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    Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14
    Tytuł:
    An experimental study of removing impurity from a quartz ore by microbial flotation-acid leaching
    Autorzy:
    Zhu, Jujian
    Dai, Shujuan
    Li, Pengcheng
    Yang, Shuyong
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1448443.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    quartz purification
    flotation
    acid leaching
    waste bacteria
    Opis:
    The purity of a quartz ore is relatively low at a $SiO_2$ content of 97.18%, and the main impurity in the ore is $Fe$, $Al$, and $Ca$ bearing minerals. The main component in an industrial waste bacteria (WJ) is polysaccharides, which may be used as depressors for inhibiting iron minerals in quartz flotation. Moreover, WJ belongs to microbial inhibitors because it is mainly composed of bacteria. As a result of this study, a concentrate grade of 99.88% at recovery over 80% was obtained under the condition of 2000 g/Mg WJ dosage, a grinding fineness of 70% -0.074 mm, pH 11.7, 400 g/Mg $CaCl_2$, and 800 g/Mg $NaOL$ in the flotation experiments for the quartz ore. Moreover, a $SiO_2$ grade of 99.97% at a recovery of 68.85% was obtained at an acid dosage of 40 kg/Mg by using mixed acid of $H_2SO_4$, $HCl$, $HNO_3$, and $HF$ in mass ratios of 20%, 30%, 20%, and 30%, respectively, in subsequent acid leaching of the quartz flotation concentrate. Zeta potential analysis before and after the interaction of quartz and hematite with WJ showed that WJ increased the zeta potential of hematite significantly but had little impact on the zeta potential of quartz, indicating stronger adsorption of WJ on hematite than on quartz. FTIR analysis showed that there exist not only –$COOH$, –$CH_2$–, and –$CH_3$, which are the functional groups of starch but also $NH_2$ and –$C=O-NH$– in WJ. The $NH_2$ and –$C=O-NH$– in WJ are the important groups for adsorption, so the depressing effect on hematite was better for WJ than starch.
    Źródło:
    Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2021, 57, 1; 18-28
    1643-1049
    2084-4735
    Pojawia się w:
    Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Uranium post-mining wastes as a potential reserve source of uranium for nuclear energy plants
    Autorzy:
    Rewerski, B.
    Mielnicki, S.
    Bartosiewicz, I.
    Polkowska-Motrenko, H.
    Sklodowska, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/109385.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    uranium
    bacteria
    bioleaching
    solid waste
    Opis:
    Biotechnology is an effective and environmental friendly method of waste utilization and poor refractory ores exploitation, well known since 1949 and successfully developed in many countries: Spain, Bulgaria, USA, and Sweden. Biotechnology opens the possibility to obtain uranium as by-product in rare element recovery process (eg. Co, Au, Re, Rh, Pt) and positively affects the economic efficiency of tech-nology. The research program of biological exploitation of waste and poor ores in Poland is presented. Microbial consortia able to oxidize iron under neutral and acidic conditions (Fe concentration in ore is 1.8–3.4%) are isolated and developed during project realization.
    Źródło:
    Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; 2013, 49, 1; 5-11
    1643-1049
    2084-4735
    Pojawia się w:
    Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Closing the Loop: Key Role of Iron in Metal-Bearing Waste Recycling
    Autorzy:
    Sedlakova-Kadukova, J.
    Marcincakova, R.
    Mrazikova, A.
    Willner, J.
    Fornalczyk, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351340.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    bioleaching
    e-waste
    acidophilic bacteria
    iron
    Opis:
    The role of iron in metal-bearing waste bioleaching was studied. Four various types of waste (printed circuit boards (PCBs), Ni-Cd batteries, alkaline batteries and Li-ion batteries) were treated by bioleaching using the acidophilic bacteria A. ferrooxidans and A. thiooxidans (separately or in mixture). Role of main leaching agents (Fe3+ ions or sulphuric acid) was simulated in abiotic experiments. Results showed that oxidation abilities of Fe3+ ions were crucial for recovery of Cu and Zn from PCBs, with the efficiencies of 88% and 100%, respectively. To recover 68% of Ni from PCBs, and 55% and 100% of Ni and Cd, respectively, from Ni-Cd batteries both oxidation action and hydrolysis of Fe3+ were required. The importance of Fe2+ ions as a reducing agent was showed in bioleaching of Co from Li-ion batteries and Mn from alkaline batteries. The efficiency of the processes has increased by 70% and 40% in Co and Mn bioleaching, respectively, in the presence of Fe2+ ions. Based on the results we suggest the integrated biometallurgical model of metal-bearing waste recycling in the effort to develop zero-waste and less energy-dependent technologies.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 3; 1459-1466
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of municipal solid waste on bacteria population in soil
    Autorzy:
    Okpoitari, S.P.
    Binaebi, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/10871.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    municipal solid waste
    bacteria population
    soil
    variance analysis
    heterotrophic bacteria
    Nitrobacter
    Opis:
    The effect of municipal solid waste on bacteria (Heterotrophic bacteria & Nitrobacteria) population was determine by collecting 50g sample’s of various dumpsites, put in 2 kg buckets soil and kept in the green house to mimic the natural environment for six (6) weeks. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference (L.S.D) were effected on the data at 5 % probability level. The analysis shows significant effect, this seem to suggest that municipal solid waste influences Heterotrophic bacteria and Nitrobacter population in soils.
    Źródło:
    International Letters of Natural Sciences; 2013, 01
    2300-9675
    Pojawia się w:
    International Letters of Natural Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of the intensive aerobic biostabilization phase on selected microbiological and physicochemical parameters of wastes
    Autorzy:
    Wolny-Koładka, K.
    Malinowski, M.
    Sikora, A.
    Szymonik, K.
    Pelczar, G.
    Wawrzyniak-Turek, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101466.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
    Tematy:
    waste
    bacteria
    fungi
    mechanical treatment
    biological treatment
    biodegradable waste
    biostabilization process
    Opis:
    One of the most frequently applied methods of mixed municipal solid waste biological treatment in mechanical-biological treatment installations (MBT) is their disposal in aerobic biostabilization process. The process comprises an intensive phase and maturation phase. The intensive phase relies on waste heating in result of organic matter breakdown conducted by microorganisms settling the wastes. Microorganisms living in wastes have optimal conditions for development, i.e. a considerable space volume, optimal material fragmentation and organic matter availability. The aim of the aerobic biostabilization process is stabilizing and hygienization of wastes, so that they become a valuable raw material for other recovery processes (e.g. RDF production, Refuse-Derived Fuel) or their disposal is safe for the environment and do not pose any epidemiological hazard for people employed in waste treatment plants. Analyses presented in the paper aimed to determine the number and species composition of vegetative and endospore bacteria, mold fungi, actinomycetes and pathogenic microorganisms, i.e. Staphylococcus spp., E. coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., E. faecalis, C. perfringens, settling municipal wastes prior to and after aerobic stabilization process. The aerobic stabilization process (intensive phase) was conducted in a laboratory BKB 100 bioreactor using the wastes, characterized by low share of biodegradable wastes (<40%), obtained from MBT installation during the period from December 2015 to February 2016. The temperature, loss on ignition, waste density, ash content, moisture and pH were monitored during the analyses. The research was conducted on the undersize and oversize fraction separated from mixed municipal wastes on MBT installation. The maximal temperature reached in the bioreactor, between c.a. 40 and 55°C, persisting for many hours is insufficient for efficient elimination of the determined microorganism groups. Paradoxically, the conditions created in the bioreactor proved convenient for the microorganisms, therefore an increase in their number was observed. Only in one case, when the share of biodegradable wastes exceed the value of 45 % it was observed, that the aerobic stabilization process of these wastes was going correctly and caused among others a decrease in loss on ignition.
    Źródło:
    Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2016, IV/1; 1099-1115
    1732-5587
    Pojawia się w:
    Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Vermicomposting with microbial amendment: implications for bioremediation of industrial and agricultural waste
    Autorzy:
    Vyas, Pratibha
    Sharma, Sandeep
    Gupta, Jeena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16648101.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    vermicompost
    agricultural and industrial waste
    fungal amendment
    phosphate-solubilizing bacteria
    nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    organic manure
    Opis:
    Improved agricultural practices and rapid industrialization have led to huge waste generation, and the management of this waste is becoming a global concern. The process of vermicomposting has emerged as a method of choice for converting waste into useful manure, with evidence of increase in crop productivity. During vermicomposting, the collective activities of decomposing microorganisms and earthworms lead to the humification of organic/inorganic waste, thereby generating the final product called vermicompost. Different types of industrial wastes such as waste from paper industries, tanneries, sugar mills, and pulp and textile industries have been effectively converted to vermicompost and successfully used to improve plant growth. The vermicompost thus formed was also demonstrated to increase the production of pharmaceutically important plant secondary metabolites such as withanolides and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Microbial amendment with different bacterial and fungal strains during vermicomposting further proves to be beneficial by increasing nitrogen content, decomposing organic waste, providing aeration, and stabilizing the vermicompost. These microorganisms after passing through the earthworm’s intestine increase in numbers in the vermicast, thus becoming enriched in vermicompost, which is particularly important for their use as biofertilizers. The precise role of different microbial pretreatments in improving the quality of vermicompost generated from industrial and agricultural waste is, however, not completely understood. To fill this gap in knowledge, the present article aims to review published literature to highlight the potential of microbial amendment during vermicomposting for bioremediation of industrial and agricultural waste. Microbial pre-composting followed by vermicomposting emerges as an ecofriendly and economical approach for managing agricultural and industrial waste.
    Źródło:
    BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology; 2022, 103, 2; 203-215
    0860-7796
    Pojawia się w:
    BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Measurements of bioaerosols in the air around the facilities of waste collection and disposal
    Autorzy:
    Roodbari, A.
    Naddafi, K.
    Javid, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/207127.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    utylizacja odpadów
    aerozole
    stężenie mikroorganizmów
    bioaerozol
    bakterie
    zbieranie odpadów
    gospodarka odpadami
    zanieczyszczenie powietrza
    waste disposal
    aerosols
    bacteria
    microbial concentrations
    bioaerosol
    total bacteria
    waste collection
    waste management systems
    air contamination
    Opis:
    Exposure to bioaerosols at various stages of waste management system (collection, transfer and disposal) has been evaluated by recording of the bacterial and fungal concentrations in the air around these facilities. Regardless of the season, the total bacteria and total fungi were detected for all sampies, whereas the fungal genera were not. The bioaerosol concentrations measured in the waste collection bins were significantly higher than those of the transfer station and landfill site. The mean microbial concentrations at wastes container bins and in-operation trench exceeded the Iran outdoor bioaerosol guidelines (850 CFU/m3), thus suggesting the need for remedial action regarding microorganisms, in order to reduce the exposure at the wastes management system.
    Źródło:
    Environment Protection Engineering; 2013, 39, 4; 105-112
    0324-8828
    Pojawia się w:
    Environment Protection Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Chemical and biological analysis of chromium waste
    Chemiczna i biologiczna analiza błota pochromowego
    Autorzy:
    Hołda, A.
    Kisielowska, E.
    Niedoba, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/349703.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
    Tematy:
    Cr(VI)
    błoto pochromowe
    mikroorganizmy
    bakterie
    grzyby mikroskopowe
    chromium waste
    microorganisms
    bacteria
    fungi
    Opis:
    The paper presents chemical and microbiological analysis (were from qualitative and quantitative point of view) of the collected samples of wastes. The procedure of chemical analysis is based on a quantitative extraction of Cr(VI) from the solid samples and its determination in the extract by the method of flow coulometry by means of apparatus EcaFlow 150GLP, applying calibration by method of model curve. The determination of chromium by flow coulometry is based on utilization of inner electrode coulometric titration. Microbiological analysis shows that the concentration of chromium(VI) above 2000 mg/l is toxic for psychro- and mesophilous bacteria, stopping the growth of their colonies, but fungi from sort Rhizopus sp. and Penicillium sp. are tolerant for high concentrations of chromium(VI).
    Artykuł przedstawia analizę chemiczną i biologiczną (jakościową i ilościową) pobranych próbek odpadów. Procedura analizy chemicznej oparta była na ilościowej ekstrakcji Cr(VI) z próbek błota pochromowego i jego oznaczeniu w przesączu metodą kulometrii przepływowej przy użyciu aparatu EcaFlow 150GLP, wykorzystując kalibrację metodą krzywej wzorcowej. Oznaczanie chromu metodą kulometrii przepływowej opiera się na wykorzystaniu wewnątrzelektrodowego miareczkowania kulometrycznego. Analiza mikrobiologiczna pokazała, że stężenie chromu(VI) powyżej 2000 mg/l jest toksyczne dla bakterii psychro- i mezofilnych, hamując wzrost ich kolonii, podczas gdy grzyby z rodzaju Rhizopus sp. i Penicillium sp., odznaczają się tolerancją na wysokie stężenia chromu(VI).
    Źródło:
    Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria; 2009, 33, 4; 113-118
    1732-6702
    Pojawia się w:
    Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evaluating the Ecological Resilient Driven Performance of a Tropical Waste Stabilization Pond System Using Ecological Signature of Biological Integrity
    Autorzy:
    Ganguly, S. L.
    Paria, D. S.
    Jana, B. B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123211.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    ecological signature
    biological integrity
    nutrient cycling bacteria
    micro-algae
    ecological resilience
    waste-stabilization-pond
    Opis:
    Using ecological signature of biological integrity as a measure of performance, the reclamation efficiency of waste stabilization ponds was evaluated over a period of four years in a tropical sewage treatment plant – cum fish culture consisting of two anaerobic, two facultative and four maturation ponds located serially across the sewage effluent gradient. The four maturation ponds were used for batch culture of fish. Samples of surface and bottom water as well as surface sediment were collected twice a month from different ponds of the system and examined for some nutrient cycling bacteria, primary production, chlorophyll content of micro-algae, phytoplankton, zooplankton abundance, fish growth and water quality parameters. Computation of ecological signature using aerobic mineralization index for heterotrophic and ammonifying bacteria revealed steady increase across the sewage effluent gradient. The heterotrophic and ammonifying bacterial populations appeared to have a direct function with the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand of water. The sum of total scores for different optimal conditions for fish growth increased as a function of the distance from the source of effluent implying that ecological resilience of the waste stabilization ponds has been accomplished by the sedimentation, chelation, and biological functional attributes mediated through redundancy of different subsystems, self- purification capacity of the system as a whole.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2015, 16, 3; 97-107
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Aerozole pochodzenia bakteryjnego w pomieszczeniach roboczych zakładu gospodarki odpadami
    Aerosols of Bacterial Origin in Working Rooms of Waste Management Facility
    Autorzy:
    Cyprowski, M.
    Stobnicka, A.
    Górny, R.
    Gołofit-Szymczak, M.
    Ławniczek-Wałczyk, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818046.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    zakład gospodarki odpadami
    bakterie
    peptydoglikany
    endotoksyny
    rozkłady ziarnowe
    waste management facility
    airborne bacteria
    peptidoglycans
    endotoxins
    size distribution
    Opis:
    The aim of the research was to identify aerosols of bacterial origin, including aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, peptidoglycans and endotoxins in working rooms of waste management facility, which included sorting and composting of municipal waste. Four sampling points were located in the plant: in the pre-sorting cab, in sorting hall at conveyor belts, in the composting bunkers hall, as well as in the front of entrance gate, as a sample of external background. Air samples for the presence of bacteria were collected using a 6-stage Andersen impactor, wherein two types of microbial media were loaded: TSA agar with defibrinated sheep blood for aerobic bacteria and Schaedler's agar for anaerobic bacteria. Air samples for the presence of endotoxins and peptidoglycans were carried out using 8-stage cascade impactor, wherein the glass fiber filters were provided. Biochemical API tests were used for a detailed identification of bacteria. Determination of peptidoglycans was carried out using the SLP test (Silkworm Larvae Plasma) and endotoxin - LAL assay (Limulus Amebocyte Lysate). The results of the quantitative analysis of bioaerosols at the three tested working rooms showed the following geometric mean (GM) concentrations: aerobic bacteria – 4348 cfu/m3 (geometric standard deviation, GSD = 1.14); anaerobic bacteria – 19914 cfu/m3 (GSD = 3.65); endotoxins – 173.6 ng/m3. (GSD = 2.39); peptidoglycans – 1446.6 ng/m3 (GSD = 1.21). Comparative analysis revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) between the concentrations of aerobic bacteria in the working rooms and the external background – 551 cfu/m3. Anaerobic bacteria were the dominant group and accounted for 82% of all identified microorganisms. A total of 22 species of bacteria, belonging to 13 genera was identified in waste management facility. The greatest taxonomic diversity was observed in the sorting area (21 species), composting – 15, while in the background samples – 13 species. Among the identified species, six (Actinomyces israelii, A. meyeri, A. naeslundii, Clostridium perfrin-gens, Proteus vulgaris, and Streptomyces spp. can be treated as potentially harmful to waste workers, as they were classified into the second risk group by the ordinance of Minister of Health from 2005. Analysis of size distributions of bacteria showed that they occurred mostly in the form of single cells with an aerodynamic diameter in the range of 1.1-2.1 µm, and in the range of 4.7-7.0 µm, where the process of aggregation of bacterial cells with organic dust particles takes place. In the case of endotoxins and peptidoglycans we found a gradual increase in the concentrations of particles with aerodynamic diameters in the range of 3.3-11.0 µm. On the basis of the study it can be stated that the working rooms in waste management facility were heavily contaminated with aerosols of bacterial origin. Examination provided the pioneer results for anaerobic bacteria, which were the dominant group. Bacteria that can pose a health risk to exposed workers were also found in the air. The analysis of particle size distribution suggests that the bioaerosols observed in these rooms can accumulate in the middle and upper respiratory tract of employees, causing irritation of the nose and throat.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2016, Tom 18, cz. 2; 294-308
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Detection of airborne microbes in a composting facility by cultivation based and cultivation-independent methods
    Autorzy:
    Albrecht, A
    Witzenberger, R.
    Bernzen, U.
    Jackel, U.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/50677.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Wsi
    Tematy:
    composting process
    airborne microbe
    humification
    cultivation-independent method
    degradation
    organic material
    bacteria
    fungi
    counting efficiency
    waste management
    detection
    compost
    Opis:
    Standard methods for quantifi cation of airborne bacteria are based on cultivation and counting of grown colonies. From complex natural environments it is known that only a small fraction of the total number of cells can be cultivated on routinely used agar-media. Direct microscopic cell counting after DNA-staining usually generates higher concentrations of one to two magnitudes. The objective of the presented study was to compare the concentrations of airborne bacteria sampled in a composting facility by using for any sample the cultivation on trytic soy agar (TSA) – agar, as well as direct counting after DAPI-staining. The concentrations after counting grown colonies were within a range of 105-107 cfu m-3. Concentrations of direct counted cells ranged between 106-109 microbes m-3. In these comparative measurements only 1.5-15.3% of the airborne bacterial cells enumerated by direct counting formed countable colonies after incubation on TSA-agar. Obviously, cultivation based methods underestimate the real amount of airborne microbes. In addition, from literature it is known that inactive or even dead cells can also have the potential to cause health effects. Consequently, a risk assessment based only on measuring colony forming units may, in some cases, not be sufficient.
    Źródło:
    Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2007, 14, 1
    1232-1966
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Bioaerosols of the Municipal Waste Landfill Site as a Source of Microbiological Air Pollution and Health Hazard
    Bioaerozole składowiska odpadów komunalnych jako źródło mikrobiologicznego zanieczyszczenia powietrza i zagrożenia zdrowotnego
    Autorzy:
    Breza-Boruta, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/389120.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    aerozol bakteryjny
    aerozol grzybowy
    promieniowce
    bioaerozol
    składowisko odpadów komunalnych
    airborne bacteria
    airborne fungi
    Actinomycetes
    bioaerosol
    municipal waste landfill site
    Opis:
    The aim of this study was to determine the composition of bacterial and fungal aerosol on the premises of the Municipal Waste Disposal Complex at Zolwin-Wypaleniska near Bydgoszcz and to evaluate the degree of microbiological air pollution at the appointed stands. Microbial concentration in the air was determined at the waste sorting station and in the active sector of the landfill site as well as in the point situated 200 m beyond the facility. It was found that the total number of bacteria in the air ranged from 102 to 104 cfu ź m–3 and many times strong air pollution occurred on the premises of that facility. High concentration level of actinomycetes and indicator bacteria Pseudomonas flourescens contributed also to strong or moderate air pollution at research stands 1 and 2. Potentially pathogenic bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae (such as bacilli of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli) as well as faecal streptococci occurred in the largest amounts also at stands 1 and 2, and their number reached up to 103 cfu ź m–3. The obtained values show that both the sorting station the active sector of the waste landfill are serious emission sources of dangerous bacterial aerosol. They can pose a health hazard to the workers staying at those workstands. The determined amounts of fungal aerosol prove that it did not pose a microbiological hazard, and the studied air was described as moderately clean throughout the research period, only in the area of the sorting station it was polluted at several times. Among the isolated fungi, species of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium predominated, as well as Sclerotinia sclerotorum. However, also potentially pathogenic species were detected in the studied air, such as: Aspergillus fumigatus, Cladosporium herbarium, Alternaria alternata etc. Their presence may affect the health of people (workers of the facility and residents of neighbouring areas) and the risk of the environmental pollution, since those species are well-known for their production of mycotoxins and inducing allergic reactions. Based on the registered concentrations of bacteria and fungi at the point 200 m away from the facility, it should be assumed that the studied air was not polluted and bioaerosol transmission from the sources of emission to the surrounding areas did not occur.
    Celem pracy było oznaczenie składu bioaerozolu bakteryjnego i grzybowego na terenie Zakładu Unieszkodliwiania Odpadów Komunalnych w Żółwinie-Wypaleniska koło Bydgoszczy oraz ocena stopnia mikrobiologicznego zanieczyszczenia powietrza na wyznaczonych stanowiskach. Koncentrację mikroorganizmów w powietrzu określano na terenie sortowni odpadów i w sektorze czynnym składowiska oraz w punkcie położonym 200 m poza obiektem. Stwierdzono, że liczba bakterii ogółem w powietrzu kształtowała się od 102 do 104 jtk ź m-3 i doszło wielokrotnie do silnego zanieczyszczenia powietrza na terenie zakładu. Wysoki poziom koncentracji promieniowców i bakterii wskaźnikowych Pseudomonas fluorescens przyczynił się także do silnego lub średniego zanieczyszczenie powietrza na 1 i 2 stanowisku badawczym. Potencjalnie chorobotwórcze bakterie z rodziny Enterobacteriaceae (m.in. pałeczki Salmonella sp. i Escherichia coli) oraz paciorkowce kałowe w największych ilościach występowały również na stanowisku 1 i 2, a ich liczba dochodziła do 103 jtk ź m-3. Uzyskane wartości wskazują, że zarówno sortownia, jak i sektor czynny składowiska odpadów były poważnymi emitorami niebezpiecznego aerozolu bakteryjnego, zatem stanowić mogą zagrożenie zdrowotne dla pracowników przebywających na tych stanowiskach pracy. Oznaczona ilości aerozolu grzybowego świadczy, że nie stanowił on zagrożenia mikrobiologicznego, a badane powietrze określono jako przeciętnie czyste w całym okresie badawczym. Jedynie na terenie sortowni w kilku terminach doszło do jego skażenia. Wśród wyizolowanych grzybów dominowały gatunki z rodzaju Aspergillus i Penicillium oraz Sclerotinia sclerotorum. Jednakże wykryto w badanym powietrzu również gatunki potencjalnie chorobotwórcze, takie jak: Aspergillus fumigatus Cladosporium herbarium, Alternaria alternata i in. Ich obecność może wpływać na zdrowie ludzi (pracowników zakładu i mieszkańców przyległych terenów) oraz ryzyko skażenia środowiska, bowiem gatunki te znane są z produkcji mykotoksyn oraz wywoływania reakcji alergicznych. Na podstawie zarejestrowanego stężenia bakterii i grzybów w punkcie oddalonym 200 m od zakładu, należy przyjąć, że badane powietrze było niezanieczyszczone i nie doszło do przenoszenia bioaerozolu ze źródeł emisji na okoliczne tereny.
    Źródło:
    Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A; 2012, 19, 8; 851-862
    1898-6188
    2084-4530
    Pojawia się w:
    Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Szkodliwe czynniki biologiczne w zakładach termicznego unieszkodliwiania odpadów komunalnych
    Harmful biological agents in municipal waste thermal treatment plants
    Autorzy:
    Cyprowski, Marcin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2162594.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-02-28
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    narażenie zawodowe
    odpady komunalne
    spalarnie odpadów
    pył organiczny
    bakterie przenoszone drogą powietrzną
    grzyby przenoszone drogą powietrzną
    occupational exposure
    municipal waste
    waste incinerations
    organic dust
    airborne bacteria
    airborne fungi
    Opis:
    Składowanie odpadów komunalnych w specjalnie wyznaczonych do tego miejscach przez wiele lat stanowiło podstawową metodę ich zagospodarowania – obecnie preferowana jest utylizacja termiczna. Ocena warunków pracy w spalarniach odpadów komunalnych jest utrudniona z powodu zmienności i złożoności zanieczyszczeń emitowanych w wyniku spalania. Autorzy prac opisujących ten problem przez wiele lat koncentrowali się przede wszystkim na zanieczyszczeniach chemicznych wewnątrz badanych zakładów oraz zanieczyszczeniach emitowanych do powietrza atmosferycznego. Oszacowano, że stężenie pyłu organicznego na stanowiskach pracy wynosiło 0,1–14 mg/m3. Udowodniono, że pył ten jest nośnikiem wielu różnych drobnoustrojów, w tym bakterii, grzybów oraz promieniowców mezofilnych i termofilnych, a także adenowirusów i wirusa torque teno. W strefie oddychania pracowników na stanowiskach pracy stwierdzono także obecność endotoksyn bakteryjnych w stężeniu nawet 50 000 EU/m3, które mogą istotnie wpływać na występowanie reakcji prozapalnych w płucach oraz toksycznego zapalenia płuc. Czynniki biologiczne powinny być uwzględniane w ocenie ryzyka zawodowego jako czynniki szkodliwe występujące w tym środowisku, a szczegółowe scharakteryzowanie narażenia oraz skutków zdrowotnych wynikających z kontaktu z nimi powinno być kontynuowane w jeszcze szerszym niż dotychczas zakresie. Med. Pr. 2019;70(1):99–105
    Solid waste storage in specially designated areas – landfills – has been the basic method of municipal solid waste disposal management for many years. However, thermal treatment is the currently preferred method of solid waste disposal. Hygienic assessment of working conditions in municipal waste incineration plants is hindered due to the variability and complexity of pollutants emitted during the combustion process. For many years studies describing this problem have focused mainly on chemical pollution inside the plants as well as emitted into the atmosphere. Available data indicates the presence of organic dust at workplaces in the range 0.1–14 mg/m3. It has been proven that it is a carrier of a wide spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and both mesophilic and thermophilic actinomycetes as well as adenoviruses and torque teno virus (TTV). In the air, at workplaces, bacterial endotoxins have also been found in concentrations reaching even 50 000 EU/m3, which may significantly affect the occurrence of pro-inflammatory reactions in the lungs as well as toxic pneumonitis. Biological agents should be taken into account in the occupational risk assessment for harmful agents present in this environment, and an in-depth characterization of exposure and health effects resulting from contact with these agents should be continued to an even greater extent than before. Med Pr. 2019;70(1):99–105
    Źródło:
    Medycyna Pracy; 2019, 70, 1; 99-105
    0465-5893
    2353-1339
    Pojawia się w:
    Medycyna Pracy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The influence of temperature fluctuation on the stability of partial nitritation applied for reject water treatment
    Autorzy:
    Radechovska, H.
    Svehla, P.
    Radechovsky, J.
    Pacek, L.
    Balik, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/207642.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    anammox
    nitrifying reactor
    ścieki
    beztlenowe utlenianie amonu
    sekwencyjny reaktor okresowy
    reactor nitryfikacyjny
    anaerobic ammonium oxidation
    sequencing batch reactor
    free nitrous acid
    rich waste water
    oxidizing bacteria
    nitrification
    Opis:
    The influence of sudden and gradual temperature fluctuations on the stability of partial nitritation applied for the treatment of reject water containing ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) in the range of 1000 –1400 mg/dm3 was investigated. It was found that a sudden decrease in temperature from 24.3 °C to 14.3 °C and 15.8 °C significantly affected the stability of the process. No negative effect was recorded after a sudden temperature decrease from 24.3 to 17.4 °C. It was also found that during a gradual temperature decrease from 24.3 °C, process stability was negatively affected at 12.7 °C.
    Źródło:
    Environment Protection Engineering; 2017, 43, 1; 87-99
    0324-8828
    Pojawia się w:
    Environment Protection Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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