- Tytuł:
-
Analiza ekonomiczna w zagadnieniach ochrony środowiska
Economic analysis in environmental protection issues - Autorzy:
- Szkarowski, A.
- Powiązania:
- https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1826146.pdf
- Data publikacji:
- 2005
- Wydawca:
- Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
- Tematy:
-
ochrona środowiska
zanieczyszczenie atmosfery
uszczerbek ekologiczny - Opis:
-
Efektywne zarządzanie każdym przedsięwzięciem przewiduje optymalne adresowe wykorzystanie inwestycji z maksymalnie osiągalnym wynikiem. W przypadku działalności z zakresu ochrony środowiska chodzi o maksymalnym efekcie uzdrowienia powietrza, wód lub gleby w skali terenu rolniczego czy krajobrazowego, obszaru zabudowanego, rejonu lub całego miasta. Podstawy opracowanej przez autora analizy energo-ekologicznej dają możliwość w bardzo wiarygodny sposób ustalić priorytetowe substancje szkodliwe, źródła ich emisji oraz tereny najbardziej stosowne do skierowania na nie inwestycji na cele wdrażania technologii ochrony środowiska . Dalszy sukces projektu zapewnia się dokładnością o dogłębnością techniczno-ekonomicznego etapu analizy. Opracowane dotychczas kryteria i wskaźniki ekonomicznej efektywności technologii ochrony środowiska i oszczędzania zasobów naturalnych pozwalają, przy zastosowaniu zasad wspomnianej wyżej analizy energo-ekologicznej, przystąpić do kształtowania uniwersalnych podstaw określania tej efektywności. Chociaż autor zajmuje się głównie zagadnieniami ochrony atmosfery, wyprowadzone z wyników wieloletnich badań wnioski i opracowane metody obliczeń są uniwersalne dla całej gamy zagadnień z zakresu ochrony środowiska.
Effective control of each project provides for the optimum address use of investments with a maximally attainable effect. In the environment protection activity the discussion deals with the effect of the sanitation of air, water and soil. The scales of sanitation can relate to the urban or agricultural territory, the landscapes and the places of leisure and treatment of people. Three groups of factors, which determine the value of the ecological damage, usually are separated: the factors of perception, influence and state. In this case the indissoluble connection between these groups of factors usually only is proclaimed. The principles of energy-ecological analysis allowed the author, without disrupting traditional structure, to supplement with its new key group of factors, named the factors of reciprocal effect. These factors determine: the energy-ecological perfection of the environment protection technology, the technological level of industry, the stimulating (or vice versa - braking) action of legislation in the sphere of the protection of health and environment, the cultural and educational level of the populations, the economical stimulus of ecological activity, etc. On this basis the schematic of the mechanism of the ecological damage forma-tion as a result of anthropogenic destructive action on the environment was improved. This diagram provides that reduction in the unfavorable influence on nature and man is achieved not only by means of direct reduction in the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere from the group of the factors of influence. Through the factors of reciprocal effect into the process of the sanitation of the people living environment actively are implicated very factors of perception (level of the neutralization and utilization technology, the ecological education of population), and also factors of state (legislation and normative base, the economic stimulation of expenditures for ecology and the like.) The procedure of the determination of the economic equivalents of the natural damages, applied to environment, is in detail represented in the article (formulas (1)-(6), fig. 2). Particular damages then were series-connected in the procedure of the estimation of complex ecological damage (formulas (7)-(16)). To the task of the negative environmental effect minimization on scales of the territory in question as to any other optimization task, can be attached the regular form of the task of linear programming. In this case the actual nonlinearity of task does not have fundamental value. First, the bend of hyperspace in the version of nonlinear programming is a simple increase in the dimensionality of task. This, undoubtedly, reflects entire complexity of the physical, biological, economic and a social process, united under limitation system, but does not change the internal discrepancy of task itself. In the second place, in the time interval of the solution of the specific objec-tives of environment protection the linearization of the limitation function is not problematic. Errors appearing in this case are plotted in a general error in the method itself. In spite of the high reliability of the results of the functional-cost stage of energy-ecological optimization, it is necessary to warn against the absolute acceptance to the introduction of version with the maximum economic effect. The prospective technology is necessary for checking up scrupulously from the point of view of possible negative consequences in all in the most complicated image the connected planes of its influence. The decline of productivity of a technological line displaced in time, additional consumption of fuel, energy, air and reagents, passing pollution of other environments can be observed. All this can bring to nothing the achieved effect At a stage of definition of priority harmful substances computer methods give rather reliable result. But the establishment of sources of pollution and especially the feasibility report on nature protection technology still will long demand participation of alive engineering idea in this process. - Źródło:
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Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2005, Tom 7; 205-218
1506-218X - Pojawia się w:
- Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
- Dostawca treści:
- Biblioteka Nauki
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