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Tytuł:
Practical Implication of Tap Water Consumtpion Structure in Rural Households
Autorzy:
Bergel, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123101.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
rural household
water consumption
water consumption structure
Opis:
The aim of the study was to determine the structure of tap water consumption in rural households. The structure was analyzed based on direct measurements of water consumption carried out in the years 2011–2014 in 70 households in Rybna (Czernichów commune, Małopolska region). Thanks to two metering points (water supply connection and water supply point outside a residential building), it was possible to determine water consumption for the household and other purposes. The collected data indicated significant discrepancies between actual water consumption and those recommended in various guidelines. The analysis of water consumption structure showed that these discrepancies were also found for the amount of domestic sewage discharged from the rural households. This fact has significant practical implications, as the calculated metrics of unit water consumption are used during design and technical renovation of individual elements of water supply systems and for billing the inhabitants for water consumption in the households without a water meter (lump sum). The study also demonstrated inadequacy of the rule assuming that sewage amount is equal to the amount of water consumed in rural households, which is commonly used in design of sewerage networks and for calculating charges for sewage discharge.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2017, 18, 1; 231-237
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the structure of water consumption in rural households in terms of design guidelines water and sewage systems
Autorzy:
Bergel, T.
Kaczor, G.
Bugajski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/100995.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
rural household
water consumption
structure of water consumption
Opis:
The aim of the paper was an analysis of the structure of tap water consumption by rural households considering the use of its results for designing the elements of water supply and sewer systems. The analysis of this structure was based on direct measurements of water consumption conducted in 2011-2014 in 30 households located in Przeginia Duchowna village (Czernichów commune, Malopolskie province). Double measurement of water consumption (water supply connection or water draw off point outside a residential building) enabled the separation water consumption for household and additional purposes from the total water consumption per household. Analysis of the collected data revealed considerable disproportions between the real water consumption and stated in the design guidelines. Calculated on the basis of the study, averaging 85.6 dm3 I-1·d-1, accounted for only 57% of the value of 150 dm3 I-1·d-1 most commonly used in design. Because of the possible determining the water consumption structure it was demonstrated, that the divergences concerned also the volume of domestic sewage discharged from rural households. Obtained results revealed also that application of the principle, where the volume of sewage equals the volume of water consumption by rural households, for designing sewer systems is usually incorrect. In the analyzed household in fact, only 83.1% of the volume of waste water was discharged in the form of waste water to the sewage system. The remainder was called. non-returnable water consumption for additional purposes.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2016, IV/4; 1899-1910
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hot Water Consumption Time in Multi-Apartment Buildings
Autorzy:
Nejranowski, Jerzy
Szaflik, Władysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123903.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
hot water consumption
consumption time
stochastic modeling
water consumption
Opis:
The effective consumption time of hot water in multi-apartment buildings depends on the daily activities of residents, their number, habits and overall size of the system. On the basis of the aggregated data from 8 multiapartments building, with between 36 and 291 draw-off points each, the effective consumption time during the day was determined. The data was then calculated to show the daily consumption per draw-off point. The least squares method was applied to the assumed consumption model to determine the total number of consumption hours per day.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2020, 21, 4; 199-202
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Daily Water Consumption For Household Purposes and its Variability in a Rural Household
Autorzy:
Bergel, T.
Kotowski, T.
Woyciechowska, O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123290.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
rural household
water consumption
household purposes
variability of water consumption
Opis:
The paper presents an analysis of daily water consumption for household purposes carried out within one year in a selected rural household. The study was undertaken because so far the guidelines for designing rural water supply systems have not been updated for a very long time and needed verification. It involved a comprehensive system for measuring water consumption equipped with automatic readers and data recorders. The research clearly showed that actual water consumption was much lower than that provided in the current guidelines, and confirmed significant variability in water consumption for household purposes depending on the day of the week. Moreover, variability of water consumption within a year, determined by daily variation coefficient, was found to be much higher than that provided in the guidelines.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2016, 17, 3; 47-52
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determinants of water consumption in the dairy industry
Autorzy:
Wojdalski, J.
Dróżdż, B.
Piechocki, J.
Gaworski, M.
Zander, Z.
Marjanowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779049.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
dairy industry
water consumption
environment
Opis:
This paper analyzes the correlations between selected technical, process and production factors, equipment profiles and water consumption statistics in four types of dairy plants. Dairy plants were surveyed both individually and in groups. Water consumption was most highly correlated (r > 0.868) with equipment profiles. The highest water consumption was observed in dairy plants operating milk powder departments. In those plants, organization and production factors could significantly reduce water consumption levels because in addition to milk powder, those plants also supplied eight other products. The indicators of water consumption per unit of the final product were correlated (at 0.820 > | r | > 0.663) with equipment profiles, the degree of process automation and employment. Variations in water consumption per unit of the final product were best explained in small plants supplying several products. The presented equations can be used to optimize water demand of various types of equipment and to determine the correlations with energy consumption for wastewater treatment. Our results can contribute to the development of water consumption models in dairy plants and the implementation of clean production standards.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2013, 15, 2; 61-72
1509-8117
1899-4741
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza produkcji i zużycia wody w Pile
Analysis of production and consumption of water in Pila
Autorzy:
Żuchowicki, A. W.
Telega, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819625.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
produkcja wody
zużycie wody
spadek zużycia wody
water production
water consumption
decrease in water consumption
Opis:
Od 90-tych lat XX wieku obserwujemy ciągłe zmiany w produkcji i zużyciu wody. Spowodowane jest to różnymi czynnikami, m.in. większą świadomością odbiorcy na temat wartości wody oraz wzrostem ceny 1 m3 zużywanej wody. Orientacyjne wskaźniki zapotrzebowania na wodę w Polsce określa Rozporządzenie Ministra Infrastruktury z dnia 14 stycznia 2002 r. w sprawie określenia przeciętnych norm zużycia wody (Dz. U. Nr 8, poz. 70) [5]. Wielkości zużycia wody zależą od standardu wyposażenia mieszkań poszczególnych odbiorców. Tendencja spadkowa zużycia i produkcji wody jest systematycznie odnotowywana również w innych krajach Europy [2], jednak w Polsce wartości te należą do jednych z najniższych w Europie.
From 90ties of the twentieth century, constant changes in production and consumption of water is observed. It is caused by various factors, including increased awareness of customers about the value of water and increase of price of 1 m3 of consumed water. Downward trend of consumption and production of water is systematically recorded in other European countries, but in Poland, these values are among the lowest in Europe. This paper presents data concerning water production and water consumption in Piła. Pila is a city located on the border of Western Pomerania and Wielkopolska. It covers area of 102.7 km2. Population of Piła reaches approximately 75000. Water for inhabitants of Piła is taken from the water supply network with diameters ranging from 80 to 600 mm, with a total length of 147.1 km (excluding household water connections). Water supply network is made mostly of cast iron pipes (72%). One of the major factors determining the efficiency of water supply in Piła is the age of existing pipelines. Development of the city id followed by expansion of existing water mains, but still the largest share of Pila's pipeline network is constructed before 1945 (35%) (Figure 1). The analysis shows the changes of water consumption are present over the years covered by the research. Decline in production and consumption of water is sharply outlined and is in accordance with downward trend occurring in many Polish cities.The research covered the years 1995-2005 and covered water production for the whole city and water consumption in households. Produkcja wody w badanym okresie ulega corocznym zmianom. Między rokiem 2000 a 2005 różnica w produkcji wody wyniosła 399 tys. m3. W poprzednich pięciu latach, tj. od roku 1995 do roku 2000 różnica produkcji wody wyniosła 1506 tys. m3 (rysunek 2). Water production during the research period changed annually. Between 2000 and 2005 the difference in water production was 399 thousands of m . In the previous five years, that is from 1995 to 2000 difference in water production amounted to 1,506 thousand of m3 (Figure 2).The data of water consumption in the years 1995-2000 shows also drop in consumption of 26.9%, this result is similar to result concerning decrease of water production. While the decrease in water consumption in subsequent studied years (2000-2005) differs from the production of water and amounts to 14.8% (Figure 5). On the basis of the analysis it is possible to state that real water consumption index are much lower in comparison with values that were taken into consideration during water-pipe network design stage. On the basis of obtained data, real values differ from those assumed and in 2005 year. Latest values are 103 dm3/Mday from data of water consumption in households, and 165 dm3/M-day from calculated on the basis of water production.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2010, Tom 12; 313-324
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Characteristics of Water Consumption in Chocianów, Parchów and Pogorzeliska, Lower Silesia Province
Autorzy:
Ogiołda, Ewa
Nowogoński, Ireneusz
Pietrzak, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/396306.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
water supply system
water consumption
irregularity of water consumption
sieć wodociągowa
zużycie wody
nieregularność zużycia wody
Opis:
Water consumption is an amount characteristic to individual water sup-ply systems. It is described by values of the unitary consumption of water and unevenness coefficients. An analysis of consumption for the years 2009-2016 in two systems which are diverse in terms of the number of supplied recipients as well as the intended water use is presented. The values of unitary consumption indices as well as hourly and daily irregularity of consumption were calculated, and factors influencing the irregularity of consumption in different time frames indicated. Conclusions regarding the amount and irregularity of consumption were drawn and compared with guidelines and other analysed systems.
Źródło:
Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports; 2019, 29, 2; 13-21
2080-5187
2450-8594
Pojawia się w:
Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pipe-borne water consumption and its wastage: A study based on Panandura Urban Area in Sri Lanka
Autorzy:
Kaleel, M. I. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1182765.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
water consumption
water saving and management
water wastage
Opis:
Water is a lifeblood aspect of human being and without water, human being is impossible in the world. From time to time, people have consumed water from many sources and the ancient civilizations also emerged from river banks to meet the need of water. In this modern industrial world, technological advancements have enabled the pipe-borne water supply in widespread manner and it is not except to Sri Lanka too. Excessive consumption of water leads to water resource scarcity and hinders the even water supply to the people. In general context, water wastage is seen as ‘the consumption of excessive water for the routing needs’. In Sri Lanka, the provision of water for drinking and irrigation on a sustainable basis is a national priority (Central bank of Sri Lanka, 2005). Despite, the pipe-borne water supply is considered as a method to supply water for people who are not access to the water, it has many contemporary impacts on water quantity’s change and consumption pattern. Thus, this study was conducted to find the pipe-borne water consuption and its wastages in Panandura urban area. The objectives of this study are ‘to evaluate the change of the quantity of pipe-borne water consumption, to find the factors for the water wastage and finding the mechanisms to reduce the water wastage and propose the proper water management plans’. This study was conducted using the primary and secondary data. As primary data, discussion, questionnaires were used and as secondary data, reports from national water supply and drainage board, Divisional Secretariat reports, books, research papers, newspaper, magazines, websites, qualitative and quantitative tools were used. Based on the analysis and using the collected data, objectives were attained as population growth, rise in income level, modern machinery utilization, urbanization are the reasons for the change of pipe-borne water consumption. And also, the main factors for the water wastages are the pattern of the water consumption of residents, water leaks and dearth of awareness among residents. To reduce the over consumption and wastage, frequently check the water leaks in households, recycle the used water, to follow the rain water harvesting methods and to conduct the awareness programmes among people regarding the water saving and wastage, were suggested as recommendations and importance of water saving and managemet also stressed in this study considering our posterity.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 66; 250-262
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zużycie wody w wybranych branżach przemysłu spożywczego
Penetration of nitrogen into water as a result of fertilization of light soil
Autorzy:
Steinhoff-Wrześniewska, A
Rajmund, A
Godzwon, J
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/400196.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
zużycie wody
mięso
mleko
water consumption
milk
water
Opis:
Zakłady przetwórstwa mięsnego i mlecznego zużywają największe ilości wody w branży przetwórstwa spożywczego. Wskaźniki zużycia wody w analizowanych zakładach mleczarskich wyniosły 3 l wody/l mleka surowego i były zbliżone do danych literaturowych. Wielkość uzyskanego wskaźnika w branży mleczarskiej nie zależała od ilości przerabianego w zakładzie mleka. W zakładach mięsnych stwierdzono tendencję do obniżania wielkości wskaźników zużycia wody w poszczególnych latach.
The studies covered the branches: milk industry, meat processing and slaughterhouses. Performed in the paper were analyses of water consumption Comparison of water management in two branches showed that the highest water absorbability is in meat processing and slaughterhouses. The values obtained for meat industry indicate that it is the least diversified branch. Water consumption in the plants under study amounted from 1,2-4,7 m3/Mg for milk industry and 10,75 m3/Mg (average) for meat branches.
Źródło:
Inżynieria Ekologiczna; 2013, 32; 164-171
2081-139X
2392-0629
Pojawia się w:
Inżynieria Ekologiczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A New Approach to the Maximum Quarterly Water Consumption Modeling on the Example of Individual Water Consumers in a Small Water Supply System
Autorzy:
Młyńska, Anna
Bergel, Tomasz
Młyński, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069910.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
water supply system
water consumption
modeling
probability distribution
Opis:
Quarterly water consumption data collected in a small water supply system were used for elaboration of a new water consumption modeling approach. In this paper, multi-distribution statistical analysis was performed. As the Anderson-Darling test proved, at least a half out of the ten tested theoretical probability distributions can be used for description of the water consumption. The application of the PWRMSE criterion made it possible to determine, which of the tested theoretical distributions is the best-fitted to the empirical data set. In the case of total daily water consumption for the group of the households, it was Johnson distribution, whereas for the average daily water consumption per capita, it was GEV distribution. Based on the best-fitted probability distribution, a 25-year water consumption simulation with the Monte Carlo method was conducted. Because methodology of this study is based on the probability distributions, even if the type of theoretical distribution of the water consumption will change, it will be still possible to use this simulation method by assuming the other distribution.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2021, 23; 180--197
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Water consumption of oil rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) in Isparta conditions
Autorzy:
Kadayifci, A.
Senyigit, U.
Kepenek, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/61532.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
water consumption
plant water consumption
Damask rose
rose
essential oil
Rosa damascena
Isparta province
environment condition
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2015, III/2
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zużycie wody w budownictwie wielorodzinnym - wybrane zagadnienia
Water consumption in the multi-family housing selected issues
Autorzy:
Podwójci, P.
Kozłowski, M.
Krysiuk, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819448.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
wodomierz
zużycie wody
budownictwo wielorodzinne
statystyka zużycia wody
water meter
water consumption
multi-family housing
water consumption statistics
Opis:
Największe zużycie wody w Polsce można było zaobserwować w latach osiemdziesiątych ubiegłego wieku. Wynikało to w dużej mierze z braku opomiarowania odbiorców oraz niskiej świadomości społecznej. Wraz z zamontowaniem wodomierzy oraz sukcesywnym wzrostem cen wody rozpoczęła się tendencja zniżkowa zużycia wody przez przeciętnego mieszkańca. Rozpoczęto również prace mające na celu zminimalizowanie strat wody - instalacja nowej, szczelnej armatury czerpalnej, wprowadza się nowe wytyczne przy projektowaniu instalacji wodociągowej (obowiązek montażu wodomierzy), a jej metalowe elementy zastępuje się odpowiednikami z tworzyw sztucznych [2, 11]. Pomimo tak wielu zabiegów, w budownictwie wielorodzinnym nadal pojawiały się konflikty przy rozliczaniu mieszkańców za wodę. Ich źródłem były rozbieżności pomiędzy wskazaniem wodomierza głównego (WG), a sumą wskazań wodomierzy mieszkaniowych (WM). To właśnie tę różnicę nazywamy stratami pozornymi. Przy założeniu, że wszystkie wodomierze instalacji są sprawne i wskazują zawsze faktyczną ilość wody jaka przez nie przepłynęła, wskazanie na WG powinno być równe WM. Niestety prawie nigdy nie ma to miejsca. Przyczyn jest wiele, najczęstsze to: jakość wodomierzy, nieszczelności w instalacji, kradzież wody poprzez ingerowanie w działanie wodomierzy mieszkaniowych. Tu przechodzimy do klas wodomierzy. To od nich zależy jakie dane urządzenie spełnia standardy. Im wyższa klasa wodomierza tym jego czułość i dokładność pomiaru jest większa. Każdy wodomierz zarówno ten domowy jak i zbiorczy (np. główny) ma swój próg rozruchu poniżej którego albo wcale nie pracuje, albo jego wskazania obarczone są dużym błędem pomiarowym [3]. Przy wodomierzu odpowiedniej klasy może zostać zmierzona nawet ilość wody wypływająca z cieknącego kranu. Im większy wodomierz (większa średnica DN) tym zwykle ma wyższy próg rozruchu, a co za tym idzie mniejszą dokładność przy niewielkich przepływach wody. Tak więc w budownictwie wielorodzinnym przepływ, który wystarczy do poruszenia pojedynczego wodomierza mieszkaniowego może nie wystarczyć do poruszenia wodomierza głównego. W artykule podjęto próbę oceny wielkości strat pozornych zużycia wody oraz identyfikację głównych czynników mających wpływ na to zjawisko. Dodatkowo spróbowano określić wpływ przerw reklamowych na zużycie wody. Badania (analizę) podzielono na trzy części, odpowiednio w części: A. Próbowano określić jaki wpływ na wielkość strat pozornych ma "starzenie się" wodomierzy mieszkaniowych (od ostatniej legalizacji), B. Próbowano określić czy przepływ mały/duży (rozbiory dzienne/nocne) ma wpływ na wielkość strat pozornych, C. Próbowano określić wpływ przerw reklamowych na zużycie wody. Autorzy artykułu od wielu lat zajmują się szeroko rozumianą problematyką zużycia wody w budownictwie wielorodzinnym.
The highest water consumption in Poland was recorded in the eighties of the last century. It arose due to the lack of consumer's measurement and low public awareness. Along with the installation of water meters and a gradual increase of water prices, a decline of water consumption by the average citizen has begun. The efforts to minimize the loss of water were started - the installa-tion of a new, sealed tap fittings, new guidelines for the design of water system were introduced (the mandatory installation of water meters), and its metal parts replaced with plastic equivalents. Despite so many efforts in the multi-family housing, there are still conflicts in squaring residents for water. It is caused by the discrepancy between indications of main water meters (MWM) and the sum of the indications of residential water meters in the multi-family housing (WM). This discrepancy is called the apparent loss. Assuming that all water meters in installation are in good working order and always show the actual amount of water that flowed by, the reading of the MWM should be equal to WM. Unfortunately, it almost never occurs. There are many causes of that phenomenon, the most common are: the quality of water meters, leaks in the installation, theft of water by interfering with the operation of residential water meters. Which standards the water meter complies depends on their classes. The higher the class of the water meter, the higher sensitivity and accuracy. Each water meter of both the home and the collective (e.g. main one) has a starting threshold below which the water meter does not work at all or its readings carry a high measuring error. Thanks to proper class of water meters, even the amount of water flowing from the leaky tap can be measured. The larger the water meter (larger diameter DN) the higher starting threshold and thus less accuracy at low flow rates. In the article, the authors have made an attempt to determine a real specific water consumption and elements which can have an influence on discrepancy between indications of main water meters and the sum of the indications of residential water meters in the multi-family hous-ing In addition, an attempt to determine the impact of advertising breaks on water consumption was made. Research was divided into three parts, respectively: A. An attempt to determine the impact of "aging" of water meters on the amount of apparent losses (since the last attestation); B. An attempt to determine whether the small / large flow (daily/ night consumption) affects the apparent losses; C. An attempt to determine the impact of advertising breaks on water consumption. The studies allow to formulate the following conclusions: 1. Apparent water losses are inevitable. However, they can be eliminated to a reasonable value by the introduction of modern measuring equipment subjected to periodic attestation. 2. Night period, and large jumps of water flow are the largest source of apparent losses. 3. Advertisements breaks during broadcasting the program on television have a definite influence on the water consumption.
Źródło:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2011, Tom 13; 1653-1665
1506-218X
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiz norm vodopotreblenija v Ukrainie
Analysis of water consumption rates in Ukraine
Autorzy:
Maslak, V.
Nasonkina, N.
Gutarova, M.
Jakovenko, K.
Chumak, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/76423.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Komisja Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
Tematy:
water consumption
consumption rate
consumer
Ukraine
water supply
water meter
water loss
Źródło:
Motrol. Motoryzacja i Energetyka Rolnictwa; 2014, 16, 6
1730-8658
Pojawia się w:
Motrol. Motoryzacja i Energetyka Rolnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research on the Hourly Water Consumption Structure in Rural and Suburban Household
Autorzy:
Młyńska, Anna
Bergel, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173357.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
hourly water consumption
rural household
suburban household
Opis:
Currently, the character of many households located in rural areas is closer to that of suburban households. The change in the characters of households located in rural areas results in changes in the size and irregularity of water demand, which should translate into a new approach at the stage of water supply systems designing. Therefore, in order to supplement the state of knowledge in this study area, this paper presents the results of the research on the structure of hourly water consumption in two households located in rural areas; the first household had a suburban character, whereas the second one was a typical rural household. The results showed differences in the amount and the distribution of hourly water consumption in the analyzed households. Except on weekends, the average hourly water consumption in rural household (RH) was higher than in suburban household (SH). In contrast, in the rural household, the distribution of hourly water consumption on all days of the week was very similar and the peak water consumption was clearly marking in the morning and in the evening. In the case of the suburban household, a tendency of increased water consumption in the evening was observed, but without clearly noticeable peak water consumption. Moreover, the structure of hourly water consumption in suburban household on Saturday and Sunday was different than on weekdays. The analyzed households were characterized by the highest share of hourly water consumption up to 20.0 dm3·h-1. In the rural household, both the amount and the distribution of hourly water consumption were determined by water use for additional purposes. In the case of the suburban household, it was shaped by the living needs of the inhabitants.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 9; 219--230
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Consumption and Savings of Drinking Water in Selected Objects
Autorzy:
Vaverka, Igor
Jakimiuk, Aleksandra
Trach, Yuliia
Koda, Eugeniusz
Vaverková, Magdalena Daria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1838427.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
water saver
water consumption
profitability analysis
water use
kindergarten
Opis:
Water is essential to the proper functioning of kindergartens and schools. Nevertheless, water consumption in public facilities is usually high, often exceeding the average household water consumption. Recently, increasing pressure on this valuable and depletable natural resource has been noticed and, therefore, it is interesting to study the water consumption in kindergartens and the possibilities of water saving. The present work examined 6 kindergarten facilities in Kyjov, Czech Republic, where the equipment has been enhanced with the faucet water saving technology. The work analyzed the impact of the equipment on the reduction of water consumption as a raw material and on the financial and economic profitability. The results were estimated based on the variation of two parameters such as average daily water consumption and demand per person. The experiment showed that installing the savers resulted in water savings ranging from 8% to 18.7% for average daily consumption and from 10.02% to 23.2% for per capita demand.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2021, 22, 5; 13-25
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 109

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