Temat: water emulsion - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Influence of granular bed parameters on emulsion flow and elution process of oil-in-water emulsion
Autorzy:: Błaszczyk, M.
Pacholski, P.
Przybysz, Ł.
Sęk, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/298006.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:: porous media
oil-in-water emulsion
elution
Opis:: Emulsion flow through porous structure is used in many processes in the field of chemical engineering. Good examples of practical applications are Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques, soil remediation and treatment of oily wastewater. The emulsion transport in through porous media is not easy to describe, due to rheological behavior of emulsions and porous structure properties. In case of emulsified system flow through porous bed it is possible to observe the retention of oil on porous structure, and reduction of permeability of bed. In the presented study, we tried to investigate the influence of porous bed parameters on oil-in-water emulsion behavior during its flow and elution from porous structure. In experiments we used porous beds with varied particle size range and with different lengths. We measured pressure drop and related permeability changes in time. The turbidimetric and microscopic analysis that we conducted allowed us to check how concentration of emulsion changed during its flow and elution from porous structure.
Źródło:: Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; 2016, 19(4); 325-337
1505-4675
2083-4527
Pojawia się w:: Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: The contribution of fluorescence to measurements of light scattering in oil-in-water emulsions
Autorzy:: Stelmaszewski, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48940.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2011
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:: contribution
emulsion
fluorescence
light scattering
marine environment
measurement
oil pollution
oil-water emulsion
petroleum
sea water
ultraviolet radiation
Opis:: The paper presents some results of research on the fluorescence properties of petroleum oil-in-water emulsions. The research addresses the question of measuring and modelling light fields in an oil-polluted marine environment. The fluorescence of the emulsion manifests itself in the spectral range from 260 to over 400 nm and is much less intensive in the visible light region. Fluorescence is always weaker than the radiation scattered in an emulsion. The measurement and modelling of ultraviolet radiation scattering requires fluorescence to be taken into consideration, but in the visible spectral region this phenomenon is negligible.
Źródło:: Oceanologia; 2011, 53, 2
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:: Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Spectrum of light absorption as the indicator of lubricate oil dispsersed in the natural water
Autorzy:: Baszanowska, E.
Otremba, Z.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247346.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: lubricate oil
absorption
absorption spectra of dispersed oil oil-in-water emulsion
Opis:: Oil pollutants in the natural water masses – especially in the seawater column – can be found in two forms, namely as dissolved oil or as dispersed one. With a broad set of methods, for studying the complex structure of petroleum products, due to the ability of petroleum products to absorb UV-light, absorbance spectra could be a relevant indicator to oil identification in aquatic environment and could support methods provided by the fluorescence technique. The intention of the study described in this article is to characterise the absorption properties of lubricate oil possible to found in the marine environment. Two types of oil as the representative of lubricate oils using in the ship engines are considered. One form of oil possible to found in the marine environment – oil-in-water emulsion was taken into account for analysis. Dispersed in water lubricate oil samples were prepared for several oil concentration for each type of oil. Spectrofluorometer Aqualog Horiba was used to register the absorbance spectra of oils. Based on the Lambert-Beer law the absorbance spectra were derived and specific parameter – absorption coefficient – for each wavelength of excitation, in the range 240-600 nm, was determined. Obtained results indicate decreasing of the oil absorbance value when excitation wavelength increases. Moreover, basing on the absorbance spectra it could be concluded that the main maximum for this kind of oils is located below 240 nm. However, in the considered range of excitation wavelength small flat peak, centred about 265 nm for both types of oils, was detected. Therefore one could conclude that absorbance of oils could be used as the indicator to detect of oil pollution in the natural environment omitting the labour intensive chemical methodology.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 1; 61-66
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Light scattering in Baltic crude oil - seawater emulsion
Autorzy:: Stelmaszewski, A.
Krol, T.
Toczek, H.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47707.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2009
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:: marine environment
sea water emulsion
Baltic Sea
light scattering
sea water
Baltic crude oil
petroleum
Opis:: The paper discusses the scattering of radiation by a Baltic crude oil –sea water emulsion. The scattering spectrum calculated using the Mie solution in the spectral range from 380 nm to 730 nm is compared with the measured spectrum of light scattered through a right angle. Spectra in the wavelength range from 210 nm to 730 nm were measured using a spectrofluorimeter for fresh and stored samples of the Baltic crude oil emulsion. Scattering increases with wavelength in the UV range and then decreases slightly with the wavelength of visible light. The result of the calculation is similar to the measured spectra. Both the calculated and measured spectra display numerous relative extremes throughout the spectral area. Light scattering in the emulsion decreases during storage as the oil concentration in the medium diminishes. The results also demonstrate that the single scattering model describes the phenomenon correctly.
Źródło:: Oceanologia; 2009, 51, 3; 405-414
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:: Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: The effect of waterin emulsion fuel on nitric oxides concentration in diesel engine exhausts
Wpływ dodatku wody w paliwie emulsyjnym na stężenie tlenków azotu w spalinach silnika o zapłonie samoczynnym
Autorzy:: Kolanek, Cz.
Kułażyński, M.
Sroka, Z.
Walkowiak, W.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245674.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2009
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: silnik spalinowy
paliwo
emulsja wodna
tlenki
combustion engines
fuel
water-emulsion
nitric oxides
Opis:: Nitric oxides (NO) concentration in exhaust gases of self-ignition engine is a result of air usage for hydrocarbon fuel compounds oxidation in combustion process. The methods of limitation of NOx concentration based on adjusting optimization of injection advance angle and they are responsible for aim conflict in exhaust smokiness sphere. The progressive expectation of European Union, defined by Euro V and still discussable Euro VI implementation, caused a necessary of reaching for solutions apart from an engine like exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and diesel particle filters - DPF. The method of water addition (especially the most effective - in water-fuel emulsion form) to combustion process has been known since years. This paper presents the results of the researches which aim was to investigate nitric oxides concentration in exhausts of one-cylinder self-ignition engine (typeS301D)fueled l0%, 20%, 30% water-emulsion fuel. Using of emulsion cut down emission nitric oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide and smoking of an engine with relation to fuelled with diesel oil. Using of the fuel containing 20% H2O cut down emission NO approx. 61%, emission NOx approx.67%, carbon monoxide approx. 20% with relation to fuelled with diesel oil.
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu zasilania silnika o zapłonie samoczynnym (typu S301D) paliwem emulsyjnym, zawierającym 10, 20 i 30% wody. Obserwowano stężenia tlenku azotu i tlenków azotu, tlenku węgla oraz dymienie silnika. W celu porównania efektów wyznaczono emisje jednostkowe poszczególnych wielkości i odniesiono je do takich wielkości wyznaczonych dla handlowego oleju napędowego. W przypadku NOx i CO zaobserwowano ekstremum efektu dla zawartości 20% wody; w przypadku dymienia silnika maksymalny efekt odpowiada maksymalnemu udziałowi wody w paliwie. Użycie paliwa emulsyjnego obniża emisję tlenków azotu (NO), tlenku węgla (CO) i dymienie silnika (S) w stosunku do zasilania olejem napędowym. W obszarze tlenku azotu (NO) użycie paliwa zawierającego 20% H2O spowodowało obniżenie emisji NO do poziomu 61% w stosunku do zasilania olejem napędowym. W obszarze tlenku węgla (CO) użycie paliwa zawierającego 20% H2O obniża emisję do poziomu 20% w stosunku do zasilania silnika olejem napędowym W obszarze tlenków azotu (NO) użycie paliwa zawierającego 20% H2O obniżyło emisję NOx do poziomu 67% w stosunku do zasilania olejem napędowym.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 4; 227-232
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Emulsified fuels of machine origin in seawater - a contribute to remote detection
Autorzy:: Rudz, K.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246040.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2011
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: oil pollution
remote sensing reflectance
Monte Carlo simulation
radiative transfer
oil-in-water emulsion
Opis:: Development of industry and trade in the last few decades caused a huge increase in the pollution of the world's oceans. Substantial contributors to marine pollution come with the rivers from land-based sources including the by products of industry, run-off from agriculture activities such as biocides as well as effluents from urban areas. Moreover, a significant amount of marine pollution is caused by shipping and maritime activities. The operation of ship plants gives a real possibility for engine oils and fuels to reach the marine environment. Discharge waters contain a certain amount of petroleum derivatives in the form of dispersed droplets (oil-in-water emulsion). The presence of oil emulsion cause measurable changes in the optical properties of seawater. It is conceptually possible to detect these changes using a standard radiance or irradiance reflectance meter. Hence, a set of radiative transfer simulation has been carried out. This paper presents a computed photon trace simulation based on the Monte Carlo code, applied to the marine environment. The results are presented as reflectance spectra for the models of Baltic Sea and ocean water both pure and polluted by oil emulsion. It is shown that even small amounts of petroleum pollution raise the values of irradiance reflectance and cause a spectral shift by certain conditions. A possibility for remote evaluation of oil pollution is discussed as well as the perspective for improving the interpretation of shipboard and offshore light field analyses.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 3; 375-381
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Emulsified fuels of machine origin in seawater - a contribute to remote detection
Autorzy:: Rudz, K.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242232.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2011
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: oil pollution
remote sensing reflectance
Monte Carlo simulation
radiative transfer
oil-in-water emulsion
Opis:: Development of industry and trade in the last few decades caused a huge increase in the pollution of the world's oceans. Substantial contributors to marine pollution come with the rivers from land-based sources including the by-products of industry, run-off from agriculture activities such as biocides as well as effluents from urban areas. Moreover, a significant amount of marine pollution is caused by shipping and maritime activities. The operation of ship plants gives a real possibility for engine oils and fuels to reach the marine environment. Discharge waters contain a certain amount of petroleum derivatives in the form of dispersed droplets (oil-in-water emulsion). The presence of oil emulsion cause measurable changes in the optical properties of seawater. It is conceptually possible to detect these changes using a standard radiance or irradiance reflectance meter. Hence, a set of radiative transfer simulation has been carried out. This paper presents a computed photon trace simulation based on the Monte Carlo code, applied to the marine environment. The results are presented as reflectance spectra for the models of Baltic Sea and ocean water both pure and polluted by oil emulsion. It is shown that even small amounts of petroleum pollution rise the values of irradiance reflectance and cause a spectral shift by certain conditions. A possibility for remote evaluation of oil pollution is discussed as well as the perspective for improving the interpretation of shipboard and offshore light field analyses.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 2; 385-390
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Light absorption properties of ‘Petrobaltic’ oil-in-water emulsion present in seawater
Autorzy:: Baszanowska, E.
Otremba, Z.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246640.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: crude oil, absorbance
absorption spectra of dispersed oil
absorption coefficient
oil-in-water emulsion
Opis:: In the article, the characteristic of crude oil ‘Petrobaltic’ potentially present in the Baltic Sea water masses is considered in relation to the protection of marine environment. The main spectroscopic method to characterize various oils (crudes and refinery products like fuels and lubricating oils) is fluorescence. However, the absorbance measurements of oils are necessary due to the partial overlapping the spectra of natural seawater components and oil substances. Therefore, properties of crude oil are considered to expand the basis of spectroscopic properties of oils – typical marine organic pollutants – based on absorption measurements. Oils potentially found in the marine environment are, in addition to surface forms, also in-depth ones as oil-in-water emulsion. Therefore, in the article crude oil as oil-in-water emulsion form is considered. As a solvent demineralised water with salinity, corresponding to Baltic Sea salinity was used. Several concentrations of dispersed crude oil were prepared. The absorbance spectra in the UV and visual range of the light in the range from 240 to 600 nm, for each prepared samples are discussed. Based on the Lambert-Beer law for each wavelength of excitation, in the range 240-600 nm, the specific parameter absorption coefficient was determined. Obtained results indicate the rapid decreasing of the absorbance for this kind of oil in the wavelength range from 240 nm to 420 nm. However, in the shape of absorbance spectra is observed the characteristic wide and flat peak located at 260 nm for excitation wavelength, which could be a specific point for this kind of oil.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 3; 59-64
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Modelling of seawater polluted by light and heavy crude oil droplets
Autorzy:: Rudź, K.
Darecki, M.
Toczek, H.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246668.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2012
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: oil pollution
remote sensing reflectance
Monte Carlo simulation
radiative transfer
oil-in-water emulsion
Opis:: Significant amounts of crude oil transported from offshore fields to the refineries using tankers or pipelines, demand increased control of seawater pollution. Tanker accidents resulting in oil spills drive much attention, as they influence local marine life and coastal industry. However, the most significant annual amount of crude oil enters the sea in the form of oilin- water emulsion as a result of standard tanker operations, offshore oil extraction and daily work of refineries. Many branches of science are challenged to provide new methods for oil detection, less expensive, more sensitive and more accurate. Remote satellite or airborne detection of large oil spills is possible using joint techniques as microwave radars, ultraviolet laser fluorosensors and infrared radars. Some methods are capable to deal with oil streaks detection and estimation of oil thickness. Although there is currently, no method to detect small concentration of oil droplets dispersed in seawater. Oil droplets become additional absorbents and attenuators in water body. They significantly change seawater inherent optical properties, which imply the change of apparent optical properties, detectable using remote sensing techniques. To enable remote optical detection of oil-in-water emulsion, a study of optical properties of two types of crude oil was conducted. Radiative transfer theory was applied to quantify the contribution of oil emulsion to remote sensing reflectance (Rrs). Spectra of Rrs from in situ measurements in Baltic Sea were compared to Rrs spectra of seawater polluted by 1 ppm of crude oil emulsion, collected using radiative transfer simulation. The light crude oil caused a 9-10% increase of Rrs while the heavy one reduced Rrs up to 30% (model accuracy stayed within 5% for considered spectral range). Results are discussed concerning their application to shipboard and offshore oil content detection.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 2; 473-480
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Study of the droplet size of the discrete phase of a fuel-water emulsion
Badanie wielkości kropel fazy dyskretnej emulsji paliwowo-wodnej
Autorzy:: Niszczota, Paweł
Gieras, Marian
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38941366.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2023
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: fuel-water emulsion
alternative fuel
emulsifier
emulsion fuel
emulsion
emulsion discrete phase
emulsja paliwowo-wodna
paliwo alternatywne
emulgator
paliwo emulsyjne
faza dyskretna emulsji
Opis:: In the era of increasing care for the earth's climate, numerous scientific studies are being conducted looking for alternative fuels with reduced emissions. One is a fuel-water emulsion, which has a particularly positive effect on NOx emissions. The article presents tests carried out on a fuel-water emulsion containing from 3% to 15% water and from 1% to 3% emulsifier, aiming to determine the microscopic properties of the developed emulsion. The study focused on the influence of the composition of the tested emulsion, the mixing time of its components and the influence of pumping it through the fuel pump on the size of water droplets of the discrete phase.
W dobie coraz większej dbałości o klimat na Ziemi prowadzone są liczne badania naukowe poszukujące paliw alternatywnych o ograniczonej emisyjności. Jednym z nich jest emulsja paliwowo-wodna, której zastosowanie szczególnie korzystnie wpływa na emisję NOx. W artykule przedstawiono badania przeprowadzone na emulsji paliwowo -wodnej zawierającej od 3% do 15% wody oraz od 1% do 3% emulgatora, których celem było poznanie właściwości mikroskopowych opracowywanej emulsji. Skupiono się na wpływie składu badanej emulsji, czasu mieszania jej składników oraz przepompowania jej przez pompę paliwa na wielkość kropel wodnej fazy dyskretnej.
Źródło:: Journal of KONBiN; 2023, 53, 4; 1-12
1895-8281
2083-4608
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONBiN
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:: Emulsja oleju napędowego jako paliwo alternatywne
Emulsified diesel as an alternative fuel
Autorzy:: Pacholski, P.
Błaszczyk, M.
Sęk, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134690.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: ADVSEO
Tematy:: water-in-Diesel emulsion
alternative fuel
emulsion stability
microexplosion
Opis:: Emulsified water-in-Diesel fuel is a solution that helps to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matters in compression-ignition engines. The biggest advantage of this fuel is a possibility to introduce it to older generation units without any modifications. The presented solution allows the mixture to be burned more complete which results in less soot formation. However, the practical application of this fuel is limited mainly because its limited stability. In this article we review the following issues connected with water-in diesel fuel: its production, stability, influence on engine performance and environmental benefits. The main aspect of this paper is to review the advantages related to better combustion of such emulsion and reduction in emission of health hazardous substances.
Źródło:: Technical Issues; 2016, 4; 62-67
2392-3954
Pojawia się w:: Technical Issues
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:: Charakterystyka emulsji olej-woda stabilizowanych Roksolem EMB-2
Characteristics of oil-water emulsions stabilized by Roksol EMB-2
Autorzy:: Ochowiak, M.
Włodarczak, S.
Matuszak, M.
Markowska, M.
Krupińska, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073315.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:: emulsja olej-woda
stężenie emulgatora
stabilność emulsji
średnice kropel
oil-water emulsion
emulsifier concentration
emulsion stability
diameters of droplets
Opis:: Przedstawiono wpływ stężenia emulgatora na wielkość kropel emulsji, właściwości reologiczne i stabilność emulsji. Wykazano, że lepkość emulsji wzrasta wraz ze wzrostem stężenia emulgatora. Średnice kropel fazy rozproszonej zmniejszają się wraz ze wzrostem stężenia emulgatora. Struktura emulsji zależy od lepkości oleju. Lepkość emulsji, jej struktura, wielkość kropel oraz lepkość oleju wpływają na stabilność emulsji.
The effect of emulsifier concentration on droplet sizes, rheological properties and emulsions stability is shown in the paper. It was proved that emulsion viscosity increases with the increase of emulsifier concentration. The droplet diameters of dispersed phase decrease with the increase of emulsifier concentration. The emulsion structure depends on oil viscosity. The emulsion viscosity, emulsion structure and droplet sizes affect the emulsion stability.
Źródło:: Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna; 2018, 4; 110--111
0368-0827
Pojawia się w:: Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:: An analysis of pressure distribution in water and water emulsion in a front gap of a hydrostatic bearing
Analiza rozkładu ciśnienia wody i emulsji wodnej w szczelinie czołowej łożyska hydrostatycznego
Autorzy:: Kowalski, K.
Zloto, T.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/792293.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Komisja Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
Tematy:: pressure distribution
water
water emulsion
variable height gap
hydrostatic thrust bearing
Navier-Stokes equation
geometrical parameter
exploitation condition
Źródło:: Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa; 2014, 14, 4
1641-7739
Pojawia się w:: Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 14.

Tytuł:: Analysis concerning possibilities of adjustability of cruise ferries and Ro-Ro vessels operating on the Baltic Sea to the requirements of Annex VI of the MARPOL convention
Autorzy:: Giernalczyk, M.
Wojciechowski, P.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247480.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: cruise ferry
ro-ro vessel
toxic compounds
carbon dioxide
air pollution
environmental protection
fuel-water emulsion
Opis:: The goal of the paper is to focus on the problem of emission of harmful compounds e.g. NOx, SOx and CO2 from seagoing ships to environment. The VI Amendment to MARPOL Convention concerning prevention against air pollution by seagoing ships, brought into practice in May 19th 2005, forced ship owners to use means for reduction of environment harmful substances emission to atmosphere. They may comprise construction and operating methods. Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) is one of the tools enabling implementation of the above-mentioned regulations, compulsory to all new design and build ships. However, for units already in operation, the problem requires a different approach. The article presents various methods of reduction of toxic substances and CO2 by seagoing vessels in order to adapt to the requirements of the Convention and other legal regulations in this regard. As an example, the analysis has been presented concerning possibilities of adjustability of cruise ferries and Ro-Ro vessels operating on the Baltic Sea to the requirements of Annex VI of the MARPOL Convention. Some possible solutions have been shown focusing on selection of system of combustion of hydro-fuel emulsion in main drive engine. Article contains description of introducing water to the combustion chamber methods and water influence on the combustion process.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 3; 143-150
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 15.

Tytuł:: Modelling the bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDF) of sea areas polluted by oil
Autorzy:: Otremba, Z.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49118.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2004
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:: marine environment
radiance
petroleum industry
modelling
oil
pollution
remote sensing
oil pollution
oil emulsion
bidirectional reflectance distribution function
sea
oil-water emulsion
marine area
Opis:: The paper discusses the possibilities of modelling the bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) in sea areas polluted by oil. Three sea basin models are considered: a coastal one free of oil, one polluted by an oil film and one polluted by an oil emulsion. The following concentrations of oil were compared: for the film, 1 cm3 of oil per 1 m2 water surface, for the emulsion 1 cm3 of oil in 1 m3 of water. The optical properties of Romashkino crude oil were taken into consideration, as were various angles of incident solar light. The conversion of BRDFs into a directional distribution of the optical contrast of polluted areas is demonstrated.
Źródło:: Oceanologia; 2004, 46, 4
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:: Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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