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Tytuł:
Analiza częstotliwości występowania wad drewna iglastego na pniu jako uzupełnienie oceny jakości bazy surowcowej
Analiz chastoty pojavlenija porokov khvojjnojj drevesiny na stvole kak dopolnenie ocenki kachestva syrevojj bazy
Analysis of frequency cf occurrence of weed-defects in standing coniferous trees as supplement to the evaluation of the quality of raw material basis
Autorzy:
Barszcz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/821394.pdf
Data publikacji:
1989
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewostany iglaste
drzewa iglaste
drewno iglaste
wady drewna
baza surowcowa
ocena jakosci
Źródło:
Sylwan; 1989, 133, 03
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Znaczenie wspolczynnika zmiennosci w okreslaniu jakosci surowca drzewnego
Autorzy:
Barszcz, A
Rutkowska, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/819428.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
surowce drzewne
drzewostany swierkowe
drewno swierkowe
lesnictwo
wspolczynnik zmiennosci
jakosc
pomiary
wady drewna
Źródło:
Sylwan; 1999, 143, 07; 45-55
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmienność rozkładu wad drewna okrągłego w dojrzałych drzewostanach sosnowych
Variability of the defects distribution round wood in mature pine stands
Autorzy:
Mirski, R.
Wieruszewski, M.
Malinowski, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979370.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
drzewostany sosnowe
sosna zwyczajna
Pinus sylvestris
drewno sosnowe
wady drewna
leśnictwo
jakość drewna
drewno okrągłe
timber quality variation
defects
pinus sylvesrtis
Opis:
The aim of the research was to determine the impact of selected habitat and age features on the qualitative properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The research was carried out on forest stands from the Olesno, Wymiarki and Kalisz Pomorski forest districts (western Poland). The collected data provided information on technical and dimensional properties as well as quality classes for logs from Scots pine stands. The severity of the occurrence of seven basic wood defects, identified on the perimeter and length of the model log was identified and described. The collected data was used to determine the distribution of defect groups. For distributions of defect groups, normal distribution criteria were met. For the Scots pine assortments, the ANOVA showed that the hypothesis of the occurrence of an equal number of defects on the side of the logs in three separated classes of WA0, WB0 and WC0 of the quality of the raw material should be rejected. For the Tukey test, the results indicate that there is no reason to reject this hypothesis. The obtained p−value in this case is 0.09 for WB0 and WC0. There was no influence of the diameter of the logs and the habitat on the number of defects. Number of defect groups is correlated with the distance from the butt in Kalisz Pomorski and Wymiarki forest districts but not in Olesno. In that case the increase in the number of defect groups has its maximum in the zone of 6−8 m of the log length.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 11; 913-923
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jakość surowca świerkowego pochodzącego z drzewostanów naturalnych (rezerwatowych) i drzewostanów pełniących funkcje gospodarcze
The quality of spruce timber from natural stands (forest reserves) and managed stands
Autorzy:
Michalec, K.
Barszcz, A.
Wasik, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52586.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
Tematy:
drzewostany swierkowe
drzewostany naturalne
drzewostany gospodarcze
surowce drzewne
drzewa lesne
swierk
drewno swierkowe
jakosc
struktura jakosciowa
wady drewna
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy porównawczej jakości surowca świerkowego pochodzącego z drzewostanów naturalnych (rezerwatowych) i drzewostanów pełniących funkcje gospodarcze. W analizach uwzględniono również wady drewna wpływające na wyniki klasyfikacji badanego surowca oraz częstotliwość ich występowania. Wytypowane do badań drzewostany zlokalizowane były w terenach górskich: w Sudetach i Karpatach. W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz stwierdzono, że nieznacznie lepsze pod względem jakości surowca drzewnego są w porównaniu z drzewostanami naturalnymi (rezerwatowymi) drzewostany pełniące funkcje gospodarcze.
The aim of this study is to determine the variation in the quality structure of spruce timber and to analyze the frequency of occurrence of trees with defects, including the generic structure of defects in natural stands (forest reserves) and stands serving economic functions. The study was conducted on 20 experimental plots located within the Sudeten and Carpathian Mountains, of which 10 were located in the area of nature reserves or national parks while the other 10 - in the managed stands (table 1). Each experimental plot constituted 5 or 10% of the area of the whole stand, depending on its differentiation. The following tasks were performed on the experimental plots: measurement of the breast-height diameter of each tree with a thickness of at least 7 cm, measurement of the height of each tree, quality assessment of the first section of the tree stem from the base along with its quality-dimensional class or group [Zasady... 2003], recording the types and varieties of wood defects. Analyzing the research material obtained, the stem of each tree growing on an experimental plot underwent simulated division into sections corresponding to the quality-dimensional classes and groups which could theoretically be distinguished over the whole length of a stem up to its top. The starting point was the quality-dimensional class noted in the butt section of the stem (section 1) during the field research. The above tasks included the use of the Radwański tables [Roczniki... 1956], which allowed the determination of the size and volume of each section of the spruce stems on the basis of the breast-height diameter and the tree height; wood defects, noted in field, were also taken into account. The material obtained was divided into 2 groups: data from the reserves and from the managed stands. For the material grouped in this way, juxtapositions were made of the average volumes of individual stem sections in quality-dimensional classes and groups of timber and the percentages of particular timber classes and groups in the two stand types were calculated. The material was also analyzed taking into account the generic structure of defects (percentages of individual trees with particular wood defects in a given group of stands). The next stage consisted in statistical analyses using the U-Mann-Whitney test, examining the significance of differences in the quality-dimensional structure of timber and the share of trees with defects between the two groups of stands. The research showed that trees growing in natural stands (reserves) are characterized by a greater average height, thickness (d1.3 and d1/2) and volume of individual trees as compared with the same characteristics of spruce trees in managed stands (table 2). Also, the average volume of the large-sized timber sections (WA, WB1, WB, WC, WD) of individual trees from natural forests dominated the volume of tree sections in managed stands. Despite that fact, the volume/ha of natural forest stands was lower (355.91 m3/ha) than of managed stands (380.27 m3/ha). By analyzing the quality-dimensional structure of the examined timber it was found that the proportion of higher quality timber classes (WA and WB) prevails in the managed stands, resulting in a lower share of the WC class of timber (fig. 1). Only the share of WB1 class timber prevails in natural stands. The managed stands also showed a larger share of medium-sized timber (groups S1, S2 and S4) as compared to natural forests. TheU-Mann-Whitney statistical test, however, did not show statistically significant differences in the timber quality structure between the natural and the managed stands (U = 49.00, Z = -0.0378, p = 0.9698). Subsequently, it was found that the proportion of trees with quality reduced by defects was higher in the natural stands (70.38%) as compared to the managed stands (67.13%). The main defect, decisive for timber quality, were knots (in both groups of stands). The share of trees with that defect was greater in the stands of natural origin (fig. 2). In those stands, there was also a larger share of trees with rot (external and internal rot) and unilateral curvatures. The managed stands demonstrated a share of injuries (overgrown and open ones) as well as bilateral and multilateral curvatures that was higher than in the natural stands. In conclusion, it should be emphasized that in the managed stands within the research area a higher quality of spruce timber as well as higher volume/ha were noted as compared to the natural stands (forest reserves). Stands in forest reserves are generally located at higher altitudes in the mountains or hardly accessible areas; their main purpose are protective functions, they also serve the purposes of research. In the stands situated in forest reserves there was reported, in comparison with the managed stands, a higher incidence of trees with a large number of knots and highly affected by rot. A frequent presence of such defects is inevitable there because this group does not undergo any management cuts that would improve timber quality. Moreover, the presence of rot is due to the advanced age of these stands. At the same time, what is disturbing is a large share of trees with injuriesin the managed stands. Given that spruce is very sensitive to mechanical damage of the stem, resulting in rapid development of rot, caution is recommended during forest management work and harvesting in spruce stands.
Źródło:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2013, 56, 189
1644-3985
Pojawia się w:
Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jakość drewna topól wprowadzonych w ramach rekultywacji leśnej na zwałowisko skał towarzyszących wydobyciu węgla brunatnego
Quality of wood of poplars used in the reclamation of spoil rock dump accompanying the lignite mining
Autorzy:
Pająk, M.
Michalec, K.
Wąsik, R.
Urban, O.
Vitek, P.
Wos, B.
Krzaklewski, W.
Pietrzykowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979559.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
tereny przemyslowe
kopalnie wegla brunatnego
zwalowiska zewnetrzne
rekultywacja lesna
topola
drewno topolowe
jakosc drewna
wady drewna
cultivar
timber
wood defects
knots
curvature
Opis:
The aim of the study was to determine quality of wood of 40−year old poplar cultivars introduced onto the external spoil dump of the Bełchatów Field and subjected to various reclamation systems. The research was carried out on the 1/78 trial plot located on the northern slope of the external spoil dump of the Bełchatów Field (central Poland). The dump was the result of the rock (predominantly sand) overlay storage accompanying lignite deposit. On the trial plot two blocks were established: one called ‘Humus’ where sandy sediments were covered with approximately 20−centimeter layer of fertile soil, and the other named ‘Piasek’ (sand) with only sandy sediments. To set up the experiment 9 poplar varieties were used (I−214, Robusta, Gerlica, H−194, Grandis, Oxford, Androscoggin, Geneva, H−275). Their wood quality was assessed in 2017, 40 years after their introduction on the spoil dump. The results indicate that poplars growing in the ‘Humus’ variant were characterised by higher volume in comparison to wood of poplars from the ‘Piasek’ variant. The latter however had a larger share of better wood quality classes (WB, WC). The results also showed that wood classification of all investigated varieties were significantly influenced by curvature in the case of the ‘Humus’ variant and knots in the ‘Piasek’ one. The influence of other wood defects such as galls, grain slope, multiple pith and knobs was insignificant. In order to obtain the higher volume of poplar raw material the reclamation treatments should be carried out on afforested areas with fertile outer layer whereas the better quality raw material can be obtained on less fertile sediments.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 10; 855-861
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ zgnilizny na jakość drewna w zróżnicowanych wiekowo drzewostanach świerkowych
The effect of decay on the quality of wood in spruce stands of different age
Autorzy:
Dardziński, A.
Giefing, D.F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1009391.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
uzytkowanie lasu
drzewostany swierkowe
drzewostany przeszlorebne
drzewa lesne
swierk
Picea
drewno swierkowe
degradacja drewna
wady drewna
zgnilizna drewna
mature and overmature spruce stand
rotation age
bark stripping
fungal decay
Opis:
The objective of the research was to analyse the level of fungal infection of spruce wood in the mature and overmature stands and determine the age of their technical maturity. Trees from seven stands aged 49−137 were examined. Age was found to have a statistically significant effect on the level of infection of trees caused by wood−rotting fungi. A high infection level was also detected in the bark−stripped spruces of the lower storeys of multi−storeyed stands. The obtained results enabled determination of the age at which spruces are considered mature (technical maturity) for felling at 80−90 years.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2010, 154, 08; 569-576
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Klasyfikacja surowca wybranych gatunków według norm polskich i Unii Europejskiej
Classification of wood of selected tree species according to the Polish and the EU standards
Autorzy:
Michalec, K.
Wąsik, K.
Barszcz, A.
Groń, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989278.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
surowce drzewne
drewno bukowe
drewno debowe
drewno jodlowe
drewno swierkowe
wady drewna
jakosc drewna
klasyfikacja drewna
normy unijne
normy polskie
raw wood
wood defects
wood value
softwood
hardwood
Opis:
The aim of this paper was to perform a comparative analysis of the quality and the value of beech, oak, fir and spruce wood classified according to the Polish and the EU standards. The research was carried out in Lesko and Baligród forest districts (south−eastern Poland). The measurements of the investigated raw wood were taken at the upper landings. With regard to fir, spruce and beech 50 specimens per species were measured, while in the case of oak only 25 pieces were examined. Each specimen was classified in respect of its quality and size according to the Polish standards (PN) and the European Union (PN−EN) standards. Then, the results of both classifications were compared in terms of the share of volumes of particular wood quality classes, the impact of wood defects on the raw wood classification results, and the value of wood determined by the means of both standards. With regard to the beech wood, the share of the poorest class D upon applying PN−EN was smaller than that for PN norms. This decrease was in favour of other classes, due to which the value of the entire beech wood increased by ca. 16%, when classified with the use of the EU standards. The oak wood revealed a slight increase in the share of wood volume in the class C and a decrease in the class D of PN−EN when compared with the Polish norms. The value of the oak wood classified with the use of the EU standards was merely by 2.3% higher than that of the Polish norms. With regard to the softwood (fir and spruce), a decrease in the share of wood of the class C in PN−EN was recorded, which was in favour of the classes B and D. The value of raw wood classified by means of the EU standards was lower for both of the coniferous species. The decrease for fir accounted for 13.3%, while for spruce it was only 1.5%. For the evaluation of the softwood, Polish classification was more profitable, whereas for hardwood the EU standards were more favourable.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2016, 160, 06; 459-465
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Związek typu ugałęzienia świerka pospolitego (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) z jakością surowca drzewnego
Relationships between Norway spruce [Picea abies [L.] Karst.] branching type and timber
Autorzy:
Michalec, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1015618.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
typ ugalezienia
drewno swierkowe
Picea abies
lesnictwo
jakosc
wady drewna
swierk pospolity
drzewa lesne
norway spruce
branching type
timber quality
wood defects
Opis:
As there are different views concerning the relationship between branching type and timber quality, the present paper attempts to evaluate this relationship. The studies were carried out on 32 sample plots located within the boundaries of two natural ranges of Norway spruce in Poland: north−eastern and south−western. The selected trees were examined for the type of branching, height and diameter at breast height, timber quality, size classes or groups in a butt−end section, and kinds or varieties of wood defects having an effect on timber grade classification. The analyses did not show any clear relationship between branching type and timber quality of Norway spruce.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2008, 152, 06; 33-43
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ wad drewna wielkowymiarowego na przychody z jego sprzedaży
Effect of defects on income from the sales of large dimension timber
Autorzy:
Szramka, H.
Bieniaszewski, T.
Auguścik, L.
Bobek, J.
Adamowicz, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/987045.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
ekonomika lesnictwa
surowce drzewne
obnizenie jakosci
drewno wielkowymiarowe
wady drewna
drewno
sprzedaz
przychody
Nadlesnictwo Zaporowo
forest stands
health
timber
wood defects
forest economics
Opis:
Harvested timber has many various wood defects. Analyses were carried out on material collected in Zaporowo Forest District (northern Poland). Results show that various defects were found in 35% of harvested timber on average. The share of timber with defects varied among individual species (pine – 44%, spruce – 22%, oak – 14%, birch – 9%, beech – 5%, lime and larch – 2% each, hornbeam and alder – 1% each). The individual wood defects appeared in harvested timber with following frequency: knots – 55%, knobs – 22%, foreign bodies – 7%, curvature – 5%, inner rot – 5%, galls – 2%, blue stain – 1%, insect holes – 1%, false heartwood – 1%, and cracks – 1%. Timber defects resulted in reduction of income from the sales. A decrease in income caused by various defects amounted from 0.07 PLN/m3 for brown sap stain to 68.83 PLN/m3 for knots. The greatest effect of wood defects on the reduction of income from sales was recorded for oak timber (518.30 PLN/m3), while the smallest for aspen (4.63 PLN/m3). Due to the fact that in almost all analysed tree species the dominant effect on the reduction of income from timber sales was caused by knots (open knots and knobs) systematic solutions need to be found in order to reduce the effect of this defect. It is particularly important in the case of oak timber, where a decrease in income from timber sales connected with this defect was the greatest.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2017, 161, 03; 238-246
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Porównanie wad wielkowymiarowego drewna sosnowego w normalizacji krajów Unii Europejskiej
Comparison of the large-size wood defects in the European Union countries normalization
Autorzy:
Malinowski, Z.
Wieruszewski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986941.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
drzewnictwo
sosna zwyczajna
Pinus sylvestris
drewno sosnowe
drewno okragle
drewno wielkowymiarowe
wady drewna
normalizacja
normy polskie
normy europejskie
standards
qualitative classification
round wood
scots pine
Opis:
Scots pine wood is widely used in many branches of the wood industry. The possibility to select the raw material quality according to the specific processing needs corresponding to different uses is related with the issues of the standardisation, which comprises classification based both on the dimensions of processed assortments as well as their defects and traits of anatomical construction. In the last two decades of economic transformations in Poland, there has been increasing importance of the standardisation process because of the trade between the European Union (EU) member−states. EU−membership involved gradual adjustment to the rules of round wood trade, which are applicable in the old EU member−states. Many international certification institutions as well as the Polish Committee for Standardisation were involved in the process of standardisation. The experience of northern and western European countries generated a very complex classification system, which partly matched the national standards. There are differences in the description of Scots pine wood characteristics and defects in the domestic standards and technical conditions concerning this timber trade, which is of key importance to the Polish wood industry.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2017, 161, 10; 795-803
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Methods of strength grading of structural timber - comparative analysis of visual and machine grading on the example of Scots pine timber from four natural forest regions of Poland
Metody sortowania wytrzymałościowego tarcicy konstrukcyjnej - analiza porównawcza sortowania wizualnego i maszynowego na przykładzie polskiej tarcicy sosnowej z czterech krain przyrodniczo-leśnych
Autorzy:
Wdowiak, Agnieszka
Brol, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/402557.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Świętokrzyska w Kielcach. Wydawnictwo PŚw
Tematy:
construction timber
strength grading
visual method
machine method
wood defects
structural characteristics
geometric characteristics
tarcica konstrukcyjna
sortowanie wytrzymałościowe
metoda wizualna
metoda maszynowa
wady drewna
cechy strukturalne
cechy geometryczne
Opis:
The article covers the strength grading system methodology for construction timber. The presented analysis identified important issues concerning the verification of structural and geometric characteristics during construction timber strength grading by visual and machine method. The following considerations specified the guidelines for the classification of coniferous construction timber in sawmills. The paper also presents the results of the visual and machine classification performed for Scots pine timber from four natural forest regions of Poland. As a result of the conducted research it was stated that the use of machine classification equipment allows obtaining a larger amount of pine timber with better mechanical properties and eliminating the rejected timber.
Artykuł obejmuje metodykę sortowania wytrzymałościowego tarcicy konstrukcyjnej. Przedstawiona analiza określiła ważne zagadnienia dotyczące weryfikacji cech strukturalnych i geometrycznych w trakcie sortowania wytrzymałościowego tarcicy konstrukcyjnej metodą wizualną oraz metodą maszynową. Poniższe rozważania skonkretyzowały wytyczne służące klasyfikacji tarcicy konstrukcyjnej iglastej w tartakach. W pracy ukazano również wyniki badań klasyfikacji wizualnej i maszynowej sosnowej tarcicy konstrukcyjnej pochodzącej z czterech krain przyrodniczo-leśnych Polski. W efekcie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że wykorzystanie urządzeń do klasyfikacji maszynowej umożliwia uzyskanie większej ilości sztuk tarcicy sosnowej o lepszych właściwościach mechanicznych oraz zniwelowanie liczebności tarcicy odrzuconej.
Źródło:
Structure and Environment; 2019, 11, 3; 210-224
2081-1500
Pojawia się w:
Structure and Environment
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Częstotliwość występowania i struktura rodzajowa wad drewna u głównych gatunków lasotwórczych Beskidu Żywieckiego i Śląskiego w zależności od wysokości nad poziomem morza
The effect of altitude on the frequency and types of wood defects in major forest tree species in the Beskid Zywiecki and Beskid Slaski Mountains
Autorzy:
Barszcz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973792.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
Abies
buk
czynniki siedliska
Fagus
Picea
wady drewna
wysokosc nad poziomem morza
Beskid Śląski
Beskid Żywiecki
drzewa leśne
gatunki lasotwórcze
jodła
leśnictwo
świerk
altitude
wood defects
timber quality
Opis:
The result of the research carried out in the Beskid Żywiecki and Beskid Śląski Mountains indicated the impact of altitude on certain qualitative properties of spruce, fir and beech timber. Significant differences were noted in the share of trees with defects, as well as in the observed types of wood defects in the examined timber depending on the climate/vegetation zone.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2011, 155, 03; 171-178
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jakość drewna sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris L.) I. Charakterystyka wybranych cech i właściwości drewna wpływających na jego jakość
Quality of Scots pine [Pinus sylvestris L.] wood. Part I. Characteristics of selected wood traits and properties affecting its quality
Autorzy:
Tomczak, A.
Pazdrowski, W.
Jelonek, T.
Grzywiński, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1012211.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
jakosc
Pinus sylvestris
drewno pozne
drewno sosnowe
seki
drewno wczesne
gestosc drewna
drewno mlodociane
sloje przyrostu rocznego
sosna zwyczajna
drzewa lesne
wady drewna
wood quality
scots pine
knots
wood density
tree rings
latewood
juvenile wood
Opis:
The study presents the synthetic characteristic of selected wood tissue traits and properties (knots, tree rings, the proportion of latewood, juvenile wood, wood density, dimensions of anatomical elements, cell wall structure), which play significant role in modifications of wood quality. At individual stage of the raw material–product cycle the term "quality" may be interpreted differently, but characteristics determining it remain unchanged. Quality depends on the natural traits and properties of wood.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2009, 153, 06; 363-372
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Defects in structural timber
Wady drewna konstrukcyjnego
Autorzy:
Wdowiak, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/402203.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Świętokrzyska w Kielcach. Wydawnictwo PŚw
Tematy:
timber
wood defects
knots
cracks
resin pockets
stains
rots
insect channels
wanes
twisted fibres
curves
sclerenchyma fibres
drewno
wady drewna
sęki
pęknięcia
pęcherze żywiczne
zabarwienia
zgnilizna
chodniki owadzie
obliny
skręt włókien
krzywizny
twardzica
Opis:
The paper presents the defects that are typically found in structural timber. The model of the so-called flawless timber has been made more precise. Additionally, the impact of defects on timber quality was characterised. Defect classification with respect to the time of formation, type and causes was presented. The following defects were discussed in a detailed manner: knots, twisted fibres, cracks, resin pockets, stains, rots, insect channels, wanes, shape defects and sclerenchyma fibres. The main objective of the paper is to show actual imperfections in the conifer wood revealed in the examined elements. The cross-sections of round timber and construction and structural sawn timber were analysed.
W artykule przedstawiono typowe wady drewna konstrukcyjnego. Przybliżone zostały wzorce tzw. drewna bezbłędnego. Scharakteryzowano również wpływ wad na jakość drewna oraz ich podział w odniesieniu do czasu powstania, rodzaju uszkodzeń i ich przyczyn. Szczegółowo zilustrowano sęki, skręt włókien, pęknięcia, pęcherze żywiczne, zabarwienia, zgnilizny, chodniki owadzie, obliny, wady kształtu oraz twardzicę. Głównym celem pracy jest ukazanie rzeczywistych niedoskonałości przebadanych elementów z drewna iglastego. Przeanalizowano przekroje drewna okrągłego oraz tarcicy budowlano-konstrukcyjnej.
Źródło:
Structure and Environment; 2017, 9, 2; 112-122
2081-1500
Pojawia się w:
Structure and Environment
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 18

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