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Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
Tytuł:
Badania możliwości zastosowania talku w procesie mineralnej karbonatyzacji
Experimental investigations on dissolution of talc in mineral Carbonation process
Autorzy:
Jaschik, J.
Warmuziński, K.
Jaschik, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/306175.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Inżynierii Chemicznej PAN
Tematy:
proces karbonatyzacji
wiązanie dwutlenku węgla
zastosowanie praktyczne
rozpuszczalność talku
Opis:
Przedstawiono wyniki badań rozpuszczalności talku w roztworach wybranych związków organicznych. Badania prowadzono w reaktorze o pojemności 1 dm3, dla zmiennych wartości stężenia rozpuszczalnika (1-3, M), temperatury (30-90 st.C) oraz prędkości obrotowej mieszadła (300-1100 1/min). Oznaczano stężenia jonów Mg+2 i Ca+2 w roztworze. Na podstawie wyznaczonych wartości stężeń określono stopień ekstrakcji metalu z minerału do roztworu.
Results are presented of experimental investigations on dissolution of talc in selected organic compounds. The measurements were done in a 1 dm3 reactor, for different values of solvent concentration (1-3. M), temperature (30-90 st.C) and stirrer speed (300-1100 1/min). The concentration of Mg+2 and Ca+ in solution was analyzed. Based on the determined ion concentration the fraction of extracted metal from talc to the solution was calculated.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Instytutu Inżynierii Chemicznej Polskiej Akademii Nauk; 2011, 15; 61-72
1509-0760
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Instytutu Inżynierii Chemicznej Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metody optymalizacji wieku dojrzałości rębnej drzewostanów z punktu widzenia wiązania węgla
Optimization methods of the rotation age from the point of view of carbon sequestration
Autorzy:
Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
Zając, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989326.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewostany
dojrzalosc rebna
okreslanie wieku dojrzalosci rebnej
optymalizacja
wiazanie wegla
rotation age
optimization methods
carbon dioxide accumulation
timber production
Opis:
The determination of the age at which a stand reaches harvest maturity is one of the most important decision−making problems in the forest management. The method of determining the rotation age depends primarily on the objectives and management practices (e.g. timber production, carbon sequestration), which determine the optimal age of trees for felling. The paper includes the methodological basis of optimization of the rotation age of stands due to the maximization of the accumulation of carbon in the aboveground woody biomass of forest trees. The research method involves two variants of calculating the optimal rotation age: grouping the stands by site class (W−1) and grouping the stands by management method (W−2). For each of the variants four data processing methods were used to optimize the rotation age of stands: allometric formulas (I−1), formulas for the calculation of the aboveground woody biomass (I−2), information on wood density (I−3), and IPCC method (I−4). The study assumes that the optimal rotation age from the point of view of maximizing the rate of carbon accumulation is when the value of increment in the average aboveground woody biomass production S(t)/(t) equals to the value of the current increment in this biomass production – ΔS. At this age, the standing volume R(t) and the volume of carbon stored in the growing stock Ww was calculated. The optimization method is analogous in all variants and approaches. The proposed method of optimizing the felling age of stands is illustrated on the example of Scots pine stands in 1 st site class (variant W−1, approach I−4). The 2014 data from the Information System of the State Forests were used for the calculations. The results (fig.) indicate that due to the maximization of the rate of carbon accumulation, the optimum rotation age for the Scots pine in 1st site class is 56 years. At that age the stand was characterized by the standing volume R(t) of about 305 m³/ha. The total carbon accumulation S(t) before this age was 85 t/ha.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2016, 160, 09; 720-729
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optymalizacja wieku dojrzałości rębnej drzewostanów z punktu widzenia wiązania węgla
Optimizing the stand rotation age from the point of view of carbon sequestration
Autorzy:
Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
Zając, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/988959.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
gospodarka lesna
drzewostany sosnowe
drzewostany bukowe
dojrzalosc rebna
wiek dojrzalosci rebnej
optymalizacja
wiazanie wegla
wzory empiryczne
wspolczynniki przeliczeniowe
optimization of the rotation age
carbon dioxide accumulation
timber production
Opis:
The selection of the rotation time of a stand (from planting to final felling), i.e. the age at which stand reaches harvest maturity, is a key decision in forest management due to, inter alia, the amount and value of carbon stored in the forest. In this context, the basis for the economic optimisation of the rotation age of forests is to define the goal of forest production and desirable state of forests ensuring the achievement of the adopted aim. Therefore, the choice of the most suitable optimal moment of completing a production cycle and starting the subsequent one is very important in forest management. The aim of the performed analysis is to verify the empirical equations and conversion factors as well as to assess their suitability for determining the volume and value of standing timber and accumulation of carbon in the aboveground woody biomass. The verified equations will be used for modelling the optimal rotation age of forests due to the maximization of the rate of carbon accumulation in the aboveground woody biomass. The input data for the verification of equations and conversion factors were grouped according to the dominant species, 10−years age subclass and site index class. Four methodological approaches were used to analyse and estimate the amount of carbon accumulated in the aboveground woody biomass. With the assumption of a continuous use of forest land for timber production, the generated revenues will be same at the same level of costs in the subsequent production cycles. Analysing the results of the optimization of the age of felling maturity it should be noticed that these are the averaged values relating to the State Forests. They do not take into account local differences in the price of raw wood and production costs including the specific characteristics of individual trees or stands. The accuracy (quality) of calculating the average and current increment of stands and, in consequence, of the amount and value of the accumulated carbon is important for the effectiveness of the optimization of the amount of carbon accumulated in the aboveground woody biomass.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2017, 161, 11; 883-891
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ditlenek węgla w syntezie organicznej
Carbon dioxide in organic synthesis
Autorzy:
Burczyk, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172758.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Tematy:
wiązanie ditlenku węgla
surowce odnawialne
synteza organiczna
kataliza
kompleksy metali przejściowych
carbon dioxide fixation
renewable resources
organic synthesis
catalysis
transition metal complexes
Opis:
Carbon dioxide is an abundant, cheap, almost nontoxic, thermodynamically stable, inert electrophile. Exploitation of CO 2 as a chemical feedstock, although will almost certainly not reduce its atmospheric concentration significantly, aims to generate high-value products and more-efficient processes. In recent years efficient transition-metal complexes have been used to perform homogeneously catalyzed transformations of CO 2 . This paper presents an overview of available catalytic routes for the synthesis of carboxylic acids, lactones, urea and carbamates, linear and cyclic carbonates as well as polycarbonates. Reduction processes of CO 2 are shortly men - tioned as well. C arboxylic acids have been synthesized via : (i) carboxylation of organolithium, organomagnesium (Scheme 2 [35]), organoboron (Scheme 3 [40 -42]), organozinc (Scheme 4 [43, 44]) and organotin (Scheme 5 [45, 46]) compounds; (ii) oxidative cycloaddition of CO 2 to olefins and alkynes (Scheme 6 -10 [47 -50, 57]) catalyzed by Ni(0)-complexes; (iii) transition-metal catalyzed reductive hydrocarboxylation of unsaturated compounds (Scheme 11, 12 [64 -67]); (iv) carboxylation of C-H bond (Scheme 13 [69 -71]). Telomerization of dienes, for instance 1,3-butadiene, and CO 2 in the presence of Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes leads to lactones and esters of carboxylic acids (Scheme 14, 15 [73 -79]). Nucleophilic ammonia, primary and secondary amines react with CO 2 to give, respectively, urea and carbamic acid esters - carbamates and isocyanates (Scheme 16 -18 [94, 95]), thus eliminating the use of phosgene in their synthesis. CO 2 reacts with alcohols, diols and epoxides in the presence of transition-metal complexes (Fig. 2) and the reaction products are: linear carbonates (Scheme 20, 21 [110 -118]), cyclic carbonates (Scheme 22 -24 [153 -170]) and polycarbonates (Scheme 25, 26, Fig. 3, Tab. 1 [179 -186]). Finally, hydrogenation of CO 2 , leading to the formation of CO, HCOOH, CH 3 OH, CH 4 , C 2 H 6 and C 2 H 4 (Scheme 27), as well as electrochemical and photochemical reductions in the pre - sence of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts have been shortly reviewed.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2013, 67, 1-2; 1-53
0043-5104
2300-0295
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Chemiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biomasa i roczna produkcja drzewostanów Ojcowskiego Parku Narodowego
Biomass and annual production of forest stands in the Ojcowski National Park
Autorzy:
Suchanek, A.
Socha, J.
Chwistek, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/996090.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
parki narodowe
Ojcowski Park Narodowy
drzewostany
sklad gatunkowy
wiek drzewostanu
przyrosty roczne
biomasa nadziemna
biomasa sucha
aparat asymilacyjny
wiazanie dwutlenku wegla
biomass
biomass increment
carbon dioxide sequestration
ojcowski national park
Opis:
Amount of dry biomass and its annual production of stands of Ojcowski National Park were determined for 1990−2003 period. Carbon dioxide sequestration was estimated for the mentioned period as well. Forests of Ojcowski National are biomass abundant stands with a quite high annual production. Mean stand biomass amounts to 218.6 t/ha in the year 1990 and 275.7 t/ha in the year 2003, with a mean annual increment amounting to 8.7 t/ha/year. Carbon dioxide sequestration for the Park area was estimated to 12.9 t CO2/ha/year.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2012, 156, 06; 451-462
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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