Temat: water balance equation - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: The Impact of Hydrologic Characteristics of Mountain Watersheds on Geometric and Hydraulic Parameters of Natural Torrent Beds
Autorzy:: Jakubis, Matúš
Jakubisová, Mariana
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124393.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:: water balance equation
stream morphogenesis
High Tatras
Slovakia
Opis:: The aim of the paper is to determine the geometric and hydraulic characteristics of natural torrent beds and to propose a regional hydraulic geometry equations of mountain watersheds for the High Tatras region. The research was conducted in 26 natural torrents and their watersheds on the reference sections and profiles under the sediment source zones. Two different regression equations to determine the relationships of hydraulic geometry (hitherto used without asymptote and newly proposed with asymptote) were compared. The analyses showed a strong correlation relationship between watershed area A_w (km²) and bankfull geometric characteristics of natural cross-sections: width of the bed inside the banks B_bf (m), mean depth of the bed H_bf (m), channel cross-section area A_bf (m²) and hydraulic characteristic – bankfull discharge Q_bf (m³.s^-1). The results were tested by t-test and Shapiro-Wilk test. The determination coefficient (R²) for the relationships without asymptote ranged between R² = 0.919 and R² = 0.972; p – values from Shapiro – Wilk test ranged between p = 0.0359 and p = 0.8027. The determination coefficient (R²) for the relationships with asymptote ranged between R² = 0.952 and R² = 0.974; p – values from Shapiro – Wilk test ranged between p = 0.0221 and p = 0.8617. Based on the analysis we found that the new equation with the asymptote provides very good results.
Źródło:: Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 3; 13-23
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Wybrane aspekty badania długoterminowych cykli zmian zapasu wody glebowej w drzewostanach jednogeneracyjnych
Selected aspects of the study of long-term cycles of changes in the soil water storage in single generation stands
Autorzy:: Suliński, J.
Starzak, R.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979483.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:: lesnictwo
drzewostany jednopokoleniowe
woda glebowa
zapas wody w gruncie
zmiany zapasu wody glebowej
forest water balance
forest soil water storage
water balance equation
atmosphere−forest−soil model
Opis:: This article describes cyclic changes in the soil water storage that take place within developmental stages of the stands managed by clear−cutting system. The aim of the paper is to present possibilities of studying these changes and their significance for the dynamics of waterlogging of forest ecosystems and water outflow from the forest. Soil water storage (SWS) in forest soils undergoes cyclic changes that can be divided into short−term, seasonal and long−term. Short−term changes, calculated on a daily basis, and seasonal, covering the entire growing season, can be identified and analyzed based on stock values measured over relatively short periods. Studying long−term cycles in this way is practically impossible, as there are no long−term measuring sequences. However, it is possible to use water−balance equilibrium in atmosphere−stand−soil (A−D−G) for this purpose. The dependent variables include increments of soil water storage, while independent ones are represented by the biometric features of stands and hydro−climatic factors. The balance equations should be built separately for SWS supply and losses. In the recharge phase the increase of the SWS after single rainfall, the amount of potential interception proportional to the plant surface and the weight of the forest litter as well as rainfall intensity and duration, which determine the level of its use are taken into account. SWS losses are explained by the rates of plant transpiration, linearly dependent on the amount of biomass produced and evaporation from the soil surface, which is a function of the amount of solar energy and wind velocity within the stand. They are modulated in relation to the conditions above the canopy that in turn depend on biometric characteristics of the stand. Taking into account the hydro−climatic conditions above the canopy ensures that the ceteris paribus condition is met. Recognition of long−term SWS cycles is possible due to the knowledge of stand dynamics manifested by changes in the value of its biometric features. The identification of equations according to the above−mentioned indications was carried out many times with very high compliance in the conditions of even−aged low−energy stands. The occurrence of long−term SWS cycles raises a number of questions regarding the forest ecosystem functioning, description of forest sites, silvicultural systems applied as well as the ability to control the water balance in forest ecosystems. The hydrological conditions in the forest ecosystem are shaped mostly upon selecting silvicultural system to be implemented. It results in specific changes in biometric features in the subsequent stand development stages modulating the components of the A−D−G balance and, as a consequence, soil water relations. The impact of ongoing stand tending is limited. However, forest drainage, tree felling uncovering soil surface and sudden changes in the forest structure triggered by abiotic and biotic factors, may produce significant effects.
Źródło:: Sylwan; 2019, 163, 03; 216-227
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:: Sylwan
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Evapotranspiration of Technical Substrates – Methodology for Calculating Evapotranspiration of Technical Substrates
Autorzy:: Weiss, Oliver
Scharf, Bernhard
Pitha, Ulrike
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124250.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:: water balance
evaporation
transpiration
equation
formula
Opis:: The existing formulae, like the well-known Penman-Monteith equation, used for calculating evapotranspiration are characterized by great differences concerning their results. These differences stem from the diversified climatic conditions and vegetation specifics during their development. Every formula of evapotranspiration only delivers 100% correct results, if it is used under the same climatic condition it was developed in. Therefore, a new method for calculating evapotranspiration via specific, but comparatively easily established formula was presented. After a theoretical introduction for illustrating some fundamental aspects for this work, the test setup and approach for creating these formulae are described in detail. The test set up considers typical climatic conditions and simulates, for example, the average temperature of Vienna, a summer day and an extremely hot day. While using a polynomial correlation, a formula for calculating evapotranspiration at any temperature is possible. For determining the evapotranspiration rate (in mm/m₂ per 24 hours day) due to the presented formula, only temperature, sort of vegetation and technical soil has to be defined. As a result, the relevance of this work is the presentation of a method to determine the evapotranspiration of any technical substrates (used for e.g. green roofs, façade greenery, indoor greenery, raingardens…) with or without any kind of vegetation, while using the created formula.
Źródło:: Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 9; 28-37
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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