’s multicomponent working memory model and Cowan’s embedded-processes model of working memory: A bibliometric mapping approach
Autorzy:
Gruszka, Aleksandra
Orzechowski, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430623.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
multicomponent working memory model
embedded-processes model of working memory
meta-analysis
co-word analysis
bibliometric map
Opis:
In this study bibliometric mapping method was employed to visualise the current research trends and the impact of the two most influential models of working memory, namely: A. D. Baddeley and G. J. Hitch’s (1974) multicomponent working memory model and N. Cowan’s (1988) embedded-processes model of working memory. Using VOSviewer software two maps were generated based on the index-term words extracted from the research papers citing Baddeley (2000) and Cowan (2001), respectively. The maps represent networks of co-occurrences of index terms and can be interpreted as an indication of the main research fields related to the examined models of WM. The results of the analysis revealed that the spheres of influence of the two main conceptualisations of WM are rather different than similar. Although the first two clusters, i.e. “brain mapping” and “higher-level cognition and development” are present in both maps, their relative importance varies. The remaining clusters are unique to each map. Baddeley’s theory seems to have a greater influence on “neuropsychology”, while Cowan’s theory - on basic research on “biological systems”, including the nervous system in humans and animals. The second difference between these theories concerns their relations to functions and dysfunctions associated with particular sensory modalities: in Baddelay’s theory with the “auditory modality” cluster, and in Cowan’s - with the “visual modality” one.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 1; 1-11
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Where was it? Working memory as a predictor of passive vocabulary development in the third year of life
Autorzy:
Białecka-Pikul, Marta
Kosno, Magdalena
Byczewska-Konieczny, Karolina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430596.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
working memory development
passive vocabulary
joint attention
Opis:
The objective of the presented research was to test whether working memory, measured using the Spin the Pots task, is an important factor in passive vocabulary development in 2- and 3-year-old children. Two longitudinal studies were conducted. In the first, 135 children participated in the first study. At 18 months their responding to joint attention was measured, and then at 24 months their working memory and passive vocabulary was tested. It was demonstrated that responding to joint attention predicts the level of development of working memory, which in turn influences the extent of the passive vocabulary. In the second study, 113 children participated - at 30 months their working memory was measured, and at 24 months and then 36 months their passive vocabulary was tested. It was observed that at the age of 3 working memory is still a significant predictor of passive vocabulary. The usefulness of the Spin the Pots task for measuring the working memory of young children was shown and discussed in conclusions.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 1; 92-102
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Can we measure working memory via the Internet? The reliability and factorial validity of an online n-back task
Autorzy:
Kulikowski, Konrad
Potasz-Kulikowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430629.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
n-back
working memory
online
reliability
validity
Opis:
The aim of this study was to check whether an online n-back task conducted in the uncontrolled environment of the Internet can yield valid and reliable data. For this purpose, 169 participants completed an online n-back task with n1, n2 and n3 blocks on their home computers. The results have shown acceptable reliability for overall accuracy and reaction time indices across n1, n2, n3 blocks, as well as for reaction time indices for each n block. Unacceptable reliability has been found for separate n levels accuracy indices and for response bias indices. Confirmatory factor analysis has revealed that, among 8 proposed measurement models, the best fit for the data collected is a model with two uncorrelated factors: accuracy consisting of n1, n2, n3 indices and reaction time consisting of n2, n3 indices. The results of this study have demonstrated for the first time that a reliable administration of online n-back task is possible and may therefore give rise to new opportunities for working memory research.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 1; 51-61
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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