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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    The analysis of visual variables for use in the cartographic design of point symbols for mobile Augmented Reality applications
    Analiza zmiennych wizualnych pod kątem wykorzystania w projektowaniu znaków punktowych dla mobilnych aplikacji tworzonych w technologii Rzeczywistości Rozszerzonej
    Autorzy:
    Halik, Ł.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/145543.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    zmienne wizualne
    symbole kartograficzne
    smartfon
    visual variables
    cartographic symbols
    augmented reality
    smartphone
    Opis:
    The objective of the present deliberations was to systematise our knowledge of static visual variables used to create cartographic symbols, and also to analyse the possibility of their utilisation in the Augmented Reality (AR) applications on smartphone-type mobile devices. This was accomplished by combining the visual variables listed over the years by different researchers. Research approach was to determine the level of usefulness of particular characteristics of visual variables such as selective, associative, quantitative and order. An attempt was made to provide an overview of static visual variables and to describe the AR system which is a new paradigm of the user interface. Changing the approach to the presentation of point objects is caused by applying different perspective in the observation of objects (egocentric view) than it is done on traditional analogue maps (geocentric view). Presented topics will refer to the fast-developing field of cartography, namely mobile cartography. Particular emphasis will be put on smartphone-type mobile devices and their applicability in the process of designing cartographic symbols.
    Celem artykułu było usystematyzowanie wiedzy na temat statycznych zmiennych wizualnych, które są kluczowymi składnikami budującymi sygnatury kartograficzne. Podjęto próbę zestawienia zmiennych wizualnych wyodrębnionych przez kartografów na przestrzeni ostatnich pięćdziesięciu lat, zaczynając od klasyfikacji przedstawionej przez J. Bertin’a. Dokonano analizy stopnia użyteczności poszczególnych zmiennych graficznych w aspekcie ich wykorzystania w projektowaniu znaków punktowych dla mobilnych aplikacji tworzonych w technologii Rzeczywistości Rozszerzonej (Augmented Reality). Zmienne poddano analizie pod względem czterech charakterystyk: selektywności, skojarzeniowości, odzwierciedlenia ilości oraz porządku. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na odmienne zastosowanie perspektywy pomiędzy tradycyjnymi analogowymi mapami (geocentryczność) a aplikacjami tworzonymi w technologii Rozszerzonej Rzeczywistości (egocentryczność). Treści prezentowane w pracy dotyczą szybko rozwijającej się gałęzi kartografii - kartografii mobilnej. Dodatkowy nacisk położony został na próbę implementacji założeń projektowania punktowych znaków kartograficznych na urządzenia mobilne typu smartphone.
    Źródło:
    Geodesy and Cartography; 2012, 61, 1; 19-30
    2080-6736
    2300-2581
    Pojawia się w:
    Geodesy and Cartography
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Relacje semiotyczne w odniesieniu do kartografii
    Semiotic relations in cartography
    Autorzy:
    Ostrowski, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204175.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
    Tematy:
    semiotyka
    semiotyka kartograficzna
    semantyka kartograficzna
    pragmatyka kartograficzna
    syntaktyka kartograficzna
    język mapy
    teoria języka mapy
    zmienne wizualne
    semiotics
    cartographic semiotics
    cartographic semantics
    cartographic pragmatics
    cartographic syntax
    language of maps
    map language theory
    visual variables
    Opis:
    W artykule podjęto próbę spojrzenia na najważniejsze problemy kartografii z punktu widzenia trzech działów semiotyki kartograficznej: semantyki, pragmatyki i syntaktyki. Wskazano też na podstawową różnicę, niedocenianą w pełni przez przedstawicieli kierunku badawczego określanego jako teoria języka mapy, między pismem, którego struktura podporządkowana jest semantycznym aspektom wyrazów, zdań i tekstów, a prezentacją kartograficzną będącą przede wszystkim przestrzennym modelem i obrazem. Ta specyfika mapy powinna być uwzględniana przy określaniu zakresu zainteresowań semiotyki kartograficznej, w szczególności semantyki i syntaktyki.
    Semiotics is a science dealing with ways in which signs and sign systems function as tools of communication. It has developed on the basis of linguistics, treated by its author F. Saussure as the most important part of semiotics. Semiotics can be divided into three branches: semantics, dealing with relations between signs and reality (especially the meaning of signs), pragmatics, which explores relations between signs and their users, and syntactics, which analyzes formal relations among signs within the system. Cartographic semiotics, whose acknowledged author is J. Bertin (1967), treats the map as both a special sign system and a model, whose aim is to visually and realistically present geographical space. Mirroring the three branches of semiotics, the cartographic semiotics includes: cartographic semantics (relations between signs and the objects they represent), cartographic pragmatics (map functions and relations between the map and its author and user) and cartographic syntactics (structure and rules of creating cartographic signs). There has evolved in cartographic semiotics a trend named theory of map language. It draws attention to the fact that there are many similarities between natural language and cartographic presentation. That is why its representatives use linguistic terminology to analyze cartographic sign systems. However, there exists one main structural difference between natural language (writing) and cartographic presentation. The map is not only a system of signs, but it is mainly a spatial model and a specialized image in measurable and clear characterization of space. This special character of cartographic presentation in comparison to natural language causes the object of interest of cartographic semantics (also of syntactics to a lesser degree) to be a lot different from the nature of semantics and syntactics in linguistic semiotics. The object of interest of cartographic semantics is the qualities of the map as a spatial model of geographic reality, whose main aim is to show various kinds of space features and relations. That is why map spatial structure should be the main object of interest of cartographic semantics along with the semantic scope of notions represented by the signs used on the map. Cartographic syntactics, as opposed to syntactics of natural language, mainly deals with the graphic form of the map. Taking into consideration these basic differences between cartographic presentation and natural language it is easier to decide which problems of scientific cartography can be included in the three already mentioned branches of cartographic semiotics. The object of interest of cartographic semantics is firstly the modeling of geographic space through transforming it into map space (defined by scale, mapping and way of shadowing), and secondly the modeling of object and phenomena attributes (creating a notion model). Kinds of attributes (quality, quantity) as well as the spatial reference of presented objects (point, line or area) became the basis for classifying and defining particular methods of cartographic presentation. That is why cartographic methodology can be included within the interest range of cartographic semantics. So can generalization, which is the essence of modeling both space and attributes of presented objects. Cartographic pragmatics is mainly interested in the research of map and its graphic elements perception within the scope of a research trend known as cognitive cartography. There appear more and more often research and analyses, in which maps are seen in a wider historical context as products of civilization progress as well as an image of the knowledge level and mentality of the epoch in which they were created. Cartographic pragmatics also includes works which analyze the functions played by maps, including expressive functions used in advertising and propaganda. Appropriate construction of map legend can be included in both cartographic pragmatics and semantics. With relation to authors of maps, cartographic pragmatics deals with such issues as copyright, the organization and technology of map production and educating map editors. The object of study of cartographic syntactics is the graphic form of maps, while the best known and most discussed issue here is visual variables created by J. Bertin. Cartographic syntactics should not only deal with visual variables, which show attributes of presented objects, but also with spatial variables, whose scope of application depends on whether the signs are points, lines or area. This branch of cartographic semiotics also includes rules of map graphic design. Semiotic approach is of special significance in the analysis of presentations, because comparison of different means of expression and the way they interact calls for a wider semiotic approach. This approach is especially important in the organization of inter-operational spatial data bases, which requires their comprehensive semantic analysis.
    Źródło:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2013, T. 45, nr 1, 1; 5-14
    0324-8321
    Pojawia się w:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Visual features of cartographic representation in map perceptron
    Autorzy:
    Żyszkowska, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/92472.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Oddział Kartograficzny Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
    Tematy:
    perception
    visual system
    graphic variables
    visual primitives
    Opis:
    The author describes the properties and mechanisms of visual perception in the context of their significance to the principles of symbol design as used in cartography. Map perception relies on the process of visual perception. Therefore, the knowledge of its inner workings in the map environment allows cartographers to construct cartographic symbols in agreement with the properties of the visual system. Visual perception involves neurosensory processes taking place between the eye and the short-term memory. As such, they operate independently of the beholder’s consciousness and significantly influence the information received by the map user. The author discusses the mechanisms of human vision and the nature of the process of visual perception. It also shows the relationships between the image characteristic and the visual system’s properties such as the optical resolution, visual adaptation, reactions of inhibition and reinforcement, reactions to the image characteristics - as well as the phenomena of contrast, grouping and spatial arrangement. The principles of constructing map symbols that have been developed in the long course of cartography, and based mostly on the map makers’ intuition, find validation in the light of properties and mechanisms of visual perception. As discussed in the paper, the fundamental properties and basic mechanisms of human vision support the view that knowledge of how the visual system works provides foundation for articulating new mapping guidelines and cartographers’ calls for stricter observance of cartographic principles are fully justified.
    Źródło:
    Polish Cartographical Review; 2016, 48, 1; 5-15
    2450-6974
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Cartographical Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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