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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    From conformance to performance? A comparative analysis of the European Union territorial policy trends in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Autorzy:
    Peric, Ana
    Trkulja, Sinisa
    Zivanovic, Zora
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2033932.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    territorial development
    spatial planning
    vertical coordination
    multi-sectorial cooperation
    multidisciplinary cooperation
    Western Balkans
    Opis:
    As several Western Balkans countries aspire to become members of the European Union (EU) in the (near) future, it is interesting to explore to what extent EU territorial trends are adopted in both the official national regulations and spatial planning practice. To do so, we: 1) screen EU territorial policies to elucidate the trends and principles of territorial development, 2) analyse the contents of spatial plans in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and 3) compare the practical application of the principles such as decentralisation, diffusion of power, subsidiarity, multi-actorship, synergy, transparency, citizen participation, coordinated action (among various disciplinary bodies), and holistic strategies. The findings show the ineffectiveness of declaratively adopted EU territorial trends against place-based territorial policy approaches.
    Źródło:
    European Spatial Research and Policy; 2021, 28, 2; 21-41
    1231-1952
    1896-1525
    Pojawia się w:
    European Spatial Research and Policy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    THE HOLD-UP PROBLEM IN AGRICULTURAL CONTRACTS. A STUDY OF CONTRACTUAL CORRELATIONS BETWEEN POLISH GROUPS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS AND FIRST RECIPIENTS
    Autorzy:
    Dominika, Malchar-Michalska,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/898099.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-02-20
    Wydawca:
    Kujawsko-Pomorska Szkoła Wyższa w Bydgoszczy
    Tematy:
    contracts farming
    vertical transaction coordination
    hold-up problem
    agricultural producers’ organizations
    Opis:
    The pre- and post-hold-up problem occurs when partners behave in opportunistic way, contracts are incomplete and there are requirements to invest in assets (both specific and general ones). The most exposed to this issue are farmers having weaker market position than their partners or when there is a significantly lower level of horizontal integration among them. The primary purpose of the paper is twofold. The first goal is to identify farming contracts related to investments in assets (the post-contractual hold-up problem), while the second one is to recognise these agricultural producers’ groups in Poland, which were exposed to the pre-contractual hold-up problem. To complete these research goals the case study method, based on empirical data, was applied. The analysis of data was carried out through descriptive statistics and the chi-square test. One can claim that the post-contractual hold-up problem may have occurred in ca. 42% of total contracts. The research proves also that approximately 31% of agricultural producer’ groups have never been exposed to the pre-contractual hold-up problem.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Ekonomiczne Kujawsko-Pomorskiej Szkoły Wyższej w Bydgoszczy; 2018, -(11); 323-336
    1899-9573
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Ekonomiczne Kujawsko-Pomorskiej Szkoły Wyższej w Bydgoszczy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Polish Antitrust Experience with Hub-and-Spoke Conspiracies
    Autorzy:
    Bolecki, Antoni
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530181.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-11-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    hub-and-spoke
    AtoBtoC coordination
    exchange of information
    vertical restraints
    RPM
    horizontal effect
    standard of proof
    duration of an agreement
    initiator
    Opis:
    A hub-and-spoke conspiracy involves an exchange of confidential information primarily concerning future prices. The exchange takes place generally between competing distributors via a common supplier but a reverse relationship is also possible. The essence of hub-and-spoke lies in the fact that there is no direct contact between competitors – the party guaranteeing the information flow is normally the common supplier (distributor in a reverse scenario). A hub-and-spoke conspiracy was first identified and specifically described by the British Office of Fair Trade in 2003. There are currently several pending investigations concerning hub-and-spoke practices in a number of EU Member States including Germany, France, Italy and the UK. Three cases of that type have been so far assessed in the Polish antitrust practice: Polifarb Cieszyn Wrocław (2007), Tikurilla (2010) and Akzo Nobel (2010). The main objective of this article is the reconstruction of hub-and-spoke conduct in Poland. Commented will also be issues such as: the connection between hub-and-spoke practices and ‘classic’ retail price maintenance; standard of proof, and duration of the agreements.
    La pratique de “hub-and-spoke” implique une échange d’information confidentielle, surtout celle concernant les prix envisagés. De façon générale, l’échange a lieu entre les distributeurs concurrents, au travers d’un fournisseur commun, mais une relation inverse est aussi possible. Le système de “hub-and-spoke” est fondé sur le fait qu’il n’y a pas de contact direct entre les concurrents – le flux d’information est garanti par le fournisseur commun (distributeur dans un scénario inverse). Trois cas de ce type ont été jugés dans la pratique antitrust polonaise: Polifarb Cieszyn Wrocław (2007), Tikurilla (2010) et Akzo Nobel (2010). Le but principal de cet article est de reconstruire la pratique de “hub-and-spoke” en Pologne. Autre questions, notamment la relation entre les pratiques de hub-and-spoke” et les prix de revente imposés, le standard de la preuve et la durée des accords, seront commentées.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2011, 4(5); 25-46
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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