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Tytuł:
The soviet security services in Volyn in 1944-1947
Autorzy:
Kaczyński, Adam Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/653700.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Soviet secret police in Volyn
NKVD
NKGB
Volyn
World War II
underground movement in Volyn
Opis:
History of the Soviet secret police in Volyn is a perfect example to illustrate the main problems of Soviet power in controlling the newly incorporated and also hostile to the USSR territory. On the one hand, we are dealing with an extremely efficient reproduction of power structures, but on the other hand we are dealing with a shortage and an exceptionally poor quality of personnel forming the new system. An early preparation of foundations of the new administration and managerial personnel had been largely nullified after the arrival in Volyn. For the Soviet secret police, this situation is perfectly noticeable both in their structure, and also in temporary efforts of the authority aiming at rescuing plans which are falling apart. In contrast to earlier liberated eastern districts of Ukraine by the Red Army, where the reconstruction of prewar structures did not encounter with resistance, Volyn was an extremely difficult and dangerous area. As far as the District Departments of the NKVD and NKGB formed on the east freely develop their activities and had no major problems with the reconstruction of departments and sections standing lower in the organizational hierarchy, so in Volyn even the best trained and experienced commanders were not able to perform their tasks without the adequate preparation of regular officials. In order to find a remedy for the dramatic shortage of personnel in the ranks of the Soviet secret police former partisans were massively conscripted, and local residents formed additional Destructive Troops.
Źródło:
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej; 2012, 47
2353-6403
1230-5057
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Форми політичного протесту та самоорганізації громадян на Волині в умовах Революції Гідності
The forms of political protest and self-organization of citizens in Volyn in the conditions of the Revolution of Dignity
Autorzy:
Бортніков, Валерій
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489363.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
Revolution of Dignity,
Euromaidan,
Volyn,
political protest,
meeting
Opis:
The analysis of the political protest forms, the ability of citizens to self-organization in the struggle to defend constitutional rights and freedoms in Volyn during the active phase of the Euromaidan viability (November, 2013 – March, 2014) has been carried out. The start of the protest rally in Kyiv is related to the order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of Azarov to stop the process of preparing for the signing of an association with the European Union by Ukraine, which was to be held at the summit of the leaders of the Eastern Partnership countries on November 29 in Vilnius. The response to this was the creation of Euromaidan. In Lutsk, EuroMaidan started its activity on November 22, 2013, along with the celebration of the ninth anniversary of the Orange Revolution. Members of the youth public organization «National Alliance» announced a permanent action in support of Ukraine’s accession to the European Union. On Sunday, November 24, the demonstration of support of the European vector «Ukrainians for European Integration» was held. The first mass meeting, attended by about two thousand participants, mostly student youth, was held on November 26. On November 28, the activists of the Lutsk EuroMaydan, mainly the students, organized a picket of the Volyn Regional Council with the requirement to accept the appeal concerning the European integration aspirations of the Ukraine citizens and the resignation of the government. The massive protest movement in the region began actually after the students were beaten up by members of the «Berkut» units on the night of November 30, 2013 in Kyiv. On December 1, more than 10,000 volunteers gathered at the Lutsk Theater square, where they expressed indignation at the actions of the security forces and offered to launch a nationwide strike action aimed at eliminating of the power. An effective factor in the organization of people during the Revolution of Dignity was the effective use of modern digital technologies and communications, in particular the Internet. They had become a powerful tool for the development of horizontal social interactions, community mobilization and the self-organization of the territorial communities. The campaign aimed at boycotting of the trade marks belonging to the deputies of the Party of Regions had begun in social networks. On January 14, 2014, the Volyn Regional Branch of the All-Ukrainian Association «Maidan» was formed. Along with EuroMaidan Avtomaydan, which became a kind of mobile unit of EuroMaidan, was founded along with Euromaidan. On January 22, 2014, members of Automaidan did not allow the battalion of internal troops to leave Lutsk for Kyiv to help the security forces, with the following prolonged blockade of their barracks. A step delegitimize Yanukovych’s regime was the formation of the People’s Councils in the country’s highest legislative body and representative power bodies on the ground. A self-defense unit was founded In Lutsk on February 19, 2014 on the basis of the decision of the Volyn Regional People’s Council. The final mass meeting of EuroMaidan in Lutsk on February 23, 2011 was devoted to the public repentance of the Volyn Special Forces «Berkut» staff.
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2017, 7; 154-162
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ediacaran-Paleozoic subsidence history of the Volyn-Podillya-Moldavia Basin (W and SW Ukraine, Moldova, NE Romania)
Autorzy:
Poprawa, P.
Radkovets, N.
Rauball, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2060431.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
Ediacaran-Early Paleozoic
Volyn-Podillya-Moldavia basin
tectonic subsidence
backstripping
Opis:
Tectonic subsidence history was analysed for the Ediacaran-Paleozoic Volyn-Podillya-Moldavia Basin, by performing 1D backstripping for 21 boreholes located in western and SW Ukraine, Moldova and NE Romania. Tectonic subsidence history is coherent across the area studied. Development of the basin commenced with an Ediacaran phase of extension, initiated with the emplacement of rift-related volcanic rocks and associated with rapid syn-rift tectonic subsidence. During this event, tectonic subsidence increased towards the SW, i.e. towards the edge of the East European Craton, where the Ediacaran rift zone was located. At that time, a rift developed along the whole SW margin of the East European Craton from Scandinavia to the Black Sea. Development of this large extensional basin was related to the latest stages of break-up of the Precambrian supercontinent Rodinia/Pannotia and ultimately the formation of the Tornquist Ocean. The latest Ediacaran to Late Ordovician tectonic subsidence pattern was characteristic of the post-rift thermal sag stage of extensional basins. The SW margin of the newly formed Baltica, including the area studied, became a passive continental margin. The late Cambrian uplift and erosion was presumably related to a far-field effect of contractional events or intra-plate stresses. Since the Late Ordovician, a gradual change to a collisional tectonic setting is observed across the SW margin of Baltica. In the study area, this is indicated by a systematic increase in subsidence rate from Wenlock to Early Devonian time, creating subsidence curves with convex shapes typical of foreland basin development. The Silurian to Early Devonian Volyn-Podillya-Moldavia Basin is interpreted here as a flexural foredeep related to a Caledonian collision zone located further to the SW. The prominent diachroneity in the initiation of the foredeep basin development at a scale of the whole SW margin of Baltica is coherent with a model of oblique collision of Avalonia and Baltica. During the Pragian-Emsian, the basin was part of a system of post-collisional Old Red basins, with subsidence driven presumably by lithospheric isostatic imbalance resulting from the Caledonian collision and development of an accretionary wedge. Middle to Late Devonian short-term phases of rapid subsidence in small depocentres might be regarded as an indication of a transtensional tectonic regime.
Źródło:
Geological Quarterly; 2018, 62, 3; 459--486
1641-7291
Pojawia się w:
Geological Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Formation and Development of Women’s Secondary Education in Volyn in the 19th–the Beginning of the 20th Century
Autorzy:
Kotsiuk, Lesia
Kostiuk, Oksana
Kovalchuk, Inna
Polishchuk, Viktoria
Bobkov, Vadym
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1878465.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-25
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
women’s education
Volyn
Women Count D. Bludov Specialised School
Opis:
The article aims to analyse the formation and development of women’s secondary education in Volyn in the 19th-early 20th centuries under historical, sociocultural, and religious factors. Methods. The authors describe the historical, sociocultural, and religious situation in Volyn of the late 19th-early 20th centuries and apply comparative diachronic and synchronous analyses of the charters of the educational institutions for girls, their curricula and weekly workload. Systematised pedagogical approaches to teaching and testing students of the analysed schools are used. Results and conclusion. The formation and development of women’s education in Volyn in the 19th-early 20th centuries represents a natural, consistent change in the content and structure of educational processes under certain specific historical conditions. Due to subordination changes in the region, private Orthodox boarding houses for noble girls became widespread in Volyn. Ostroh Women’s Specialised School, founded by Countess Antonina Bludova, underwent a qualitative and structural transformation under the influence of specific historical events. Both Women Count D. Bludov Specialised School and the Bratsvo School aimed to raise a certified woman who can teach children at home and other educational institutions. Analysis of the statutes of educational institutions, programmes of academic disciplines, and weekly workload indicates following the educational sequence principle. In Women Count D. Bludov Specialised School, attention was paid to general disciplines in the first years of study (arithmetics, languages, geography, general history etc.). At the last stage (4th grade), students were taught pedagogy (methodology) directly related to their future profession.
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2021, 12, 2; 227-240
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Кремаційний могильник ранньозалізного віку Монастирок-2 на Волині
Сremation cemetery of the Early Iron Age Monastyrok-2 in Volyn
Autorzy:
Бадецький, Андрій Б.
Самолюк, Валерій О.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1035354.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie
Tematy:
cremation cemetery
volyn'
early iron age
mohylyany group
chornolis'ka culture
Opis:
The article presents materials from the recently discovered cremation cemetery of the pre-Scythian period Monastyrok-2, Rivne region (Ukraine). Collection was obtained during filed walking prospections and small scale excavations. Classification of all materials was carried out and on the basis of the given analogies a general dating was proposed between end of X and VIII century BC.
Źródło:
Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego; 2020, 41; 95-110
0137-5725
Pojawia się w:
Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Становлення інституту губернаторської влади на Волині (кінець XVIII – друга половина XІX ст.)
The Establishment of the Governor’s Power in Volyn (the end of XVIII – the Second Half of the XIX century)
Autorzy:
Бортніков, Валерій
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489317.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
Volyn
Russian empire
autocracy
province
the Governor-General
the civil Governor
Opis:
Many scientific works are lack the specific historical material, but complex, multidimensional processes of Ukrainian state are often considered after simplified traditional schemes, without taking into account regional specificity, due to the prolonged stay of Ukrainian lands in the structure of other state formations. The process of the institution establishment of the provincial government attached from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth territories is stipulated by the policy of the tsarist government aimed at strengthening of the centralized management of the Russian Empire. It acquired the concentrated shape in the «theory of official nationality», which envisaged the integration of autocracy, orthodoxy and nation into the «united and indivisible» Russia. The policy of the central authorities was determined as well by the struggle for spheres of influence between the «Russian imperialism» and by the Polish landowners’ elite, the attempt to tear the Ukrainian population from the Polish revolutionary movement. Catherine II considered each province as a governorship, and therefore at each of them appointed “the sovereign’s Viceroy or the Governor-General and subordinate to him «the ruler of the governorship or the Governor». Later, «the Governor of province or Governor became to be known as civil Governor. The latter had subordinated for the management of economic affairs «the Lieutenant Governor or Vice-Governor”. As a rule, the Governors-General were as well commanders of military districts. On the outskirts of the Empire, the Governor-General are not so much watched, but rather directed the state policy in a certain direction, as a kind of «repeater» of the cultural activities of the state, and in some places its founder. In the North-Western and South-Western region governors-General primarily pursued political goals: «to prevent the possibility of an armed uprising and to tighten the connection of the land with the Empire». The direct management of the province was exercised by civil governors. An important step in determining their place and role in the hierarchy of the higher ranks of the Empire, and a careful regulation of their activities was the «General instructions of the civil governors» (1837) Nicholas I. The order clearly defined the legal status of these governors primarily as «security guards inviolability of the supreme rights of the autocracy.» At the same time they had no right t to «make regulations..., install, taxes or charges», and they are not allowed to change court verdicts or to assume the functions of judges. The order stated the provisions of the welfare of the inhabitants of the province, their protection from unlawful harassment. One of the powerful levers of state policy in the Russian Empire was the Orthodox Church and faith; it is no accident that the civil Governor was given the responsibility in the ensuring favorable conditions for strengthening, protection from the split, the influence of heretical doctrines and facts of the proselytism. At the heart of the provincial institutions there was the principle of their division into administrative, judicial and financial. Full executive power belonged to the provincial government, headed by the civil Governor. The Job title of the provincial Prosecutor, the provincial solicitors for criminal and civil cases, provincial land surveyor, architect, etc. had been founded. Beside the provincial board, the Governor headed a significant part of other provincial agencies. The Governor, who was appointed by the Emperor at his discretion or on the proposal of the Ministry of internal affairs, was formally the head of the local provincial administration. He was the highest representative of the administrative and police authorities in the province, had broad administrative and supervisory credentials.
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2016, 6; 192-199
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Енеолітичне поховання біля с. Колоколин у Верхньому Подністров’ї
Eneolithic burials near the village of Kołokolin in the Upper Podniestrze
Autorzy:
Позіховський, Oлександр
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/3137717.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-08-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie
Tematy:
eneolithic
Kołokolin
Lublin-Volyn culture
Pleszów-Modlnick group (phase)
Lengyel culture
Opis:
In 1935, T. Sulimirski, in a grotto near the village of Kołokolin, examined two destroyed burials, which he referred to the third period of the Neolithic period in accordance with the contemporary periodization, and proposed separating a local group of the Lublin-Volyn culture. Currently, these burials are associated with the Lublin-Volyn culture. However, the analysis of the artefacts discovered indicates that they represent two different taxonomic units. One of them, containing an amphora, should be associated with the Lublin-Volyn culture, the others with the local group (phase) of the Pleszów-Modlnica Lengyel culture. This is confirmed by analogies both from settlements and burials of the aforementioned group (phase) from the Kraków region.
Źródło:
Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego; 2022, 43; 219-222
0137-5725
Pojawia się w:
Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sport i turystyka w działalności Związku Harcerstwa Polskiego w województwie wołyńskim w latach 1921–1939
Sport and tourism in the activity of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association in the Volhynian province in years 1921–1939
Autorzy:
Bakota, Daniel
Małolepszy, Eligiusz
Drozdek-Małolepsza, Teresa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/465086.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Polska
Wołyń
okres międzywojenny
kultura fizyczna
Polska
Volyn
interwar period
physical culture
Opis:
Cel badań. Celem badań było przedstawienie sportu i turystyki w działalności Związku Harcerstwa Polskiego w województwie wołyńskim w latach 1921–1939. Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego był jedną z najprężniej działających polskich organizacji na Wołyniu. Materiał i metody. Wykorzystano źródła archiwalne oraz literaturę odnoszącą się głównie do dziejów wychowania fizycznego i sportu na Wołyniu i w Polsce w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego, a także literaturę dotyczącą dziejów harcerstwa. Zastosowano metodę analizy źródeł historycznych, metodę syntezy, dedukcji i indukcji. Wyniki. W pracy ukazano działalność Związku Harcerstwa Polskiego w województwie wołyńskim w okresie międzywojennym. Przedstawiono struktury organizacyjne harcerstwa polskiego na Wołyniu wraz z infrastrukturą. Wśród różnych rodzajów działalności harcerze uprawiali też sport i turystykę. Podejmowali również próby zdobywania odznak sportowych. Wnioski. Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego wniósł znaczny wkład w rozwój sportu i turystyki na Wołyniu. Spośród dyscyplin sportu największą popularnością cieszyły się gry sportowe, sporty wodne oraz strzelectwo. Dość istotny był udział harcerstwa województwa wołyńskiego w zdobywaniu Państwowej Odznaki Sportowej, Odznaki Strzeleckiej i Odznaki Łuczniczej.
Background. The aim of the study was to present sport and tourism in the activity of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association in the Volhynian province in years 1921–1939. The Polish Scouting and Guiding Association was one of the most vigorous Polish organizations in Volyn. Material and methods. The materials included archival sources and literature relating mainly to the history of physical education and sport in Volyn and in Poland in the interwar period, as well as literature on the history of scouting. The methods used were: analysis of historical sources, synthesis, deduction, and induction. Results. The paper discusses the activity of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association in the Volhynian province in the interwar period. The organizational structures of the Polish scouting in Volyn, as well as the related infrastructure are presented. Among different types of activity, scouts also practised sport and tourism. They also participated in tests to gain sports badges. Conclusions. The Polish Scouting and Guiding Association contributed significantly to the development of sport and tourism in Volyn. Among sports disciplines, those enjoying greatest popularity were sports games, water sports, and shooting. The participation of scouts of the Volhynian province in obtaining the National Sports Badge, Shooting Badge, and Archery Badge was also quite considerable.
Źródło:
Rozprawy Naukowe Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu; 2018, 61; 88-97
0239-4375
Pojawia się w:
Rozprawy Naukowe Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Działalność społeczno-polityczna Mykyty Bury w warunkach II Rzeczypospolitej
Social and Political Activity of Mykyta Bura in the Age of the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Davydyuk, Ruslana
Troyan, Serhiy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/495346.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe Franciszka Salezego
Tematy:
Mykyta Bura
działalność społeczna
ambasador
wołyńskie województwo
Druga Rzeczpospolita
Wołyński Związek Ukraiński
armia Andersa
emigracja
public activity
Ambassador
Volyn Province
Second Polish-Lithuanian Comonwealth
Volyn Ukrainian Association
Anders’ Army
emigration
Opis:
The article analyzes the social and political activity of the native of Rivne region, First World War veteran, Mykyta Bura, the cultural and educational aspects of his work, kinds of effort to the Ukrainization of the Orthodox Church of Poland. It was proved that in the first half of the 1920’s teacher M. Bura was involved in the development of Prosvita and Volyn co-operation, and received the first experience of work in the organs of the municipality and the district self-government. In the 1930’s, sharing the idea of Ukrainian-Polish coexistence, he became one of the organizers of the Volyn Ukrainian Association, “Ridna Hata”, developed the “Prosvita’s Hut” network, worked in the “Metropolitan Petro Mohyla Society”, “Ukrainian School”, Goryn sports club, was elected to the Polish Sejm three times. Arrested and imprisoned by Soviet extrajudicial bodies in 1939. Was released as a Polish citizen and entered the Anders’ Army. After the war, he emigrated to Great Britain, and later to Canada.
W artykule przeanalizowano działalność społeczno-polityczną urodzonego w obwodzie równieńskim uczestnika pierwszej wojny światowej Mykyty Bury, wyjaśniono kulturowe oraz edukacyjne aspekty jego działalności, formy jego walki o ukrainizację Kościoła Prawosławnego w Polsce. Udowodniono, iż w pierwszej połowie lat dwudziestych pracujący jako nauczyciel M. Bura dołączył do rozwoju organizacji „Proswita” oraz spółdzielczości na Wołyniu, a także pracował w samorządach gminnych i powiatowych. W latach trzydziestych, podzielając ideę ukraińsko-polskiego współistnienia, został jednym z organizatorów Wołyńskiego Związku Ukraińskiego, „Ojczystej Chaty” (“Ridna Chata”), poszerzał sieć „Oświeceniowych Chat” (“Proswitiańska Chata”), pracował w Towarzystwie im. Metropolity Petra Mohyły, „Szkole Ukraińskiej”, klubie sportowym „Horyń”, trzy razy był posłem na Sejm polski. Aresztowany i uwięziony przez radzieckie organy pozasądowe w 1939 r. Jako polski obywatel został wypuszczony z więzienia i dołączył do armii generała Andersa. Po zakończeniu wojny wyemigrował do Wielkiej Brytanii, później do Kanady.
Źródło:
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe; 2019, 40, 4; 147-158
1232-8766
Pojawia się w:
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Źródła pisane i archeologia: przykład Góry Katedralnej w Chełmie
Autorzy:
Buko, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/602413.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
archaeology
Galich-Volyn Duchy
Galich-Volyn Chronicle
residential complex
Danylo Romanovich
Cathedral Hill in Chełm
archeologia
księstwo halicko-wołyńskie
kronika halicko-wołyńska
Daniel Romanowicz
zespół rezydencjonalny
Góra Katedralna w Chełmie
Opis:
Archaeologists examining the residence of Daniel Romanovych on Cathedral Hill in Chełm (thirteenth century) enjoy a noteworthy opportunity to compare excavations with the text of Kronika halicko-wołyńska (The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle). It is highly probable that at least some of the descriptions of places and objects in the Chronicle could have been first-hand. For a researcher who does not specialise in a critical analysis of text sources such a confrontation of chronicle records with archaeological discoveries becomes, therefore, an exciting challenge. The article discusses the dilemmas of an archaeologist who, with assorted categories of data at his disposal, tries to confront them with a chronicler’s account.The text of the chronicle provides interesting information concerning the location of the town of Chełm, elements of the development of Cathedral Hill, including the town-castle centre situated here, some churches and secular elements of monumental architecture, the town fire recorded in the chronicle in 1256, as well as a mysterious tower standing in the urban area, the town’s demographic and ethno-cultural structure, and the occupation of its residents at the time of Daniel.It has been noted that the chronicle lacks references to several essential elements confirmed in the outcome of archaeological studies. The shape of the ducal residence remains an important unsolved enigma. The chronicle also does not discuss the construction catastrophe that probably took place in the course of building the circumferential wall of the residence. Another noteworthy feature is the written source’s silence concerning the third tower (bergfried) erected in nearby Stołpie. This omission is particularly strange considering that in accordance with the results of the conducted research the tower could have been the first monumental building raised in the land of Chełm already during the period of Roman Romanovych and redesigned at the time of Daniel. It thus remains a mystery why such a characteristic and unique defensive-sacral edifice, located in the fore-field of the ducal residential complex and highly untypical for this part of Europe, was relegated to the sidelines of the chronicler’s interest.In other instances, the text of Kronika halicko-wołyńska makes it possible to confront the written record with archaeological findings. Upon numerous occasions the concurrence of the written accounts with the outcome of the excavations does not give rise to doubt. Nonetheless, in reference to the ducal residence the author of the chronicle mentioned a number of selected details of interest to him, but neglected to include data about its forms and spatial features.It is highly likely that many of the above-listed unidentified facts could be determined by expanding the range of studies. We still do not have information about the northern part of Cathedral Hill or whether the basilica located in the southern part stood within the stronghold or the town district. The solution of those issues, and many similar problems, remains an essential task for the next future.
Archeolodzy badający zabudowę rezydencjonalną Daniela Romanowicza na Górze Katedralnej w Chełmie (XIII w.) mają godną uwagi płaszczyznę porównań dokonywanych odkryć z tekstem Kroniki halicko-wołyńskiej. Jest wysoce prawdopodobne, że przynajmniej niektóre spośród zamieszczonych w Kronice opisów miejsc i obiektów pochodzić mogą z pierwszej ręki. Dla badacza, nie będącego specjalistą w zakresie krytycznej analizy tekstów źródłowych, konfrontacja zapisów kronikarskich z odkryciami archeologicznymi jest więc interesującym wyzwaniem. W artykule przedstawiono dylematy archeologa, który mając do dyspozycji różne kategorie danych, próbuje je porównywać z zapisami kronikarskimi.Tekst kroniki dostarcza interesujących danych na temat położenia miasta Chełma, elementów zabudowy Góry Katedralnej, w tym lokalizowanego tam ośrodka grodowego, niektórych świątyń i świeckich elementów zabudowy monumentalnej, pożaru miasta odnotowanego w kronice pod rokiem 1256, jak również zagadkowego wieżowego obiektu położonego w okolicach miasta, a także struktury demograficznej i etnokulturowej oraz zajęć mieszkańców miasta czasów Daniela i innych.Odnotowano, że w kronice brak jest odniesień do kilku istotnych elementów, znajdujących poświadczenie w wynikach badań archeologicznych. Wielką enigmą pozostaje kształt rezydencji książęcej. W kronice nie znajdujemy też odniesień do katastrofy budowlanej, jaka najpewniej wydarzyła się w trakcie wznoszenia muru obwodowego rezydencji. Zastanawia też milczenie źródła na temat trzeciej wieży wzniesionej w pobliskim Stołpiu. Jest to o tyle dziwne, że zgodnie z wynikami przeprowadzonych badań mógł to być pierwszy monumentalny obiekt wzniesiony na ziemi chełmskiej jeszcze w czasach Romana Romanowicza, przebudowany w czasach danielowskich. Pozostaje zatem zagadką, dlaczego tak charakterystyczny i unikatowy obiekt obronno-sakralny, znajdujący się na przedpolu książęcego zespołu rezydencjonalnego, nietypowy w tej części Europy, znalazł się na poboczu zainteresowań kronikarskich.W innych przypadkach tekst Kroniki halicko-wołyńskiej umożliwia konfrontację zapisu kronikarskiego z odkryciami archeologicznymi. Niejednokrotnie zgodność tekstu z wynikami badań nie budzi wątpliwości. Ale w odniesieniu do rezydencji książęcej autor kroniki podaje najczęściej kilka wybranych, interesujących go szczegółów, brak natomiast danych na temat jej formy i cech przestrzennych.Zapewne wiele spośród sygnalizowanych wyżej niewiadomych można będzie uściślić poprzez poszerzenie zakresu badań. Nie bardzo nadal bowiem wiadomo, jak była zagospodarowana północna część Góry Katedralnej oraz czy znajdująca się w południowej jej części bazylika była w grodzie, czy też w dzielnicy miejskiej. Rozwiązanie tych, podobnie jak i wielu innych problemów stanowi istotne zadanie dla ekipy badawczej na najbliższą przyszłość.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Historyczny; 2016, 123, 2
0023-5903
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Historyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 29

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