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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Biological markers and stable carbon isotope studies of bitumen impregnating Quaternary sediments at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine)
    Autorzy:
    Kotarba, M. J.
    Fabiańska, M.
    Więcław, D.
    Kowalski, A.
    Zych, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191516.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    biomarkers
    stable carbon isotopes
    bitumen content
    oil origin
    woolly rhinoceros
    Starunia palaeontological site
    Carpathian region
    Ukraine
    Opis:
    Biological markers and stable carbon isotopic compositions of bitumen impregnating the Pleistocene and Holocene sediments around the Starunia palaeontological site (Carpathian region, Ukraine) near discovered remnants of a mammoth and three woolly rhinoceroses, and one almost completely preserved rhinoceros carcass found in 1907 and 1929, were investigated. The research was carried out to assess genetic connections between the bitumen and oils from the nearby deep accumulations of the Boryslav-Pokuttya and Skyba units of the Carpathians. Another aim of these geochemical studies was to reveal the secondary geochemical processes (oxidation and biodegradation) influencing the bitumen, and to determine which environments have been favourable or unfavourable for the preservation of large Pleistocene vertebrates. Bitumen included within the near-surface rocks are not genetically connected with residual organic matter present in Quaternary sediments. Geochemical features, such as distributions of pentacyclic triterpanes and steranes, biomarker parameters and isotope composition indicate that all bitumens originate from oil-prone, Type II kerogen with insignificant admixture of terrestrial Type III kerogen in the middle stage of catagenesis. The oils occurring in deep accumulations in the Starunia area were the sole source of bitumen found in the near-surface sediments. Input of immature organic matter to bitumen from Pleistocene and Holocene sediments has not been found. The main factors differentiating the bitumen were: biodegradation, water washing and/or weathering. Additional influence of transport of bitumen by brine was found. The most favourable conditions for preservation of large, extinct mammals within the Pleistocene muds exist in the vicinity of Nos 22 and 23 boreholes, where bitumen is best preserved. The worst conditions were found in the vicinity of Nos 1, 4, 4' and 15 boreholes. Intensification of biodegradation and weathering effects were followed by intensive, chaotic changes of the remnants of large Pleistocene mammals.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2009, 79, No 3; 463-480
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Distribution and origin of gaseous hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide in the Quaternary sediments at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine)
    Autorzy:
    Kotarba, M. J.
    Sechman, H.
    Dzieniewicz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191503.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    near-surface geochemical survey
    depth gas distribution
    stable carbon isotopes
    gaseous hydrocarbon origin
    carbon dioxide origin
    Quaternary sediments
    woolly rhinoceros
    Starunia palaeontological site
    Ukrainian Carpathians
    Opis:
    Near-surface gases were investigated in Starunia, where remains of mammoth and woolly rhinoceroses were discovered at the beginning of the 20th century. Samples were collected at 30 measurement sites, from 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2 and 4.0 m depths and analysed for their molecular and isotopic compositions. Most of the methane and all higher gaseous hydrocarbons accumulated within the near-surface zone are of thermogenic origin. The distribution of thermogenic methane and higher gaseous hydrocarbons in Quaternary sediments is variable and, generally, increases with depth. Microbial methane or a mixture of microbial and thermogenic methane also occurs at the near-surface zone. The presence of hydrogen and alkenes in the near-surface gases also suggests a contribution from recent, microbial processes. Helium of crustal origin migrated through the Rinne Fault and other tectonic zones located in the study area, and was subsequently dispersed during migration through the lithologically diversified Pleistocene and Holocene sediments. The high variability of the carbon dioxide concentration and stable carbon isotope composition at various depths in the near-surface zone is caused by its polygenetic origin (thermogenic, microbial, and oxidation of hydrocarbons and Quaternary organic matter), and also by its dissolution in water and oil during migration through lithologically diversified Pleistocene and Holocene sediments. Zones of thermogenic methane occurrence within Pleistocene sediments, dominated by muds saturated with bitumen and brines, provide the most favourable environment for preservation of large extinct mammals. It is likely that during the Pleistocene winters, when thick ice and snow covered the tundra lake and swamp, zones of outflow of brines, oils, helium, and thermogenic gaseous hydrocarbons had a higher temperature, which could have resulted in melting and cracking of the ice cover and drowning of large mammals. The most favourable conditions for preservation of large, extinct mammals probably still exists in the vicinity of sampling probe sites Nos 21, 22, 23 and 36. Zones of dominance of microbial methane concentrations are less favourable sites for preservation of extinct mammals, because this methane was generated within recent swamps and also within recent descending meteoric waters which infiltrated into Pleistocene and Holocene sediments. Older Pleistocene microbial gases have already escaped to the atmosphere.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2009, 79, No 3; 403-419
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Interdisciplinary studies at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine) in the years 2006-2009: previous discoveries and research, purposes, results and perspectives
    Autorzy:
    Kotarba, M. J
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191538.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    Starunia
    abandoned ozokerite mine
    palaeontological site
    woolly rhinoceros
    Pleistocene
    Carpathian region
    Ukraine
    Opis:
    The discovery of large Pleistocene mammals in 1907 and 1929 in the Starunia ozokerite mine, about 130 kilometres southeast of Lviv, Ukraine, was a spectacular scientific event on a world scale. A unique combination of brine and oil, into which the animals had sunk, resulted in the near perfect preservation of woolly rhinoceros. In 2004, investigations in Starunia were restarted by Polish and Ukrainian scientists. This issue of Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae contains 18 papers which present the results of field and laboratory studies in the Starunia area completed by Polish scientists in the years 2006-2009. Interdisciplinary studies were realized by eleven thematic working groups on: Quaternary lithology and sedimentology, palaeobotany (palynology and analysis of macrofossils), botany (analysis of halophytes), palaeozoology (malacological analysis), radiocarbon dating, microbiology, surface and near-surface geochemistry, organic geochemistry (bitumen content and its fractions, biomarkers and stable carbon isotopes) and inorganic geochemistry (chloride ion analysis), geoelectric survey (DC resistivity soundings, electromagnetic terrain conductivity measurements, resistivity imaging, penetrometer-based resistivity profiling and azimuthal pole-dipole DC resistivity soundings) and microgravimetric survey. Results of these studies enabled recognition of the geological setting and sedimentary environment of Quaternary sediments, which hosted the Pleistocene fossils, and to determine the most favourable area of about 1,000 square metres for subsequent prospecting for extinct mammals within Pleistocene sediments in Starunia.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2009, 79, No 3; 219-241
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Radiocarbon dating of plant remnants in Quaternary sediments at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine)
    Autorzy:
    Kuc, T.
    Różański, K.
    Stachowicz-Rybka, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191550.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    radiocarbon dating
    AMS dating
    woolly rhinoceros
    Starunia
    Carpathian region
    Ukraine
    Opis:
    Radiocarbon dating applied on several occasions in the past to date animal bones and animal soft tissue originating from the area of the Starunia palaeontological site turned out to be very controversial. Although investigations of Pleistocene flora in the Starunia area go back to the beginning of the 20th century, no published 14C dates of such material are available to date. Sixteen boreholes drilled in the area of the Pleistocene mammals discoveries, in the framework of a multidisciplinary research project (2006-2009), have been selected for radiocarbon dating of plant macrofossils. Moreover, five samples of plant remnants extracted from two outcrops in the area were 14C-dated. The nature of the dated plant material, in some cases soaked with oil, posed specific methodological problems. Although applied chemical treatment of macrofossil samples led to complete removal of contaminating hydrocarbons in the case of small pieces, some ageing effects in terms of radiocarbon dating cannot be completely ruled out. Radiocarbon ages of macrofossil samples originating from the close neighbourhood of the location, where the "second" woolly rhinoceros was found at a depth of 12.5 m, suggest that the minimum age of sediments in which the Pleistocene mammals were found is in the range of ca. 35-40 ka BP. A broad consistency between palynological reconstruction of Younger Dryas/Preboreal boundary and the corresponding radiocarbon ages of macrofossils is observed for locations, where the natural sedimentary sequence for late Glacial and early Holocene was not disturbed by extensive mining activity in the area.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2009, 79, No 3; 289-296
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Surface geochemical survey at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine)
    Autorzy:
    Sechman, H.
    Kotarba, M. J.
    Dzieniewicz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191493.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
    Tematy:
    surface geochemical survey
    stable carbon isotopes
    methane origin
    gaseous hydrocar bon C2-C5
    carbon dioxide origin
    woolly rhinoceros
    Starunia
    Carpathian region
    Ukraine
    Opis:
    A surface geochemical survey was carried out in an abandoned ozokerite mine in Starunia, where remnants of a mammoth and three woolly rhinoceroses and one almost completely preserved rhinoceros carcass were found in 1907 and 1929. In total, 689 measurement sites were defined within the selected 300×350 m rectangle (ca. 10.5 ha). The analysed soil gases vary in their molecular and isotopic compositions. Several zones with anomalous methane concentrations over 10 vol% were identified in the study area. These anomalous concentrations correlate well with total C2-C5 alkane anomalies (over 1 vol%). The zones with carbon dioxide concentrations over 15 vol% are generally shifted SW of those, where the methane and the sum of C2-C5 alkanes anomalies were identified. High helium concentrations of crustal origin (over 0.001 vol%) are clustered near fault zones. In a majority of cases methane is of thermogenic origin, migrating to the near-surface zone from deep-seated accumulations. Microbial methane, or methane with a high microbial component, is genetically related to recent swamps. The high variability of concentrations of gaseous components together with the highly variable isotopic composition of individual gases in the soil, indicate their thermogenic and/or microbial origin, and point to the lithological diversity of Quaternary sediments in the study area. Several zones with thermogenic gaseous hydrocarbons and helium were delineated. It is likely that during the Pleistocene winters, under a thick ice and snow cover, the tundra lake and swamp zones around outflows of brines, oil, helium and thermogenic gases had a higher temperature, which resulted in melting and cracking of the ice cover. These sites would be more prospective for future search of well-preserved large vertebrates.
    Źródło:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2009, 79, No 3; 375-390
    0208-9068
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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