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Tytuł:
Zbrodnie wojenne, represalia i zakładnicy w wojnie secesyjnej (1861–1865)
Autorzy:
Niewiński, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621813.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
American Civil War, war crimes
Opis:
The Civil War started on Friday, 12 April 1861 with an attack of the Confederate artillery on federal Fort Sumter (Charleston, South Carolina). The conflict ended on 9 April 1865 as a result of the surrender of the main army of the South under General Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House. It was a total war. Almost 4 million men were mobilised on both sides of the conflict. In the four years of warfare almost 620,000 human lives were lost (more than in all other wars conducted by the US put together). During the Civil War, prisoners of war were imprisoned in at least 223 camps. The majority of them were temporary. On the other hand, more than 90% of prisoners of war were detained in the twenty biggest camps and the highest numbers of deaths were recorded there. In this article I present cases of: war crimes committed on prisoners of war (the Fort Pillow Massacre, Kinston Massacre, etc.) and reprisals against them (Privateers Case, Kilpatrick- -Dahlgren Raid) and taking hostages (Corbin-McGraw Case, Immortal Six Hundred).
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2011, 10; 71-97
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
State Immunity and War Crimes: the Polish Supreme Court on the Natoniewski Case
Autorzy:
Kaldunski, Michal
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706713.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
STATE IMMUNITY
WAR CRIMES
Opis:
The article critically assesses the decision of the Polish Supreme Court in Natoniewski v. Federal Republic of Germany. It argues that the decision as such reflects contemporary international law practice. Consequently, the holding of the Supreme Court that State immunity is applicable to acts de iure imperii committed on the territory of the forum State during an armed conflict even though they may amount to war crimes seems to be correct. This conclusion also means that the Court refused to engage in law-making activity by declining to endorse interpretation, which would permit to reject State immunity by attaching superior importance to human rights. Although the article recognizes that the reasoning of the Supreme Court as well as the choice of arguments is well-balanced and convincing, it also identifies certain instances in which the Court is not entirely persuasive. In the opinion of the author, one of the most important drawbacks in the reasoning relates to the characterization of State immunity as a procedural, rather than substantive, issue.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2010, 30; 236-262
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Criminal Liability for Crimes Against Humanity as a Problem of International Law
Autorzy:
Diallo, Boubacar Sidi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/962419.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
international law
crimes
humanity
liability
genocide
war crimes
Opis:
The article sets out the nature, the history and the general structure of the crime against humanity and provides a comprehensive analytical commentary of the elements of such crimes as a problem of international law. The contextual element determines that crimes against humanity involve either large-scale violence in relation to the number of victims or its extension over a broad geographic area (widespread), or a methodical type of violence (systematic). This excludes random, accidental or isolated acts of violence. In addition, Article 7(2) (a) of the Rome Statute determines that crimes against humanity must be committed in furtherance of a State or organizational policy to commit an attack. The plan or policy does not need to be explicitly stipulated or formally adopted and can, therefore, be inferred from the totality of the circumstances. In contrast with genocide, crimes against humanity do not need to target a specific group. Instead, the victim of the attack can be any civilian population, regardless of its affiliation or identity.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2019, 9; 77-83
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EWOLUCJA DEFINICJI GWAŁTU W ORZECZNICTWIE MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH TRYBUNAŁÓW KARNYCH AD HOC
THE EVOLUTION OF THE DEFINITION OF RAPE IN THE JURISPRUDENCE OF THE AD HOC INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL
Autorzy:
Szpak, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/512895.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
rape,
ICTY,
ICTR,
war crimes,
crimes against humanity
Opis:
The aim of the Article is to present the evolution of the definition of rape in the judgments of the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. The author points to the mutual interaction between the judgments of both Tribunals and to them using each others output. Before those Tribunals were convened and started to function, there were almost no precedents with regard to rape. In the judgments of ICTY and ICTR it has been confirmed that the crime of rape may be a war crime, a crime against humanity or genocide when certain conditions are met. The hypothesis of this Article is that the title Tribunals – as a result of their legal interpretation – adopted a definition of rape that better protects the victims. The formal-legal research method is used focusing mainly on the analysis of legal documents and judgments.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2018, 16, 4; 115-129 (15)
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Life Course of Collective Memories: Persistency and Change in West Germany between 1950 and 1970
Autorzy:
Karstedt, Suzanne
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929535.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-03-30
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
collective memory
collective amnesia
post-war Germany
transitional justice
war crimes
crimes against humanity
Opis:
This paper uses (West) Germany as an exemplary case to analyse the formation of collective memories over a period of more than two decades after 1945. It traces the formation of collective memories in the German public through a decade of collective amnesia, followed by a period of regaining collective memories. It argues that the formation of collective memories is embedded in social and normative change, and identifies three causal factors that were responsible for the oscillation between amnesia and memory: the absence of victims in the imminent post-war period, that promoted the ‘myth of innocence’ (Fulbrook 1999); a series of major trials that started in the 1960s; and young elites who acknowledged moral and legal guilt and supported the trials, reconciliation and compensation. Data from public opinion polls covering the period from 1950–1970 are presented.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2009, 165, 1; 27-38
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Calling a Spade a Spade: How to Unwrap a Genocidal Essence from the Kremlin Anti-Ukrainian Rhetoric
Autorzy:
Riabchuk, Mykola
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197113.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
Tematy:
Russian war in Ukraine
war crimes
genocide
international law
discourse analysis
Opis:
The sheer number and scale of the war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by the Russian military in Ukraine since the beginning of their all-out invasion, has prompted many experts and politicians to define this brutality as a genocide and seek for the prosecution of perpetrators under international law. The lawyers are cautious in this regard, however, maintaining that crucial element of the criminal case – the clear-cut proof of a genocidal intent on the side of the Russian leadership – might be missing or largely unprovable in the court. This article provides an overview of the ongoing debate on the alleged Russian genocide in Ukraine and argues that the Kremlin’s genocidal intent can be proved if the anti-Ukrainian rhetoric of Russian officials, pundits, and propagandists is systemically scrutinized, deconstructed, and contextualized.
Źródło:
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture; 2022, 6, 4; 8-20
2544-302X
Pojawia się w:
Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Act of 18 December 1998 on the Institute of National Remembrance – Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation as a Ground for Prosecution of Crimes against Humanity, War Crimes and Crimes against Peace
Autorzy:
Wierczyńska, Karolina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706772.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
crimes against humanity
crimes against peace
genocide
ICC
ICTR
Institute of National Remembrance
war crimes
Opis:
This article discusses definitions of crimes included into the Act of 18 December 1998 on the Institute of National Remembrance – Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation, and their usefulness in prosecuting individuals who committed international crimes. It is argued that the provisions of the Act cannot constitute a ground for criminal responsibility of individuals, as they violate the principle of nullum crimen sine lege certa.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2017, 37; 275-286
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„The dead are sleeping here” - the history, archaeology and ethnography of Chojnice’s Death Valley
„Tutaj zmarli śpią” - historia, archeologia i etnografia chojnickiej Doliny Śmierci
Autorzy:
Kobiałka, Dawid
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27313845.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
war crimes
World War II
mass graves
Death Valley
Chojnice
archaeology
history
Opis:
Death Valley in Chojnice, Poland, is a mass murder site from World War II where Germans and various officials of the Third Reich organised and carried out mass executions of Poles. The site and the events that took place there have been the subject of scholarly research and war crimes prosecutions since 2020. This paper intends to outline three aspects of them: 1) how playing in Death Valley as a child determined the later scholarly interest in the site, 2) how reading of a book Chojnice 1939–1945, about World War II and the crimes committed in the region, drew attention to undiscovered aspects of the site, 3) the last parts present the course and preliminary results of three seasons of scientific research and prosecution of war crimes committed on the northern outskirts of the town.
Źródło:
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia; 2023, 28; 76-101
0239-8524
2450-5846
Pojawia się w:
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza polityczna i prawna zbrodni nacjanalistów ukraińskich w województwie rzeszowskim w latach 1944-1947
Political and Legal Analysis of Crimes Committed by Ukrainian Nationalists in Rzeszow Province in the years 1944-1947
Autorzy:
Kuźniar, Bogusław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/540399.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geopolityczne
Tematy:
nacjonalizm ukraiński
zbrodnie
województwo rzeszowskie
Ukrainian nationalism
war crimes
Rzeszow Province
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest wykazanie ideologicznych przyczyn zbrodni nacjonalistów ukraińskich w województwie rzeszowskim w latach 1944 – 1947 (a częściowo również w okresie wcześniejszym), dokonanie oceny prawnej dowodów tychże zbrodni oraz, w oparciu o zebrany materiał, udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie: czy OUN i UPA zasługują na miano organizacji narodowowyzwoleńczych narodu ukraińskiego?
The Ukrainian nationalists committed many crimes in Poland before WW II, e.g. they murdered the Polish Minister of Interior Bronisław Pieracki. The work by Dmytro Doncow “Nacjonalizm” (published in 1926) and the work by Stepan Łenkawśkyj “The Decalogue of a Ukrainian nationalist” were very popular with them. Both of them promoted fascist ideology of the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists [OUN] (est. 1929). OUN collaborated with the Germans during WW II, e.g. the Ukrainian auxiliary police escorted Jews from ghettoes to the places of execution and murdered many of them. Although the Germans did not approved of their proclamation of independence and arrested the leaders of the radical fraction of OUN Stepan Bandera and Jarosław Stećko (and some others) in July 1941, they did not stop collaborating with the Germans. The Ukrainian nationalists decided to start the genocide of Polish people in Volhynia, where the Poles constituted a minority. For this reason, they established the Ukrainian Insurgent Army [UPA] in March 1943. They murdered most of their victims by deception, some of them were even killed in churches during services. Their goal was to exterminate as many Poles as possible. They tortured their victims in a very sadistic way, with no exception for infants, children, pregnant women and old men. The structures of the Polish self-defence protected people at risk from OUN and UPA. Moreover, sometimes the armed Polish secret forces, executed those Ukrainians, who collaborated with OUN and UPA, as a revenge for killing Polish civilians. Many of the Ukrainians supported OUN and UPA and supplied them with food. For this reason the Polish communist authorities, decided to relocate the Ukrainian civilians and to smash OUN and UPA in the south – eastern territories of Poland. The military operation “Vistula” achieved these goals in the summer, 1947. Regarding OUN and UPA as the Ukrainian independence movement seems to be wrong, because of their criminal activity, imposing compulsory service in UPA and murdering those Ukrainians, who did not support them.
Źródło:
Przegląd Geopolityczny; 2014, 8; 243-258
2080-8836
2392-067X
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geopolityczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ZBRODNIE W SREBRENICY I SARAJEWIE PRZED MIĘDZYNARODOWYM TRYBUNAŁEM KARNYM DS. ZBRODNI W B. JUGOSŁAWII. CASUS RATKO MLADICIA
CRIMES COMMITTED IN SREBRENICA AND SARAJEVO BEFORE THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA. RATKO MLADIC´ CASE
Autorzy:
Szpak, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/693237.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
genocide
war crimes
International Criminal
ludobójstwo
zbrodnie wojenne
zbrodnie przeciwko ludzkości
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to present the prognosis of the judgment of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in the Ratko Mladic´ case. Mladic´, who served as a general of the Bosnian Serb army, is responsible for the crimes committed in Srebrenica and Sarajevo. Based on the list of charges against Mladic´, and taking into account the previous ICTY judgments, the authoress makes an attempts to prove that Mladic´ will be convicted for crimes of genocide as well as unlawful attacks and terrorising the civilian population (the latter ones being war crimes). Moreover, General Mladic´ as the chief of staff of the Bosnian Serb army was giving orders to his subordinates including generals Krstic´ and Galic´. An analysis of their cases has also been made for the purpose of the paper, to the extent useful and meaningful to the Mladic´ case. It is then concluded that having been the Krtic´’s and Galic´’s commander, Mladic´ should also be found guilty of the same crimes they have been found to have committed.
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie prognozy wyroku Międzynarodowego Trybunału Karnego ds. Zbrodni w b. Jugosławii (MTKJ) w sprawie Ratko Mladicia, generała armii bośniackich Serbów odpowiedzialnego za zbrodnie popełnione w Srebrenicy oraz Sarajewie. Po wskazaniu stawianych mu zarzutów autorka próbuje wykazać, że – biorąc pod uwagę dotychczasowe orzecznictwo MTKJ – Mladić zostanie uznany winnym zbrodni ludobójstwa w Srebrenicy oraz bezprawnych ataków i terroryzowania ludności cywilnej (te ostatnie jako zbrodnie wojenne). Mladić jako szef sztabu głównego armii bośniackich Serbów wydawał rozkazy swoim podwładnym (m.in. generałom Krsticiowi i Galiciowi). W artykule zostały przeanalizowane ich sprawy w takim zakresie, w jakim mają znaczenie dla sprawy Mladicia. Ten ostatni jako ich przełożony wydający im rozkazy powinien zostać uznany winnym takich samych zbrodni jak oni, to jest tych wymienionych wyżej.
Źródło:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2012, 74, 4; 79-91
0035-9629
2543-9170
Pojawia się w:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Świadkowie. Przy torze kolejowym Andrzeja Brzozowskiego
Witnesses: Andrzej Brzozowski’s “By the Railway Track”
Autorzy:
Preizner, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/511567.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Nazi War Crimes in Poland
Andrzej Brzozowski
By the Railway Track
Opis:
The starting point is the explanation of how Zofia Nałkowska got the story idea for her most famous book Medallions while working on the Committee for Investigation of Nazi War Crimes in Poland. The author then proceeds to analyse Andrzej Brzozowski’s études. She focuses on “By the Railway Track” describing in detail the plot and the vicissitudes of the film before it was relased. The film holds a special place in Polish history as it was shelved in the archives for 28 years.
Źródło:
Postscriptum Polonistyczne; 2010, 1(5); 131-145
1898-1593
2353-9844
Pojawia się w:
Postscriptum Polonistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kryminologiczne implikacje chorwackich zbrodni na Bałkanach w II połowie XX wieku
Inspired by ethnic hatred Croatian war crimes in selected countries of the former Yugoslavia in the second half of the twentieth century
Autorzy:
Ickiewicz-Sawicka, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26850817.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Zamojska
Tematy:
war crimes
civil war
the victim
ethnicity
hate crimes
zbrodnie wojenne
wojna domowa
ofiara
etniczność
zbrodnie z nienawiści
Opis:
Problematyka zbrodni wojennych na Bałkanach w XX wieku koncentruje się głównie wokół serbskich zbrodni wojennych, ignorując innych sprawców bałkańskiej tragedii – Chorwatów, Bośniaków (Boszniaków) czy Kosowskich Albańczyków. Wykreowane przez zachodnioeuropejskich polityków i utrwalone przez światowe media stereotypowe, pejoratywne spojrzenie na mieszkańców regionu bałkańskiego (szczególne negatywne postrzeganie Serbów) zostało zapoczątkowane w Sarajewie i trwa do dnia dzisiejszego. Artykuł składa się z pięciu części. Pierwsza z nich dotyczy chorwackich zbrodni wojennych w XX wieku w kontekście historycznym. Druga zawiera opis kolejnych chorwackich zbrodni pod koniec ubiegłego stulecia, trzecia zaś odnosi się do studium przypadków. Z kolei czwarta część prezentuje zbrodnie wojenne popełniane przez wysoko postawionych funkcjonariuszy państwa chorwackiego. Tekst zamykają wnioski końcowe.
The issue of war crimes in the Balkans at the turn of the eleventh century focused mainly on the Serb war crimes, ignoring or dropping the veil to the other perpetrators of the Balkan tragedy; Croats, Bosnians and Kosovo Albanians. Created by Western politicians and perpetuated by the world’s media a pejorative stereotypical view of the inhabitants of the Balkan region (specifically negative perception of the Serbs) was launched in Sarajevo, and continues to this day. The article consists of four parts. The first relates to the Croatian war crimes in the twentieth century in a historical context. The second contains a description of the Croatian war crimes in the second half of the twentieth century, and the third refers to the description of case studies. The fourth part presents the war crimes committed by high-ranking officers of the Croatian state. Text closes with conclusions.
Źródło:
Facta Simonidis; 2016, 9, 1; 279-293
1899-3109
Pojawia się w:
Facta Simonidis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sprawozdanie z Konferencji „Zbrodnie wojenne Rosji w Ukrainie w latach 2022–2023”
Autorzy:
Gergało-Dąbek, Nadia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343706.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
report
conference
war crimes
Russia
Ukraine
sprawozdanie
konferencja
zbrodnie wojenne
Rosja
Ukraina
Źródło:
Wschód Europy. Studia humanistyczno-społeczne; 2023, 9, 1; 217-225
2450-4866
Pojawia się w:
Wschód Europy. Studia humanistyczno-społeczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The help, care and lifesaving in Poland in the war and occupation period (1939–1945). An outline
Autorzy:
Wiesław, Theiss,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/893204.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-10-16
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
Second World War
war crimes against children
war childhood
help
care and lifesaving during war (“lifeline”)
Opis:
The article is an attempt to outline the issue of help, care and lifesaving of the children in Poland in the war and occupation period (1939–1945). This attempt focuses on the following areas: individual trauma, population losses, the situation of danger, social solidarity, and actions of helping children. The article describes the main areas of war dangers and crimes committed against the children, and also the range and forms of helping children (institutional and individual). Apart from informative and ordering aims, the text signals the need of pedagogical-historical research on the history of childhood, seen from the perspective of the Second World War and occupation in the years 1939–1945.
Źródło:
Praca Socjalna; 2018, 33(1); 27-42
0860-3480
Pojawia się w:
Praca Socjalna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problematyka ochrony dziedzictwa kulturowego w działalności międzynarodowych trybunałów karnych
The protection of cultural heritage in the International Criminal Courts
Autorzy:
Stryjkowska, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/962383.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
cultural heritage protection
destruction of cultural heritage
international criminal law
International Criminal Court
war crimes
crimes against humanity
Opis:
The article aims to present the problem of the ineffectiveness of international legal instruments for the protection of cultural heritage. It presents examples of where such laws were violated and suggests that international criminal law can contribute to a better condition of cultural property. The author emphasizes that the International Criminal Court should play an important role in safeguarding such property from destruction in the future. In that context, the article presents inter allia the case of Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi, which is claimed to be a milestone in the protection of cultural heritage.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2016, 6; 211-228
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 48

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