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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    Ocena energetyczno-ekonomiczna ogrzewania dendromasą
    Power use and economic evaluation of dendromass heating
    Autorzy:
    Piszczalka, J.
    Korenko, M.
    Rutkowski, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/287543.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Rolniczej
    Tematy:
    biomasa
    ogrzewanie
    zużycie
    gaz
    drewno
    koszty ogrzewania
    dom jednorodzinny
    biomass
    house heating
    gas consumption
    wood use
    heating costs
    Opis:
    Badaniami objęto dom jednorodzinny z okolic Nitry (Słowacja) o powierzchni mieszkalnej 138 m2 cechujący się dobrą izolacyjnością ścian. W budynku tym badano zużycie i koszty dwóch rodzajów paliwa (gazu i drewna) stosowanych do ogrzewania. Przy rocznym zapotrzebowaniu energii wynoszącym 94 000 MJ, spalanie drewna pozwala na uzyskanie oszczędności rzędu 35% wg cen gazu z roku 2003, zaś drewna z roku 2006.
    A single family home from the Nitra area (Slovakia) having the area of 138 sq.m. and good wall insulation was selected for research. The consumption and cost of two types of fuel (gas and wood) used for heating were tested in the building. At annual energy demand of 94,000 MJ, burning of wood resulted in savings of about 35%, based on gas prices from 2003 and wood prices from 2006.
    Źródło:
    Inżynieria Rolnicza; 2007, R. 11, nr 6 (94), 6 (94); 189-196
    1429-7264
    Pojawia się w:
    Inżynieria Rolnicza
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Predictions on availability and possibilities of the use of wood for energy purposes in Europe and in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Kaliszewski, A.
    Golos, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38337.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    availability
    possibility
    use
    wood
    energy purpose
    climatic policy
    Europe
    Polska
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of studies concerning the availability and possibilities of the use of wood for energy purposes in Europe and in Poland. It describes in detail the current use of wood for energy production purposes, as well as predictions on volume, composition, and sources of energy wood. It also presents the results concerning potential impact of energy wood harvesting on wood industries. The paper concludes that the question of utilization of forest biomass for large-scale energy generation is very complex and has far-reaching consequences for environment, society and economy. So as to be effective, wood resources management should give a priority to wood-based production of the greatest added value, and energy generation should be a closing-down stage in the wood value chain.
    Źródło:
    Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2014, 56, 2
    0071-6677
    Pojawia się w:
    Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Reducing Kickback of Portable Combustion Chain Saws and Related Injury Risks: Laboratory Tests and Deductions
    Autorzy:
    Dąbrowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90349.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
    Tematy:
    chainsaw
    kickback
    saw chain
    kickback energy
    kickback angle
    safe use
    wood cutting
    Opis:
    Portable chain saws are still very dangerous machines. Reduced prices of these machines mean they are widely available to people who like DIY (do it yourself) and professionals. Kickback of chain saws is extremely dangerous for the operator. This paper discusses the results of laboratory investigations of combustion chain saws. The tests were conducted on a standardized kickback test stand and covered the course of kickback, its energy, angle and duration. The results showed that during the contact of a saw chain with wood, the first to appear was the process of wood cutting, which absorbed 90–95% of the reduced energy of the cutting system. The greater the absorbed energy, the smaller the kickback angle. Wood cutting work is particularly influenced by proper chain tension, the use of chains with anti-kickback links, guide bars with sliding endings and a quickly activated chain brake.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2012, 18, 3; 399-417
    1080-3548
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Study of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Post-Consumer Wood of Different Age
    Autorzy:
    Gayda, Serhiy
    Kiyko, Orest
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27323548.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
    Tematy:
    post-consumer wood
    physical properties
    mechanical properties
    characteristics
    strength
    recycling
    technology
    use
    Opis:
    It should be noted that there is currently a problem with wood resources in the woodworking industry. A potential, unused wood reserve is post-consumer wood (PCW). The problem with the quality of this wood resource has not been fully resolved since there is no regulatory database. In fact, there is a lack of appropriate regulatory documents, which makes it impossible to describe to a full extent the physical and mechanical properties of PCW of common wood species of different ages as a source of additional raw materials for various woodworking technologies. Proceeding from the goal, the task of the study is to describe the physical and mechanical properties of postconsumer wood using the example of fir wood, which for a long period of time has been used to create furniture and joinery products. The task is also to identify patterns of change in the indicators of this resource with age – an expired service life or suitability. In order to use PCW in woodworking and to fill the scientific base with physical and mechanical indicators of fir wood of different ages with an expired product service life, the following characteristics were investigated: static hardness, swelling, coefficients of swelling, the value of transverse anisotropy, density, static bending strength, splitting strength along the fibers, modulus of elasticity in compression, and the modulus of elasticity in static bending. The characteristics of PCW of the widespread fir species in the range of use from 0 to 20 years were explored, with intermediate control over the properties every 5 years. The dynamics of the physical and mechanical indicators of fir PCW were revealed and it was found that in the course of operation time in various conditions they change, mainly decreasingly: static hardness by 9.2-9.6%; the value of transverse anisotropy by 30-32%; strength: static bending strength by 3.4-7.95%, splitting strength by 4.49-8.67%; modulus of elasticity: in compression by 3.89-4.08%, in bending by 2.75-6.64%. The main causes of changes in the properties of PCW with age: natural: weathering, partial internal rot, insect damage, other biological effects; mechanical: splitting, scratches, small holes from means of fastening and other defects due to use; operational: the influence of power and dynamic loads, the influence of surface finishing agents and other factors on the structural elements of wood products. A summary table was compiled for the selection of indicators of the physical and mechanical properties of fir PCW of different ages. When knowing the indicators and dynamics of the physical and mechanical properties of PCW with age, it can be recommended for manufacturing structural materials – blockboards and furniture panels.
    Źródło:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2023, 66, 212; Art. no. 177453
    1644-3985
    Pojawia się w:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wood Tar Production Without the Use of Ceramic Vessels: Experimental Archaeology in Grodzisko Żmijowiska
    Autorzy:
    Lis, Paweł
    Wasilczyk, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1774405.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-06-24
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    archaeological experiments
    distillation of wood tar
    tar production without the use of ceramic vessels
    Opis:
    Several pits, the remains of wood tar production using the so-called ‘vessel-less method’, were discovered in the Lublin region. They contained objects related to the early Middle Ages. These discoveries were used as the base for experiments run in 2013 in the experimental archaeology centre at Grodzisko Żmijowiska. The first experiment involved the acquisition of wood tar from birch bark, while the other attempts were aimed at extracting tar from pine stumpwood. The experiments were conducted in a shallow pit that was plastered with clay and had a small depression at its bottom used as a container for the tar, separated from the pit by a clay strainer. The raw material gathered in the pit was covered with a clay dome. When the dome was dry, it was slowly heated up with burning wood to the right temperature which was checked inside the dome with a thermocouple. Both processes were conducted successfully. The results were compared with experiments focused on the production of wood tar using the two-vessel method known in the early Middle Ages. The comparison showed that the vessel-less method is less economical due to the amount of fuel used and almost three times less efficient in terms of the raw material to final product ratio. However, it is very simple technically and allows the effective production of wood tar.
    Źródło:
    Światowit; 2020, 59; 135-139
    0082-044X
    Pojawia się w:
    Światowit
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The investigation of properties of blockboards made of post-consumer wood
    Autorzy:
    Gayda, Serhiy
    Kiyko, Orest
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2010870.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
    Tematy:
    post-consumer wood
    blockboards
    mathematical model
    physical properties
    mechanical properties
    characteristics
    strength
    recycling
    technology
    use
    Opis:
    Today in woodworking, there are problems with the use of wood waste and the accumulation of involved wood as an additional and not fully used resource. The problem has not been completely solved, as there is no scientific basis and practical recommendations for efficient production processes with predicting the properties of products made from Post-Consumer Wood (PCW), in particular in the production of blockboards (BB). The objective of the studies is to substantiate and develop a scientific and technical basis for resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies, to establish the influence patterns of PCW properties on the mechanical characteristics of the products obtained, to develop operating parameters and to formulate practical recommendations, confirmed by the results of experimental studies. The studies have proved the expediency of using PCW in technological processes of woodworking, in particular in the production of construction materials - blockboards with predicted characteristics. In order to rationally use raw materials for the manufacture of conventional blockboards made from Post-Consumer Wood (PCW-BB), new designs of a conventional PCW blockboard with a thickness of 22 mm and with a unified strip width of 16, 32, 48, and 64 mm, the strips are glued ones, 3 mm thick, and faced with plywood on both sides. The authors of the article found that in order to ensure improved operating characteristics of the blockboards, it is important to lay radial, semi-radial and tangential strips in structures with the ratio of width to thickness of the cross-sections of the strips - rationally and efficiently - 1:1, 2:1, 3:1. Substantiation on this basis of new designs of PCW blockboards makes it possible to reveal shortcomings of these products at the conceptual stage of the project and correct them before manufacturing taking into account the specified technical conditions and reducing costs at the development stage. Mathematical models for predicting the main characteristics of conventional PCW blockboards (PCW-BB) have been constructed, which made it possible to determine the indexes of the bending strength of the BB across the strips, σBB, and the shear strength of the BB along the glue line, τВВ. The coefficients of approximation of mathematical dependencies for predicting the strength of PCW-BBs, the strips of which were made of fir wood, were calculated, which would allow for the selection of rational designs of blockboards with appropriate characteristics. It has been established that the developed mathematical models make it possible to predict the characteristics of the PCW-BB depending on the cross-sectional dimensions of the strips, the angle of the annual rings slope to the blockboard face and the age of the PCW, and, on this basis, to propose improved designs of these blockboards for the technological processes of woodworking. The influence patterns of the properties of structural elements on the indicators of conventional PCW-BB (500 × 500 × 22 mm) were experimentally established. It was found that an increase in the width of the strips leads to a decrease in the strength indexes (by 29-37%); an increase in the angle of the annual rings slope to the BB face leads to an increase in static bending strength (by 31-33%) but to a decrease in shear strength (by 4-7%); an increase in the age of the PCW leads to a decrease in strength indexes (by 3-8%). It was found that the physical and mechanical parameters of the experimental PCW-BBs with a strip cross-sections of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 meet the requirements of the standard (larger values: for static bending of a rate of 15 MPa and for shearing at a rate of 1 MPa), and for the 4:1 cross- -section, they partially had lower indexes by 2-3%. To ensure the strength of the developed structures of the PCW-BBs, it is recommended to use the 3:1 ratio of the sides in the cross-section of the strips, and the slope of the annual rings to the blockboard face must be at least 45o. It was found that the deviation of the values obtained by mathematical models in determining the strength in static bending and shearing in comparison with the experimental ones did not exceed 8% and 10%, respectively.
    Źródło:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2020, 63, 206; 77-102
    1644-3985
    Pojawia się w:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analiza możliwości implementacji certyfikacji w systemie użytkowania leśnych surowców i produktów niedrzewnych. I. Założenia metodyczne i przegląd literatury
    Analysis of the possibility of implementing certification system for utilisation of non-wood forest products. I. Methodological assumptions and literature review
    Autorzy:
    Staniszewski, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973897.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    certyfikacja
    leśnictwo
    uboczne użytkowanie lasu
    surowce leśne
    leśne surowce niedrzewne
    non−wood forest products
    forest resources
    certification
    forest use regulation
    forest use principles
    Opis:
    The article presents an analysis of selected conditions of certification in forestry in relation to the non−wood forest products utilisation. They were the basis for presenting selected governmental and international organisations concerned with the development, implementation and monitoring of standards relating to the forest−timber industry and environmental issues. The main categories of certification schemes were identified and analysed: certification of forest management, social certification, organic certification and certification of product quality. The analysis of both global and regional problems related to certification of non−wood products, as well as a thorough analysis of the relevant regulations and legislation, demonstrated the need to treat certification as an important tool in the general concept of non−wood forest products utilisation.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2011, 155, 04; 253-260
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Chemical Composition of Industrial Wood Waste and the Possibility of its Management
    Autorzy:
    Malinowski, Ryszard
    Meller, Edward
    Ochman, Ireneusz
    Malinowska, Katarzyna
    Figiel-Kroczyńska, Monika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314837.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
    Tematy:
    wood waste
    biomass
    ash
    chemical composition
    fertilizer value
    agricultural use
    soil reclamation
    odpady drzewne
    biomasa
    popiół
    skład chemiczny
    wartość nawozowa
    wykorzystanie rolnicze
    rekultywacja gleb
    Opis:
    Organic wood waste (sawdust, shavings, pieces of wood and bark), is widely used as a secondary raw material and, after composting, for soil fertilisation and substrate production in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, urban landscaping and rehabilitation of degraded land. However, problematic to process is wood waste that is very dirty with soil. They have limited calorific value and cannot be used in the R10 recovery process of land treatment benefiting agriculture or improving the environment. However, the morphological composition of these wastes indicates that they have good properties and can be used for agricultural use and for the reclamation of degraded land. The research involved wood waste with the code 03 01 99 (other unspecified waste from wood processing and the production of panels and furniture) generated during the preparation of deciduous tree logs for the veneer production process, and ashes from the burning of wood waste generated in the veneer production factory. The aim of the study was to assess the chemical composition of these wastes and the possibility of their agricultural use. In the samples of wood waste and ashes there was determined: pH; chlorines content; conductivity; hydrolytic acidity; content of micro and macroelements and heavy metals. The morphological composition of the waste is dominated by sawdust, with a smaller share of shavings, bark and earth parts, and a small addition of pieces of wood of various sizes. It is rich in easily bioavailble as well as total macroelements and is not contaminated with heavy metals. Analyzed wood waste has deacidifying properties, high sorption and buffering capacity. Studies have shown that the wood waste produced at the veneer factory, can be used as an organic fertiliser, a component of other organic fertilisers, for soil mulching, horticultural substrate and soil and land reclamation.The ash obtained from burning wood is strongly alkaline and rich in alkaline cations, mainly Ca, Mg and K. It is not contaminated with heavy metals. The ash can be used for soil deacidification and fertilization, especially for soil reclamation. The waste from the heap can be used as an organic fertilizer, a component of other organic fertilizers, for mulching soils and as a gardening substrate. However, the possibilities for non-agricultural (e.g.: for the production of pallet, particle board) use are limited due to the high proportion of earthy parts.
    Źródło:
    Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports; 2022, 32, 4; 167--183
    2080-5187
    2450-8594
    Pojawia się w:
    Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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