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    Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14
    Tytuł:
    FL learners in late adulthood: A report of seniors’ willingness to communicate in English in the classroom context
    Studenci w późnej dorosłości: gotowość komunikacyjna starszych dorosłych w języku angielskim
    Autorzy:
    Borkowska, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40054384.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    seniors
    willingness to communicate
    learning English
    Opis:
    The article aims to examine older learners’ points of view concerning their in-class will- ingness to communicate (WTC) in English and to identify their expectations regarding an English teacher. The instrument was a questionnaire that comprised – among others – of questions referring to variables that could exert an impact on third-agers’ WTC in English in class. The factors which were used as options in the closed and open-ended questions in the study had been identified by the third agers as the ones that positively or negatively shaped their in-class WTC in an earlier piece of qualitative research (Borkowska 2021a). The data analysis revealed that the informants (63 older participants) reported an eagerness to communicate in English, and they perceived speaking with the teacher as the most motivating type of interaction. The most crucial components of language instruction that boosted older adults’ WTC was gentle error correction, a friendly atmosphere, and teacher support that seemed to have a positive effect on their lower self-esteem. Similarly, an empathetic and patient instructor could be of great help in diminishing seniors’ self-depreciating views. In contrast, negative teacher attributes (e.g., anxiety, criticism) could lead to inhibiting the older participants’ WTC and active involvement during English classes.
    Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników badania ilościowego doty- czącego gotowości komunikacyjnej (GK) osób w późnej dorosłości w języku angielskim w klasie językowej. Narzędziem badawczym była ankieta zawierająca m.in. pytania odnoszące się do czynników mogących mieć wpływ na kształtowanie GK w języku angielskim. Zmienne użyte do pytań zamkniętych opracowane zostały na podstawie wcześniejszego badania jakościowego (Borkowska 2021). Analiza danych pokazała, iż respondenci (63 starszych dorosłych) byli chętni do komunikacji w języku angielskim, a najbardziej motywującą formą interakcji była rozmowa z nauczycielem. Fundamentalnym czynnikiem, który pozytywnie wpływał na GK, była delikatna poprawa błędów, przyjacielska atmosfera oraz wsparcie nauczyciela. Cierpliwość i empatia ze strony nauczyciela to cechy, który pomagały obniżyć poziom samokrytycznych poglądów senio- rów. Natomiast, negatywne cechy instruktora (tj. niepokój, krytyka) prowadziły do zmniejszenia angażowania starszych dorosłych w komunikację podczas zajęć.
    Źródło:
    Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics; 2023, 50, 2; 7-27
    0072-4769
    Pojawia się w:
    Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Relationship among Age-advanced Learners’ In-class Willingness to Communicate in English, Intrinsic Motivation, Classroom Environment and Teacher Immediacy—A Pilot Study
    Autorzy:
    Borkowska, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22446665.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-07-29
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
    Tematy:
    willingness to communicate
    seniors
    motivation
    teacher immediacy
    Opis:
    The article aims to scrutinize third agers’ in-class willingness to communicate (WTC) in English as well as to determine the relationship among WTC, intrinsic motivation, classroom environment, and teacher immediacy. The instrument adapted to this study was a questionnaire comprising biodata items, the in-class WTC tool (Peng & Woodrow, 2010), intrinsic motivation (Noels, Clément, & Pelletier, 2001), classroom environment (Fraser, Fisher, & McRobbie, 1996), and the teacher immediacy scale (Zhang & Oetzel, 2006). The data revealed that senior learners’ WTC was higher in meaning-focused than in form-focused activities. This finding indicates that the participants paid due attention to communicative interactions in English. Also, they were more eager to be actively involved in dyadic exercises as it might have given them a sense of security and confidence. It is noteworthy that intrinsic motivation turned out to be the strongest predictor of in-class WTC. The analysis showed that communication in English abroad and in-class was of paramount relevance for the informants. The older adults also underscored the fundamental role of the language instructor. In this respect, the students attached great importance to a non-threatening atmosphere, and the teacher’s personality traits, namely patience, professionalism, and empathy.
    Źródło:
    Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition; 2022, 8, 2; 1-25
    2450-5455
    2451-2125
    Pojawia się w:
    Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    L2 willingness to communicate (WTC) and international posture in the Polish ecucational context
    Autorzy:
    Mystkowska-Wiertelak, Anna
    Pietrzykowska, Agnieszka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780743.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-04
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    communication
    speaking
    international posture
    willingness to communicate
    motivation
    Opis:
    Speaking, the language skill whose mastering appears to be the ultimate aim of every attempt at learning a foreign language, constitutes a formidable challenge. Apart from involving the online interaction of complex processes of conceptualization, formulation, articulation and monitoring (Levelt, 1989), it appears prone to numerous psychological and social influences that, being difficult to control, may consistently hinder development. One of such factors, closely related to the concept of anxiety, is L2 willingness to communicate (WTC), called “the most immediate determinant of L2 use” (Clement, Baker, & MacIntyre, 2003, p. 191). Perceived as either a personality trait or/and a context-related feature, WTC seems capable of accounting for a person’s first and second language communication. Interestingly it can be related to the learner’s disposition towards the target language culture, general interest in international affairs, willingness to travel and sustain contacts with speakers of other languages, which, defined as international posture (Yashima, 2002), serves as a strong predictor of success in language learning. The present paper reports the results of a survey conducted among 111 students of English, in the majority prospect teachers of English. The aim was to establish the degree of correlation between their international posture and WTC. The results do not corroborate the outcomes of other studies performed in the field (cf. Yashima, 2002, 2009), which might point to the unique characteristics of the Polish educational context.
    Źródło:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2011, 1, 1; 119-134
    2083-5205
    2084-1965
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Fluctuations in Learners’ Willingness to Communicate During Communicative Task Performance: Conditions and Tendencies
    Autorzy:
    Mystkowska-Wiertelak, Anna
    Pawlak, Mirosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/620884.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-09-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    L2 willingness to communicate
    classroom interaction
    communicative tasks
    Opis:
    A person’s willingness to communicate (WTC), believed to stem from a combination of proximal and distal variables comprising psychological, linguistic, educational and communicative dimensions of language, appears to be a significant predictor of success in language learning. The ability to communicate is both a means and end of language education, since, on the one hand, being able to express the intended meanings in the target language is generally perceived as the main purpose of any language course and, on the other, linguistic development proceeds in the course of language use. However, MacIntyre (2007, p. 564) observes that some learners, despite extensive study, may never become successful L2 speakers. The inability or unwillingness to sustain contacts with more competent language users may influence the way learners are evaluated in various social contexts. Establishing social networks as a result of frequent communication with target language users is believed to foster linguistic development. WTC, initially considered a stable personality trait and then a result of context-dependent influences, has recently been viewed as a dynamic phenomenon changing its intensity within one communicative event (MacIntyre and Legatto, 2011; MacIntyre et al., 2011). The study whose results are reported here attempts to tap into factors that shape one’s willingness to speak during a communicative task. The measures employed to collect the data - selfratings and surveys - allow looking at the issue from a number of perspectives.
    Źródło:
    Research in Language; 2014, 12, 3; 245-260
    1731-7533
    Pojawia się w:
    Research in Language
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dynamics of classroom WTC: Results of a semester study
    Autorzy:
    Mystkowska-Wiertelak, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780513.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    willingness to communicate
    language classroom
    communicative behaviour
    classroom context
    Opis:
    The fact that L2 willingness to communicate (WTC) can fluctuate over different time scales is no longer disputed as numerous studies have proved a dynamic rather than trait-like character of the concept (cf. MacIntyre & Legatto, 2011; MacIntyre, Burns, & Jessome, 2011; Mystkowska-Wiertelak & Pawlak, 2014). The changes in the intensity of L2 learners’ readiness to engage in communication in the classroom context have been investigated in a number of studies attempting also to establish factors capable of stimulating or hindering WTC (e.g., Cao & Philip, 2006; Pawlak & Mystkowska-Wiertelak, 2015; Peng, 2014). Many of empirical explorations of L2 learners’ WTC, although representing the ecological perspective, provide solely a snapshot of classroom reality, thus generating a question if such one-at-a-time picture frame can sufficiently accommodate diverse factors that impinge on learners’ readiness to engage in communication. The application of a longitudinal design was thus dictated by the author’s intention to gather information on WTC ebbs and flows not only during single lessons but also continuing over a number of lessons conducted throughout a semester of study, which allowed for exploring a wider spectrum of conditions that affect WTC of advanced learners of English attending speaking classes. Detailed lesson plans, interview and questionnaire data were used to interpret WTC fluctuations reported by the participants at 5-min intervals in the course of 7 lessons. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data revealed that the intensity of communicative behaviour depends on an intricate interplay of personal and group-related factors, with a special role ascribed to the instructor whose knowledge of the group characteristics and needs coupled with didactic skills can greatly contribute to increasing WTC in the classroom.
    Źródło:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2016, 6, 4; 651-676
    2083-5205
    2084-1965
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Expanding the theoretical base for the dynamics of willingness to communicate
    Autorzy:
    MacIntyre, Peter
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780850.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    communicative events
    idiodynamic method
    willingness to communicate
    communication traits
    dynamic turn
    Opis:
    The dynamics underlying willingness to communicate in a second or third language (L2 for short), operating in real time, are affected by a number of intra- and inter-personal processes. L2 communication is a remarkably fluid process, especially considering the wide range of skill levels observed among L2 learners and speakers. Learners often find themselves in a position that requires the use of uncertain L2 skills, be it inside or outside the classroom context. Beyond issues of competencies, which are themselves complex, using an L2 also evokes cultural, political, social, identity, motivational, emotional, pedagogical, and other issues that learners must navigate on-the-fly. The focus of this article will be on the remarkably rapid integration of factors, such as the ones just named whenever a language learner chooses to be a language speaker, that is, when the moment for authentic communication arrives. Communicative events are especially important in understanding the psychology of the L2 learner. Our research group has developed the idiodynamic method to allow examination of an individual’s experience of events on a timescale of a few minutes. Results are describing complex interactions and rapid changes in the psychological conditions that accompany both approaching and avoiding L2 communication. The research takes a new approach to familiar concepts such as motivation, language competence, learning strategies, and so on. By examining willingness to communicate as a dynamic process, new types of research questions and answers are emerging, generating new theory, research methods, and pedagogical approaches applicable both within language classrooms and beyond.
    Źródło:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2020, 10, 1; 111-131
    2083-5205
    2084-1965
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Book review: Anna Mystkowska-Wiertelak and Mirosaw Pawlak (2017) Willingness to Communicate in Instructed Second Language Acquisition. Combining a Macro- and Micro-Perspective
    Autorzy:
    Gabryś-Barker, Danuta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/783223.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
    Tematy:
    willingness to communicate
    language learning
    speaking skills
    questionnaire data
    quantitative analysis
    qualitative analysis
    Źródło:
    Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition; 2017, 3, 2
    2450-5455
    2451-2125
    Pojawia się w:
    Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The impact of teaching communication strategies on EFL learners Willingness to Communicate
    Autorzy:
    Mesgarshahr, Abulfazl
    Abdollahzadeh, Esmaeel
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780433.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-03
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Willingness to Communicate
    communication strategies
    strategic competence
    Communication Apprehension
    Self-perceived Communicative Competence
    Opis:
    One of the pedagogical implications of the research on the Willingness to Communicate (WTC) might be to propose practical ways of making language learners more willing to communicate in the classroom. This study investigated the impact of teaching communication strategies (CSs) on Iranian EFL learners’ WTC. To this end, 8 intact classes were included as the experimental and control groups. The control group underwent regular language instruction, while the experimental group received the treatment (i.e., communication strategy training). The self-report measurement of WTC (MacIntyre, Baker, Clément, & Conrad, 2001) was done before (pre-test) and after the treatment (post-test). The results of the independent-samples t test showed that the degree of WTC of the treatment group was significantly higher compared with that of the control group. It was concluded that teaching CSs helps learners become more willing to communicate in the classroom.
    Źródło:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2014, 4, 1; 51-76
    2083-5205
    2084-1965
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Exploring self-perceived communication competence in foreign language learning
    Autorzy:
    Lockley, Thomas
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/781067.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013-06
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    self-perceived communication competence, willingness to communicate
    learner self-perceptions
    foreign language anxiety
    Opis:
    Speaking self-perceived communication competence (SPCC) is a construct with many potential implications for foreign language learning, but one that has been little studied. SPCC itself is a major predictive factor in willingness to communicate, a construct which has been widely conceptualised and researched. This study (N = 103) used a repeated measures ANOVA to investigate SPCC and its correlation with actual L2 speaking proficiency over the course of a year; there was no significant correlation. Qualitative data was then treated with grounded theory to establish why SPCC was inaccurate and to provide pointers as to how SPCC accuracy might be improved. The findings are discussed with reference to the literature in an attempt to establish a deeper understanding of SPCC, particularly in the Japanese context, its formulation and its implications for foreign language learning.
    Źródło:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2013, 3, 2; 187-212
    2083-5205
    2084-1965
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Promoting international posture through history as content and language integrated learning (CLIL) in the Japanese context
    Autorzy:
    Lockley, Thomas
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780904.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-03-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    content and language integrated learning
    second language willingness to communicate
    international posture
    Japanese EFL
    Opis:
    This article uses the conceptual framework of second language willingness to communicate (L2 WTC), and in particular the contributory construct of international posture (IP; Yashima, 2002), to report on a content and language integrated learning (CLIL) course taught in the Japanese university context. The research follows up an exploratory, small-scale study with a focused qualitative investigation. Due to space restrictions the current paper reports only on the key qualitative findings and attempts to build a picture of how the theme of the course, Japanese international history, affected learners’ IP, a construct that has been shown to be key to Japanese learners of English’s L2 WTC (Yashima, 2002). It is shown that after completing the course, learners felt more connected to the wider world, and as a result IP developed in varied and meaningful ways, seemingly increasing L2 WTC and stimulating critical thinking facilities both within and without the classroom.
    Źródło:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2015, 5, 1; 87-108
    2083-5205
    2084-1965
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Taking stock: A meta-analysis of the effects of foreign language enjoyment
    Autorzy:
    Botes, Elouise
    Dewaele, Jean-Marc
    Greiff, Samuel
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2143606.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-06-21
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    willingness to communicate
    academic achievement
    foreign language enjoyment
    meta-analysis
    foreign language anxiety
    self-perceived achievement
    Opis:
    Studies examining the positive emotion of foreign language enjoyment (FLE) have recently increased exponentially, as researchers are applying the tenets of positive psychology in applied linguistics. It is therefore an appropriate time to take stock of the current literature and conduct a preliminary meta-analysis. The relationships between FLE and four variables, namely, foreign language anxiety (FLA), willingness to communicate (WTC), academic achievement, and self-perceived achievement were examined. A total of k = 96 effect sizes were analyzed with an overall sample size of N = 28,166 in random-effects models with correlation coefficients. There was a moderate negative correlation between FLE and FLA. In turn, moderate positive correlations were found between FLE and WTC, FLE and academic achievement, and FLE and self-perceived achievement. These positive associations confirm the value of FLE in FL learning and further affirm the need for researchers to examine positive psychology constructs in the foreign language classroom.
    Źródło:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2022, 12, 2; 205-232
    2083-5205
    2084-1965
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    POGLĄDY NA NAUKĘ JĘZYKA OBCEGO U OSÓB Z WYSOKĄ I NISKĄ GOTOWOŚCIĄ KOMUNIKACYJNĄ W JĘZYKU ANGIELSKIM
    Reflections about foreign language learning in students with high and low willingness to communicate in a foreign language
    Autorzy:
    Piechurska-Kuciel, Ewa
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036836.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-09-04
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Collegium Novum. Polskie Towarzystwo Neofilologiczne
    Tematy:
    willingness to communicate in L2
    reflection
    avoidance
    language barrier
    affect
    gotowość komunikacyjna w języku obcym
    refleksja
    unikanie
    bariera językowa
    afekt
    Opis:
    Reflection is understood as an activity which enables the reproduction of past experiences, reflection and meditation about them and their evaluation. One of the most significant features shaping learner reflection may be willingness to communicate in a foreign language – one’s volitional readiness to enter a communicative event in this language. In spite of a wealth of research conducted in this area, it is still unclear why some students are willing to start communication in a foreign language, while others are adamant to avoid it. For the purpose of this paper a qualitative-quantitative study was performed, focusing on four students with very low levels of willingness to communicate in English, and four with very high levels. The research results demonstrate that high willingness is connected with feelings of safety, a tendency to achieve high proficiency and learning satisfaction. On the other hand, low willingness to communicate in English coexists with feelings of threat and unavoidable necessity to surrender to the demands of the educational system.
    Źródło:
    Neofilolog; 2014, 42/2; 241-254
    1429-2173
    Pojawia się w:
    Neofilolog
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    DYNAMICZNY CHARAKTER ZMIENNYCH INDYWIDUALNYCH – WYZWANIA BADAWCZE I IMPLIKACJE DYDAKTYCZNE
    Dynamic nature of individual difference factors: Research challenges and teaching implications
    Autorzy:
    Pawlak, Mirosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/442915.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Collegium Novum. Polskie Towarzystwo Neofilologiczne
    Tematy:
    różnice indywidualne
    teoria dynamicznych systemów złożonych
    motywacja
    gotowość komunikacyjna
    strategie uczenia się
    individual differences
    complex dynamic systems theory
    motivation
    willingness to communicate
    language learning strategies
    Opis:
    Not so long ago individual difference factors were perceived as relatively stable attributes of learners and it appeared that their impact on the outcomes of the language learning process could be determined in a straightforward manner. There was a widespread belief that it was sufficient to design appropriate data collection instruments, carefully validate them, collect the requisite data concerning the variable in question as well as learners’ attainment, and then apply the procedures of inferential statistics in order to arrive at conclusions in this respect (Dörnyei, 2005). Such findings could later be used as a point of reference for pedagogical implications for teachers. However, the findings of research conducted over the last decade, in particular such that has focused upon motivation and willingness to communicate (e.g., Dörnyei, MacIntyre and Henry, 2015), have clearly demonstrated that the situation is much more complicated, because such factors are subject to constant fluctuations, both over longer periods of time, sequences of classes, single lessons or even specific tasks implemented by teachers. This phenomenon brings with it a number of challenges, not only with respect to designing and conducting empirical studies but also in regard to the steps that should be taken to take account of learners’ individual profiles. The main aim of the present paper is to demonstrate how the dynamic nature of individual difference factors can be accommodated in empirical research as well as elucidating its consequences for the individualization of the process of language learning in the classroom and beyond.
    Źródło:
    Neofilolog; 2017, 48/1; 9-28
    1429-2173
    Pojawia się w:
    Neofilolog
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    ZALEŻNOŚĆ MIĘDZY POZIOMEM OPANOWANIA GRAMATYKI A WYBRANYMI CZYNNIKAMI KOGNITYWNYMI I AFEKTYWNYMI: ZARYS PROJEKTU BADAWCZEGO
    The relationship between the knowledge of grammar and selected cognitive and affective individual difference variables: An outline of a research project
    Autorzy:
    Pawlak, Mirosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/442871.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Collegium Novum. Polskie Towarzystwo Neofilologiczne
    Tematy:
    individual differences
    working memory
    motivation
    willingness
    to communicate
    grammar learning strategies
    beliefs about grammar
    instruction
    explicit and implicit knowledge
    różnice indywidulane
    pamięć robocza
    motywacja
    gotowość komunikacyjna
    strategie uczenia się gramatyki
    przekonania
    dotyczące nauczania gramatyki
    wiedza eksplicytna i implicytna
    Opis:
    Although there is a considerable body of research aiming to determine the effectiveness of different techniques and procedures in promoting the mastery of grammar structures in the target language, little is still known about how this effectiveness is mediated by individual difference (ID) variables, which, in turn, may determine learner engagement and translate into learning outcomes (Ellis, 2010; Pawlak, 2014, 2017b). For this reason, it is necessary to undertake research that would explore the link between grammar knowledge and ID factors. This is the rationale behind the research project funded by the Polish National Science Center outlined in the present paper. The project involves over 200 English philology and aims to establish the mediating effects of working memory, willingness to communicate, motivation, grammar learning strategies, and beliefs about grammar instruction with respect to the mastery of different types of English passive voice (i.e., different aspects and tenses), taking into account both explicit and implicit knowledge of this grammatical feature.
    Źródło:
    Neofilolog; 2018, 50/2; 197-214
    1429-2173
    Pojawia się w:
    Neofilolog
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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