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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    Zastosowanie procesów fizykochemicznych do usuwania zanieczyszczeń z eksploatowanych samochodowych płynów chłodzących
    Application of the physic-chemical processes for the removal of contamination from used automotive cooling liquids
    Autorzy:
    Molenda, J.
    Sadowski, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/257275.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Eksploatacji - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    samochoód
    płyn chłodzący
    roztwor wodno-glikolowy
    właściwości użytkowe
    oczyszczanie
    eksploatacja ekologiczna
    car
    automotive cooling liquid
    glycol-water solution
    functional properties
    purification
    ecological use
    Opis:
    W artykule przedstawiono rezultaty prac w zakresie recyklingu samochodowych płynów chłodzących. Celem pracy był dobór odpowiednich operacji jednostkowych, które zestawione w sekwencję technologiczną pozwoliły na efektywne usunięcie zanieczyszczeń z wyeksploatowanych samochodowych płynów chłodzących, a tym samym wydłużenie ich cyklu życia i ograniczenie balastu odpadów obciążających środowisko naturalne. Najlepsze efekty uzyskano podczas oczyszczania eksploatowanych samochodowych płynów chłodzących na drodze wirowania i mikrofiltracji oraz sorpcji. Przeprowadzone badania instrumentalne oczyszczonych produktów, zrealizowane technikami spektralnymi (EDS, XRF, FTIR), wykazały skuteczność zastosowanych metod w usuwaniu zarówno zanieczyszczeń stałych, jak też rozpuszczalnych w kompozycjach wodno-glikolowych.
    The paper presents the results of the research concerning the recycling of automotive cooling liquids. It indicates the means of reusing purified liquids in automotive cooling systems or applying them as components of new liquids. This work aims at the selection of suitable unit operations leading to effective removal of the contamination. Such activity promotes the limitation of pollutants in the natural environment. The best results were obtained during centrifugation, microfiltration and sorption of used automotive cooling liquids. Purified products were investigated by means of spectral techniques (EDS, XRF, FTIR). It has been concluded that these methods were effective in the removal of solids as well as contamination dissolved in glycol-water compositions.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Eksploatacji; 2008, 2; 105-114
    1232-9312
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Eksploatacji
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Detonation Properties of Mixtures of Ammonium Nitrate Based Fertilizers and Fuels
    Autorzy:
    Buczkowski, D.
    Zygmunt, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358466.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    ammonium nitrate based fertilizers
    detonation properties
    illicit use explosives
    Opis:
    Detonation properties of mixtures of milled ammonium nitrate based fertilizers and fuels - aluminium or mineral oil - have been determined. The fertilizers used were ammonium nitrate and its compositions with mineral meal; for some compositions additional amount of mineral meal was mixed with the fertilizer. Detonation velocity, Guerney's energy and limits of detonability of such mixtures have been measured. It was examined that mixtures of mineral oil and fertilizers containing over 20% of mineral meal detonated during the tests. Mixtures of aluminium and fertilizers detonated even if concentration of mineral meal in the fertilizers was 40%.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2011, 8, 2; 99-106
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Fan sediments as indicator of gully erosion sta ges on the example of the Suwałki Lakeland (NE Poland)
    Autorzy:
    Smolska, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/295178.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Geomorfologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    gully erosion
    settlement
    fan deposits
    sediment properties
    land use
    Opis:
    Study of sediments at gullies mouths conducted in the Suwałki Lakeland (NE Poland) showed that fan sediments are significantly diversified. The changes of sediment type could be linked to forest clearance and farmland expansion. Dating and lithological properties of fan sediments allowed to determine the stages of gully erosion. The research also included studies of sediments accumulated within last 200 years in 6 small gully catchments of different degree of cultivation. Supply of the sediments derived from soil erosion to the gully fans was very limited in catchments where only 15% of the land was cultivated. This process was intensively active in catchments where cultivated land occupied 77% of the area.
    Źródło:
    Landform Analysis; 2011, 17; 177-182
    1429-799X
    Pojawia się w:
    Landform Analysis
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ rolniczego użytkowania na wybrane właściwości gleby rozwijającej się z gruntów pogórniczych KWB Konin
    Influence of Agricultural Use on Some Properties of Soils Developing from Post-Mining Grounds of Konin Brown Coal Mine
    Autorzy:
    Otremba, K.
    Gilewska, M.
    Owczarzak, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819087.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    rolnicze użytkowania
    właściwości gleby
    grunty pogórnicze
    agricultural use
    soil properties
    post-mining land
    Opis:
    An attempt was made in this investigation to determine the impact of the following four systems of soil agricultural use: not subjected to any reclamation treatment, fodder-cereal reclamation treatment, rape-cereal reclamation treatment and the so-called “conservation” treatment (permanent lucerne) on the properties of soils developing from post-mining grounds. A particular attention was paid to the properties of the humus layer of the developing soils, among them, their texture which belongs to the most important soil diagnostic features. Experiments were carried out in 2010 on the experimental field of the Department of Soil Science and Reclamation of the University of Life Sciences in Poznań. A combination without mineral fertilisation (0NPK) was established on each of the analysed use systems. In the case of the fodder-cereal and rape-cereal systems, additionally, two levels of mineral fertilisation: 1NPK – in rape-cereal system (rape: 200 kg N, 70 kg PO5, 90 kg K2O; wheat: 160 kg N, 40 kg P2O5, 80 kg K2O) and in fodder- cereal (lucerne: 170 kg N, 60 kg P2O5, 150 kg K2O; wheat: 160 kg N, 40 kg P2O5, 80 kg K2O) and 2NPK were applied. The control was post-mining ground which was not subjected to any reclamation treatment. The evaluation of changes in the selected, most important soil structure parameters was based on the original methodological solution elaborated at the Department of Soil Science and Reclamation of the University of Life Sciences in Poznań in which the basic element is a regular soil aggregate of 1 cm3 volume. The following parameters were determined for such aggregates cut out from two depths of the humus layer (7 and 15 cm): dynamic water resistance (SW), static water resistance (SW), secondary aggregation after dynamic and static water action, time of capillary rise (TKMIN), capillary minimal (VKMIN) and maximal (VKMAX) water capacity and compression strength (Rc). The above-mentioned properties were determined in 5 replications. Using methods commonly employed in soil science, the following parameters were determined: texture composition, solid phase density, bulk density and porosity, hygroscopic capacity and maximal hygroscopic capacity as well as soil reaction and carbonate, carbon and nitrogen contents. Reclamation treatments applied in the course of the past 32 years and soil-forming processes taking place under their influence led to distinct changes in the morphological structure of the examined profiles, primarily, in their surface layer. The smallest morphological changes were observed in the profile sampled from the plot with long-term lucerne cultivation (so-called “conservation”). The profiles representing the fodder-cereal use system exhibited a more advanced stadium of soil-forming processes. Their humus layer was more distinctive, with dark colour, its thickness ranged from 20 to 28 cm corresponding to the depth of the performed ploughing. Identical features and better homogeneity were observed in the case of the humus horizon developed in the rape-cereal system of agricultural use, although certain differences were recorded in profile morphology depending on the level of the applied mineral fertilisation (1NPK and 2NPK). Post-mining ground which was not subjected to any reclamation treatment was found to contain the smallest quantities of organic material – carbon and nitrogen (2.65-2.84 g kg-1). The amount of oxidisable carbon in the fodder-cereal system of agricultural use was 2.5 to 3 times higher (6.45-8.82 g kg -1) than in the untreated post-mining ground irrespective of the level of mineral fertilisation. On the other hand, the amount of carbon was more varied in the rape-cereal system of use. In the case of absence of fertilisation (0NPK), this quantity was by about 50% higher in comparison with the post-mining ground and amounted to 3.1 g.kg-1. Elevated fertilisation with 1NPK and 2NPK doses increased levels of carbon to values similar as in the fodder-cereal system. The highest quantity of carbon of about 12 g.kg-1 was recorded in the humus horizon developed on the surface representing permanent lucerne (so-called “conservation”). A distinct variability was also observed in the physical properties of soils from the examined systems of agricultural use. Untreated post-mining grounds were characterised by high bulk density (1.97–2.02 Mg m-3) and, consequently, by low general porosity (23.6 to 25.3%). In the fodder-cereal use system, soil density was found to be by about 0.30 Mg m-3 lower and porosity – by about 10% higher. In the case of the rape-cereal system of agricultural use, soil density was only by about 0.1 Mg m-3 higher and general porosity – by about 5% lower in comparison with the fodder-cereal system. Bulk density and general porosity in the so-called “conservation” system of use amounted to 1.35–1.51 Mg m-3 and 42.8–48.9%, respectively, in other words, exhibited the most advantageous values of these features from the point of view of agricultural usage. Recapitulating, it should be emphasised that widely distinguished two soil-forming factors, namely: time and human activity begin to play a dominant role in the formation of soils, especially in areas which undergo large industrial geomechanical transformations mainly as a result of open-cast mining of different minerals.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2013, Tom 15, cz. 2; 1738-1758
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modification of Linen Fabrics with Health Promoting Products and its Effect on the Use Properties of the Fabrics and Natural Environment
    Modyfikacja tkanin lnianych preparatami pro-zdrowotnymi i jej wpływ na wybrane właściwości użytkowe i środowisko naturalne człowieka
    Autorzy:
    Marszałek, R
    Binkowska, B
    Sapieja, A
    Hernik, T
    Marcinowska, B
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/234398.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Biopolimerów i Włókien Chemicznych
    Tematy:
    health promoting substances
    linen textiles
    use properties
    biodegradation
    resistance to care
    tkaniny lniane
    właściwości użytkowe
    modyfikacja tkanin lnianych
    aloes
    wosk pszczeli
    białko z jedwabiu naturalnego
    produkty prozdrowotne
    Opis:
    The study involved the determination of the effect of the modification of linen fabrics with health promoting products containing different substances such as vitamin E, beeswax and natural silk protein on the use features of the fabrics and their biodegradation. It was found that enriching linen fabrics with health promoting products contributes to the improvement of their touch, does not have a negative effect on the biodegradation process nor the whiteness degree and the modification effect is resistant to 10 cycles of care processes. The modification causes a decrease in the breaking force and thread slippage index in the stitches. However, the values obtained are in line with the requirements for linen fabrics used for clothing. The modification process also lowers the hygroscopicity, air permeability and, in some cases, water absorption as compared with fabrics before the modification.
    W ramach prowadzonych prac badawczych określono wpływ modyfikacji tkanin lnianych produktami pro-zdrowotnymi zawierającymi alternatywnie substancje typu: witaminę E, aloes, wosk pszczeli, białko z jedwabiu naturalnego, na ich właściwości użytkowe i biodegradację. Stwierdzono, że uszlachetnianie tkanin lnianych produktami pro-zdrowotnymi przyczynia się do ich korzystniejszego chwytu, nie wpływa negatywnie na przebieg procesu biodegradacji oraz stopień bieli, a efekt modyfikacji jest odporny na 10-cio krotny proces konserwacji. Proces modyfikacji powoduje obniżenie wartości siły zrywającej i pogorszenie przesuwalności nitek w szwie. Uzyskane wartości są jednak zgodne z wymaganymi dla tkanin lnianych odzieżowych. Proces modyfikacji wpływa również na obniżenie parametrów higroskopijności i przepuszczalności powietrza oraz w niektórych wariantach na obniżenie zdolności wchłaniania wody w porównaniu z tkaninami przed modyfikacją.
    Źródło:
    Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe; 2014, 6 (108); 63-68
    1230-3666
    2300-7354
    Pojawia się w:
    Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Physicochemical Properties of Soils derived from Sandstone Parent Materials under Selected Land use types at Agoi-Ibami in Central Cross River State, Nigeria
    Autorzy:
    Eyong, M. O.
    Akpa, E. A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1076791.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    Physicochemical properties
    Sandstone
    land use types
    Opis:
    Three profiles were sited on the major landscape elements of crest, middle slope and lower slope on three land uses; Forest (FS), Rubber (RS) and arable cropping (AS) at Agoi-Ibami in Central Cross River State, Nigeria. For study purposes, soil samples were collected from the morphogenetic horizons for the analysis of physical and chemical properties. Results showed that the surface horizon textures were mostly sandy loams with little sandy clay loam, while subsurface textures were mostly sandy clay loams with few silt clay loams and clays. The bulk densities were below the ranges of 1.46 to 1.63 g cm-3 for silts and clays and 1.75 g cm-3 for sands. This imposes stresses such as mechanical resistance to root penetration, decrease in cultivation and organic matter. The surface and subsurface pH values vary from 4.9–4.5 in FS, 4.9-4.6 in RS and 4.9 in AS, indicating that the soils are very strongly acidic. The Organic carbon contents was low with mean values of 4.33 and 0.6 % in surface and subsurface for FS, 2.10 and 0.50 % for surface and subsurface for RS, while surface and subsurface values proved to be 0.57 and 0.31 % for AS. The nitrogen contents was also low, mean values of 0.16 and 0.06 % for surface and subsurface for FS, 0.23 and 0.08 % for surface and subsurface for RS, and 0.19 and 0.10 % for surface and subsurface for AS. The content and available phosphorus are equally low, except for AS, with surface mean values ranging from 11.52 mg kg-1 to 13.87 mg kg-1. The exchangeable cations, Ca, Mg, K, and Na were very low, while exchangeable H+ and Al3+ were high. Base saturation was also low in FS and AS (< 50%) in surface soils, but higher in AS in the surface and in RS in the subsurface soils. The mean values of organic matter were 4.33 and 0.16 %. The land use should, therefore, be adjusted by application of recommended inorganic fertilizers and organic matter so as to support growth of crops such as maize, yams, cassava etc.
    Źródło:
    World News of Natural Sciences; 2019, 23; 1-12
    2543-5426
    Pojawia się w:
    World News of Natural Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The investigation of properties of blockboards made of post-consumer wood
    Autorzy:
    Gayda, Serhiy
    Kiyko, Orest
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2010870.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
    Tematy:
    post-consumer wood
    blockboards
    mathematical model
    physical properties
    mechanical properties
    characteristics
    strength
    recycling
    technology
    use
    Opis:
    Today in woodworking, there are problems with the use of wood waste and the accumulation of involved wood as an additional and not fully used resource. The problem has not been completely solved, as there is no scientific basis and practical recommendations for efficient production processes with predicting the properties of products made from Post-Consumer Wood (PCW), in particular in the production of blockboards (BB). The objective of the studies is to substantiate and develop a scientific and technical basis for resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies, to establish the influence patterns of PCW properties on the mechanical characteristics of the products obtained, to develop operating parameters and to formulate practical recommendations, confirmed by the results of experimental studies. The studies have proved the expediency of using PCW in technological processes of woodworking, in particular in the production of construction materials - blockboards with predicted characteristics. In order to rationally use raw materials for the manufacture of conventional blockboards made from Post-Consumer Wood (PCW-BB), new designs of a conventional PCW blockboard with a thickness of 22 mm and with a unified strip width of 16, 32, 48, and 64 mm, the strips are glued ones, 3 mm thick, and faced with plywood on both sides. The authors of the article found that in order to ensure improved operating characteristics of the blockboards, it is important to lay radial, semi-radial and tangential strips in structures with the ratio of width to thickness of the cross-sections of the strips - rationally and efficiently - 1:1, 2:1, 3:1. Substantiation on this basis of new designs of PCW blockboards makes it possible to reveal shortcomings of these products at the conceptual stage of the project and correct them before manufacturing taking into account the specified technical conditions and reducing costs at the development stage. Mathematical models for predicting the main characteristics of conventional PCW blockboards (PCW-BB) have been constructed, which made it possible to determine the indexes of the bending strength of the BB across the strips, σBB, and the shear strength of the BB along the glue line, τВВ. The coefficients of approximation of mathematical dependencies for predicting the strength of PCW-BBs, the strips of which were made of fir wood, were calculated, which would allow for the selection of rational designs of blockboards with appropriate characteristics. It has been established that the developed mathematical models make it possible to predict the characteristics of the PCW-BB depending on the cross-sectional dimensions of the strips, the angle of the annual rings slope to the blockboard face and the age of the PCW, and, on this basis, to propose improved designs of these blockboards for the technological processes of woodworking. The influence patterns of the properties of structural elements on the indicators of conventional PCW-BB (500 × 500 × 22 mm) were experimentally established. It was found that an increase in the width of the strips leads to a decrease in the strength indexes (by 29-37%); an increase in the angle of the annual rings slope to the BB face leads to an increase in static bending strength (by 31-33%) but to a decrease in shear strength (by 4-7%); an increase in the age of the PCW leads to a decrease in strength indexes (by 3-8%). It was found that the physical and mechanical parameters of the experimental PCW-BBs with a strip cross-sections of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 meet the requirements of the standard (larger values: for static bending of a rate of 15 MPa and for shearing at a rate of 1 MPa), and for the 4:1 cross- -section, they partially had lower indexes by 2-3%. To ensure the strength of the developed structures of the PCW-BBs, it is recommended to use the 3:1 ratio of the sides in the cross-section of the strips, and the slope of the annual rings to the blockboard face must be at least 45o. It was found that the deviation of the values obtained by mathematical models in determining the strength in static bending and shearing in comparison with the experimental ones did not exceed 8% and 10%, respectively.
    Źródło:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2020, 63, 206; 77-102
    1644-3985
    Pojawia się w:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Impact of tractor wheels on physical properties of different soil types and the irrigation efficiency of the furrow irrigation method
    Autorzy:
    Vistro, Rahim Bux
    Talpur, Mashooque Ali
    Shaikh, Irfan Ahmed
    Mangrio, Munir Ahmed
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073733.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
    Tematy:
    furrow storage efficiency
    ridge storage efficiency
    irrigation methods
    soil physical properties
    tractor wheel trafficking
    water use efficiency
    Opis:
    In furrow irrigation, the maximum lateral movement of water in ridges is more desirable than the vertical downward movement. This can be achieved by compacting the furrows. Thus, the study examines the impact on furrow soil compaction by tractor wheel trafficking during mechanical operations in the different soil types. In this experiment, the three-wheel tractor compaction includes: 1) control (no soil compaction), 2) compaction through 3-wheel tractor passes, and 3) compaction through 6-wheel passes under three different soil textural classes such as: clay loam, silty clay loam and silty loam soils. The impact of various treatments on clay loam, silty clay loam, and silty loam under 3- and 6-wheel passes showed increased bulk density (7–12%), field capacity (9–19%), ridge storage efficiency (35–38%), water use efficiency (16–20.5%) and decreased soil porosity (7–16%), infiltration (8–20%), and furrow storage efficiency (28–41%) over the control. This study shows comparable results of 6-passes with other studies in which more than 6-passes were used to compact the soil. This study suggested that farmers can maximise water use efficiency by compacting their furrows using 6-passes tractor trafficking.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Water and Land Development; 2022, 52; 166--171
    1429-7426
    2083-4535
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Water and Land Development
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Study of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Post-Consumer Wood of Different Age
    Autorzy:
    Gayda, Serhiy
    Kiyko, Orest
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27323548.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Drewna
    Tematy:
    post-consumer wood
    physical properties
    mechanical properties
    characteristics
    strength
    recycling
    technology
    use
    Opis:
    It should be noted that there is currently a problem with wood resources in the woodworking industry. A potential, unused wood reserve is post-consumer wood (PCW). The problem with the quality of this wood resource has not been fully resolved since there is no regulatory database. In fact, there is a lack of appropriate regulatory documents, which makes it impossible to describe to a full extent the physical and mechanical properties of PCW of common wood species of different ages as a source of additional raw materials for various woodworking technologies. Proceeding from the goal, the task of the study is to describe the physical and mechanical properties of postconsumer wood using the example of fir wood, which for a long period of time has been used to create furniture and joinery products. The task is also to identify patterns of change in the indicators of this resource with age – an expired service life or suitability. In order to use PCW in woodworking and to fill the scientific base with physical and mechanical indicators of fir wood of different ages with an expired product service life, the following characteristics were investigated: static hardness, swelling, coefficients of swelling, the value of transverse anisotropy, density, static bending strength, splitting strength along the fibers, modulus of elasticity in compression, and the modulus of elasticity in static bending. The characteristics of PCW of the widespread fir species in the range of use from 0 to 20 years were explored, with intermediate control over the properties every 5 years. The dynamics of the physical and mechanical indicators of fir PCW were revealed and it was found that in the course of operation time in various conditions they change, mainly decreasingly: static hardness by 9.2-9.6%; the value of transverse anisotropy by 30-32%; strength: static bending strength by 3.4-7.95%, splitting strength by 4.49-8.67%; modulus of elasticity: in compression by 3.89-4.08%, in bending by 2.75-6.64%. The main causes of changes in the properties of PCW with age: natural: weathering, partial internal rot, insect damage, other biological effects; mechanical: splitting, scratches, small holes from means of fastening and other defects due to use; operational: the influence of power and dynamic loads, the influence of surface finishing agents and other factors on the structural elements of wood products. A summary table was compiled for the selection of indicators of the physical and mechanical properties of fir PCW of different ages. When knowing the indicators and dynamics of the physical and mechanical properties of PCW with age, it can be recommended for manufacturing structural materials – blockboards and furniture panels.
    Źródło:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty; 2023, 66, 212; Art. no. 177453
    1644-3985
    Pojawia się w:
    Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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