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Tytuł:
The future development of unmanned air vehicles
Autorzy:
Andrzejewski-Popow, Ł.
Kotas, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247829.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
autonomy
manned
unmanned
unmanned aerial systems
unmanned aerial vehicles
Opis:
This article introduces the synthetic material for future Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). The issues raised in it mainly concern the autonomy of these systems, applied design, propulsion systems, equipment and development trends in the UAS market. In addition, it presents global trends regarding methods of use, application and use of Unmanned Aerial Systems. Observing the growing realm of UAV in military actions it is expected to be the development of autonomous platforms implementing transport and combat missions. Increasingly used UAV platforms in military action jointly with manned platforms (mix formation) and in mixed formations of unmanned (UAV swarms differently equipped). Usage of unmanned aircraft in the civil sphere is very extensive and includes rescue operations – coordination and support, research – geodetic and cartographic, environmental protection, agriculture – monitoring of farmlands, natural resources, system warning of natural disasters; monitoring traffic – map navigation system; taking pictures and videos; data transfer.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 4; 15-20
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Possibilities of the armed forces of the Republic of Poland using unmanned aircraft systems
Autorzy:
Kompała, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576263.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-09-30
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
aviation
unmanned aerial vehicles
unmanned aircraft systems
Opis:
The use of unmanned aircraft systems by the armed forces is currently an area of interest to many foreign and domestic experts, mainly due to the characteristics and properties of these systems. Amorphous battlefields, as well as dynamism, where efforts force the need for combat measures which are capable of carrying out the highest risk missions, are limiting the risk of losing personnel in manned aircraft. Due to the fact that the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland are involved in several operations outside the country, and the fact that a modern and strong army must also consist of modern armed forces, there seems to be a desire to acquire the latest technological achievements – unmanned aircraft systems. This publication discusses the possibility of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland. using unmanned aircraft systems.
Źródło:
Security and Defence Quarterly; 2014, 4, 3; 120-135
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:
Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Operational and technological directions for unmanned aircraft systems development
Autorzy:
Polak, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576329.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-03-20
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
Unmanned Aerial System
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
autonomy
Opis:
Unmanned Aircraft Systems are continuously delivering new and enhanced battlefield capabilities to the military sphere. While the demand for unmanned systems remains at a relatively high level, it is expected that a number of operational and technological factors will further influence unmanned program development in the nearest future. The purpose of this paper is to articulate a vision for the continued development of unmanned systems technology across military applications. This article establishes a technological and an operational vision for the next 25 years and outlines actions and technologies for military experts and industry to pursue to efficiently align with this vision.
Źródło:
Security and Defence Quarterly; 2018, 18, 1; 57-74
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:
Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Towards the Development of a Risk Model for Unmanned Vessels Design and Operations
Autorzy:
Wróbel, K.
Krata, P.
Montewka, J.
Hinz, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117466.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
modelling of maritime operations
risk model
unmanned vessel
unmanned vessels design
unmanned vessels operations
hazard analysis
unmanned ship
risk analysis
Opis:
An unmanned merchant vessel seems to be escaping from the stage of idea exploration. Once the concept proofs its safety, it may become a part of maritime reality. Although the safety aspect of such a ship has been addressed by a handful of scholars, the problem remains open. This is mainly due to lack of knowledge regarding actual operational circumstances and design of unmanned ships, which are yet to be developed. In the attempt of bridging this gap, the risk analysis associated with unmanned ships needs to be carried out, where all relevant hazards and consequences are assessed and quantified in systematic manner. In this paper we present the results of a first step of such analysis, namely the hazard analysis associated with the unmanned ships. The list of hazards covers various aspects of unmanned shipping originating from both design and operational phases of vessel’s life. Subsequently the hazards and related consequences are organized in a casual manner, resulting in the development of a structure of a risk model.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2016, 10, 2; 267-274
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of drones in protection of state border
Autorzy:
Adamski, M.
Mieżaniec, J.
Adamski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242649.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
flying platform
drone
unmanned
UAV
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
fly eye
Border Guard
operator
Opis:
An unmanned aerial vehicle is a flying apparatus that does not require a crewmember on board to complete a task. Its piloting is done by means of indirect control. UAVs also have the ability to perform autonomous flight on a pre-programmed flight path. The purpose of the study was to use the unmanned aircraft "Fly Eye" by WB Electronic used by the Border Guard to patrol the state border in 103 TRA zone on the section of the Republic of Poland with the Kaliningrad District of the Russian Federation. The TRA zones constitute a specially designated area for the use of the Border Guard and the army, in order to carry out flights there beyond the scope of the pattern for training purposes and to patrol the state border. The article also contains information of the Border Guard formation and the characteristics of the unmanned aerial vehicle “FlyEye”. In order to ensure the safety of the UAV flight, the test was carried out in the TRA zone, which is used for special use for the Border Guard formation and the army.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 4; 9-15
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Military Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles – A Historical Study
Autorzy:
Kozera, Cyprian Aleksander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/466176.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06-30
Wydawca:
Centrum Rzeczoznawstwa Budowlanego Sp. z o.o.
Tematy:
Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles
UCAV
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
UAV
Drones
Opis:
The following study is devoted to the phenomenon of unmanned aerial vehicles used throughout known history on the battlefield or for military purposes. The purpose of the following text is to familiarise the reader with an overview with the contemporary and historical employment of the unmanned vehicles on the battlefield. The study also aims to show that the concept of unmanned combat vehicles, also unmanned aerial combat vehicles, is far more ancient than is it is widely known. The article is based on theoretical research methods, mostly multinational academic literature. The author starts with an introduction on the role of limiting soldiers’ fatalities and the concept of removing military men from the battleground. Then, the author presents known examples of using unmanned ships in battles from Thucydides’ times to the invention of the Hell-burner of Antwerp. Further, the case of first unmanned combat aerial vehicle is presented, the bombing balloons from the nineteenth century, followed by a more contemporary study of the military use of unmanned aircrafts. The article is concluded with an analysis of the present employment of drones when they tend to substitute manned aircrafts on various occasions, especially when a mission is deemed “dull, dirty or dangerous”.
Źródło:
Safety & Defense; 2018, 4(1), 1; 17-21
2450-551X
Pojawia się w:
Safety & Defense
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Możliwości zastosowania bezzałogowych pojazdów wojskowych w misjach poza granicami kraju
Possibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles in military missions abroad
Autorzy:
Dorczuk, M.
Sosnowicz, R.
Wachowiak, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/347679.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Akademia Wojsk Lądowych imienia generała Tadeusza Kościuszki
Tematy:
pojazdy bezzałogowe lądowe
bezzałogowe platformy bojowe
bezzałogowe platformy wsparcia inżynieryjno-rozpoznawczego
bezzałogowe platformy transportowe
makiety bezzałogowe
unmanned ground vehicles
unmanned combat platforms
unmanned engineering and reconnaissance support platforms
unmanned transport platforms
unmanned models
Opis:
Praca przedstawia wyniki analiz dotyczących potrzeb zastosowania bezzałogowego pojazdu w Siłach Zbrojnych RP. Zaprezentowano przykładowe obszary wykorzystania w/w pojazdu. Określono zakres misji wojskowych realizowanych przy jego wykorzystaniu.
The article presents the results of studies on the needs of the application of an unmanned vehicle in the Polish Armed Forces. It also discusses some sample uses of the said vehicle. In addition, the authors define the scope of military missions carried out when using it.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki; 2011, 3; 316-322
1731-8157
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Shoreline extraction based on LiDAR data obtained using an USV
Autorzy:
Halicki, A.
Specht, M.
Stateczny, A.
Specht, C.
Lewicka, O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201469.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
shoreline
LiDAR
laser scanning
Unmanned Surface Vessel
unmanned vehicles
hydrography
geodesy
Opis:
This article explores the use of Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) derived point clouds to extract the shoreline of the Lake Kłodno (Poland), based on their geometry properties. The data collection was performed using the Velodyne VLP-16 laser scanner, which was mounted on the HydroDron Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV). A modified version of the shoreline extraction method proposed by Xu et al. was employed, comprising of the following steps: (1) classifying the point cloud using the Euclidean cluster extraction with a tolerance parameter of 1 m and min. cluster size of 10,000 points, (2) further filtration of boundary points by removing those with height above 1 m from the measured elevation of water surface, (3) manual determination of a curve consisting of 5 points located along the entire shoreline extraction region at a relatively constant distant from the coast, (4) removal of points that are further from the curve than the average distance, repeated twice. The method was tested on the scanned section of the lake shoreline for which Ground Control Points (GCP) were measured using a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Real Time Kinematic (RTK) receiver. Then, the results were compared to the ground truth data, obtaining an average position error of 2.12 m with a standard deviation of 1.11 m. The max error was 5.54 m, while the min. error was 0.41 m, all calculated on 281 extracted shoreline points. Despite the limitations of this parametric, semi-supervised approach, those preliminary results demonstrate the potential for accurate shoreline extraction based on LiDAR data obtained using an USV. Further testing and optimisation of this method for larger scale and better generalisation for different waterbodies are necessary to fully assess its effectiveness and feasibility. In this context, it is essential to develop computationally efficient methods for approximating shorelines that can accurately determine their course based on a set of points.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2023, 17, 2; 445--453
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unmanned surface vehicles in maritime critical infrastructure protection applications — LNG terminal in Świnoujście
Wykorzystanie bezzałogowych jednostek nawodnych w ochronie morskich obiektów infrastruktury krytycznej — na przykładzie terminala LNG w Świnoujściu
Autorzy:
Miętkiewicz, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223238.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Dowodzenia i Operacji Morskich
Tematy:
unmanned surface vehicles
maritime security applications
unmanned platforms
unmanned maritime vehicles
bezzałogowe jednostki nawodne
platformy bezzałogowe
autonomiczne systemy morskie
Opis:
In order to first Baltic LNG terminal in Świnoujście construction, issues concerning maritime critical infrastructure protection as a part of Maritime Security appeared. With the increasing natural gas demand LNG terminal in Świnoujście could be a possible terrorist attack target as well as the LNG carriers crossing the choke point of Baltic Straits and sailing through the littoral waters of Polish and other Baltic counties coastline. Experts do not fully agree on possible effects and results of successful terrorist assault on LNG carrier at sea nor at harbor. Unmanned platforms begin to play prominent role in military, oceanography or academic applications. With the announcement of reducing the hazard for deck operators especially in high-risk regions, it is predicted that unmanned platforms will play crucial role in Maritime Security systems in the nearest future. This paper discusses the design of the USV dedicated to LNG terminal protection tasks introduces potential equipment options and missions scenarios of first Polish unmanned platform ‘Edredon’.
Budowa gazoportu w Świnoujściu jest niezmiernie istotna dla bezpieczeństwa energetycznego państwa. W związku z dywersyfikacją dostaw surowca o znaczeniu strategicznym należy zapewnić odpowiedni poziom ochrony tego specyficznego pod wieloma względami morskiego obiektu infrastruktury krytycznej. Jedną z idei jest włączenie do systemu ochrony terminala LNG morskich pojazdów bezzałogowych, których rozwój w ostatnich latach jest bardzo dynamiczny. Postęp technologiczny umożliwia dziś, co potwierdził bezzałogowy pojazd ‘Edredon’, wybudowanie w oparciu o krajowy potencjał naukowy i przemysłowy platform zdolnych do realizacji szerokiej gamy zadań na morzu.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej; 2018, R. 59 nr 2 (213), 2 (213); 43-51
0860-889X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Practical aspects of design and testing unmanned aerial vehicles
Autorzy:
Szywalski, Patryk
Waindok, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/386901.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
Tematy:
unmanned aerial vehicles
UAV
unmanned aerial systems
UAS
navigation system
trajectory generation
Opis:
A design of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) construction, intended for autonomous flights in a group, was presented in this article. The design assumptions, practical implementation and results of the experiments were given. Some of the frame parts were made using 3D printing technology. It not only reduces the costs but also allows for better fitting of the covers to the electronics, which additional-ly protects them against shocks and dirt. The most difficult task was to develop the proper navigation system. Owing to high costs of preci-sion positioning systems, common global positioning system (GPS) receivers were used. Their disadvantage is the floating position error. The original software was also described. It controls the device, allows performing autonomous flight along a pre-determined route, anal-yses all parameters of the drone and sends them in a real time to the operator. The tests of the system were carried out and presented in the article, as well.
Źródło:
Acta Mechanica et Automatica; 2020, 14, 1; 50-58
1898-4088
2300-5319
Pojawia się w:
Acta Mechanica et Automatica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The role of unmanned aerial vehicles in the formation of a secure military supply chain
Autorzy:
Malinowski, Zdzisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576469.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-09-23
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
unmanned aerial vehicles
unmanned autonomous systems
Military Supply
Chain
electro-mechanical system
Opis:
The research problem described in the paper originates from the lack of adequate force protection of tactical level logistic units supporting forces in battle. The author tries to prove the necessity of the application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in order to ensure security of tactical level supply chains. The new technologies may be an innovative and perspective solution for the problem of the absence of force protection structures in logistic units. The author considers the use of UAVs for observation, reconnaissance and active force protection of logistic points and logistic units supporting tactical level forces. The problem is to choose the correct UAV type and to organise the unmanned autonomous systems (UAS) defined as electromechanical systems with no human operator on board, capable of performing operations in airspace.
Źródło:
Security and Defence Quarterly; 2016, 12, 3; 19-45
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:
Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish experience in developing and employing unmanned surface vehicles at sea
Krajowe doświadczenia w konstrukcji i zastosowaniu bezzałogowych pojazdów nawodnych na morzu
Autorzy:
Kitowski, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/222787.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Dowodzenia i Operacji Morskich
Tematy:
unmanned surface vehicles
swarm of unmanned vehicles
bezzałogowe pojazdy nawodne
rój pojazdów bezzałogowych
Opis:
This article is based on an analysis of missions carried out by unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). It discusses measures taken in Poland to develop such vehicles, designed to provide support to operations conducted by the country’s maritime services, security and monitoring of seaports and critical objects. It summarizes the results of research and development efforts and presents a new approach to employing these vehicles throughout the world.
W artykule w oparciu o analizę zadań realizowanych przez bezzałogowe pojazdy nawodne (USV — unmanned surface vehicle) omówione zostały podejmowane w kraju dotychczasowe działania mające na celu konstrukcję tego typu pojazdów przeznaczonych przede wszystkim do zabezpieczenia działań morskich służb państwowych oraz ochrony i monitoringu portów morskich i obiektów krytycznych. Podsumowano efekty prowadzonych prac naukowo-badawczych oraz przedstawiono nowe podejście do zastosowania tego typu pojazdów na świecie.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej; 2017, R. 58 nr 3 (210), 3 (210); 55-75
0860-889X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Design of radio communication systems for unmanned transport applications
Autorzy:
Gajewski, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/393537.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Stowarzyszenie Telematyki Transportu
Tematy:
unmanned communications
air interface design
unmanned transport
komunikacja bezzałogowa
projekt interfejsu
transport bezzałogowy
Opis:
In the paper the principle of OFDMA-based radio communication systems design for unmanned transport applications is presented. The concept of system radio interface is analysed and its basic parameters proposals are considered. In the last part of the paper some air interface characteristics useful for optimization of throughput and system capacity are considered.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport System Telematics; 2016, 9, 3; 16-21
1899-8208
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport System Telematics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Design and analysis of a novel concept-based unmanned aerial vehicle with ground traversing capability
Autorzy:
Kumar, Ramanuj
Gour, Surjeet S.
Pandey, Anish
Kumar, Shrestha
Mohan, Abhijeet
Shashwat, Pratik
Sahoo, Ashok K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2105984.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
Tematy:
unmanned aerial vehicle
unmanned ground vehicle
rough terrain
quadcopter
caterpillar wheel
kinematic analysis
Opis:
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a typical aircraft that is operated remotely by a human operator or autonomously by an on-board microcontroller. The UAV typically carries offensive ordnance, target designators, sensors or electronic transmitters designed for one or more applications. Such application can be in the field of defence surveillance, border patrol, search, bomb disposals, logistics and so forth. These UAVs are also being used in some other areas, such as medical purposes including for medicine delivery, rescue operations, agricultural applications and so on. However, these UAVs can only fly in the sky, and they cannot travel on the ground for other applications. Therefore, in this paper, we design and present the novel concept-based UAV, which can also travel on the ground and rough terrain as an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV). This means that according to our requirement, we can use this as a quadcopter and caterpillar wheel–based UGV using a single remote control unit. Further, the current study also briefly discusses the two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) SolidWorks models of the novel concept-based combined vehicle (UAV + UGV), together with a physical model of a combined vehicle (UAV + UGV) and its various components. Moreover, the kinematic analysis of a combined vehicle (UAV + UGV) has been studied, and the motion controlling kinematic equations have been derived. Then, the real-time aerial and ground motions and orientations and control-based experimental results of a combined vehicle (UAV + UGV) are presented to demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed vehicle.
Źródło:
Acta Mechanica et Automatica; 2022, 16, 3; 169--179
1898-4088
2300-5319
Pojawia się w:
Acta Mechanica et Automatica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The use of unmanned aircrafr systems (UAS) in combat operations
Autorzy:
Gugała, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/374145.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
bezzałogowy statek powietrzny
system bezzałogowych statków powietrznych
unmanned aircraft vehicle
unmanned aircraft systems
Opis:
In this publication has been presented selected aspects of the wide spectrum of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)/UAV1 adaptation within the military structures. With regard to many years of experience of the author within the national and NATO Integrated Air Defence Command and Control System, the objective paper is also related to the Airspace Management (ASM) in the light of present and future use of UAS in this environment. Wider and wider application of UAS in many areas of human life as well as in military and civilian services is forcing to take the definite steps in connection with elaboration of “New Concept of Polish Airspace Management in Context of UAS Development”, what is currently under consideration of the author. The respective publication is simultaneously the specific trial for inspiration of the civilian society to take an initiative heading for implementation of UAS out of military service.
W przedmiotowym opracowaniu przedstawiono wybrane aspekty szerokiego spektrum zastosowania Bezzałogowych Statków Powietrznych (BSP) w strukturach militarnych. Ze względu na wieloletnie doświadczenie autora w służbie w Systemie Dowodzenia Obroną Powietrzną RP i NATO, artykuł ten dotyczy także zagadnień związanych z zarządzaniem przestrzenią powietrzną, uwzględniając aktualne i przewidywane wykorzystanie BSP w tym środowisku. Coraz szersze zastosowanie BSP w wielu dziedzinach życia, zarówno w wojsku jak i w środowisku cywilnym wymusza podjęcie określonych działań związanych z opracowaniem „Nowej Koncepcji Wykorzystania Przestrzeni Powietrznej RP w Kontekście Użycia BSP”, czym autor aktualnie się zajmuje. Jednocześnie opracowanie to jest swoistą próbą inspiracji środowiska cywilnego do podjęcia inicjatyw zmierzających do zastosowania BSP w poza militarnych dziedzinach życia społecznego.
Źródło:
Transport Problems; 2011, 6, 4; 127-133
1896-0596
2300-861X
Pojawia się w:
Transport Problems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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