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Tytuł:
Joseph Ratzingers Antwort auf die religionsgeschichtliche Relativierung des Christentums
Joseph Ratzingers Answer on the Religious-historical Relativization of Christianity
Odpowiedź Josepha Ratzingera na religijno-historyczną relatywizację chrześcijaństwa
Autorzy:
Menke, Karl-Heinz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2035246.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-10
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
„Dominus Iesus”
religia
relatywizacja chrześcijaństwa
prawda osobista
jedność prawdy
Joseph Ratzinge
“Dominus Iesus”
ascendant and descendent Religion
Relativization of Christianity
personal truth
unity of truth
Joseph Ratzinger
Opis:
Joseph Ratzinger – autor dokumentu „Dominus Iesus”, opublikowanego przez papieża Jana Pawła II na przełomie tysiącleci, sprzeciwia się relatywizacji twierdzeń prawdy chrześcijańskiej, ponieważ jest ona tworzona z perspektywy religii porównawczej. Rozróżnia on między religią ascendentną, wytworzoną (zwaną także „azjatycką” lub „związaną z mistycyzmem”) a descendentną, objawioną religią (zwaną również „monoteistyczną”). Pierwszy model jest zdeterminowany relatywizacją wszelkich wypowiedzi dogmatycznych na rzecz prawdy transcendentnej, którą każdy może interpretować na swój sposób. Natomiast drugi model wychodzi od Boga, a nie od człowieka. Jest on − czy to w formie judaizmu, chrześcijaństwa czy islamu − monoteistyczny. Opiera się bowiem na personalnym objawieniu się jedynego Stwórcy w skończoności przestrzeni i czasu. Judaizm utożsamia jedyną prawdę o Bogu z historią doświadczoną i zapamiętaną przez lud Izraela; islam utożsamia jedyną prawdę o Bogu z księgą Koranu, zaś chrześcijaństwo z osobą Jezusa Chrystusa. Według Josepha Ratzingera to ogromna różnica, czy daną osobę czy księgę uważa się za samoobjawienie się Absolutu, tj. Boga. Dzieje się tak, ponieważ osoba nie jest obiektem. Jedyną logiką, która może sprostać osobie, jest dia-logika, tj. komunikacja wewnętrzna czy też interakcja. Chrześcijaństwo, które pozostaje wierne swojemu pochodzeniu i swojej prawdziwej naturze, nigdy nie może − jak podkreśla emerytowany Papież − dystansując się od egiptologa z Heidelbergu, Jana Asmanna, używać jakiejkolwiek przemocy wobec dysydentów. Albowiem Bóg, o którym świadczą chrześcijanie, nie jest nikim innym niż człowiekiem, który o sobie powiedział: „Ten, który mnie widział, widział Ojca” (J 14,9). Nie jest On nikim innym jak Odkupicielem, który pozwala się ukrzyżować, zamiast narzucać coś przez przemoc, i obiektywnie jest najlepszy, jakiego można sobie życzyć.   Joseph Ratzingers Antwort auf die religionsgeschichtliche Relativierung des Christentums Joseph Ratzinger – Verfasser des von Papst Johannes Paul II. zur Jahrtausendwende publizierten Lehrschreibens ‚Dominus Iesus‘ - wendet sich gegen die religionsvergleichende Relativierung des christlichen Wahrheitsanspruchs. Er unterscheidet zwischen einer aszendenten (auch ‚asiatisch‘ oder ‚mystizistisch‘ genannten) und einer deszendenten (auch ‚monotheistisch‘ oder ‚revelatorisch‘ genannten) Spielart der Religionen. Erstere ist bestimmt durch die Relativierung aller dogmatischen Aussagen zugunsten einer transzendenten Wahrheit, die jeder auf je eigene Weise interpretieren darf. Die deszendente Spielart hingegen geht von Gott, nicht vom Menschen aus. Sie ist – ob in Gestalt des Judentums, des Christentums oder des Islam − wesentlich monotheistisch. Denn sie beruht auf der personalen Selbstoffenbarung des einen und einzigen Schöpfers in der Endlichkeit von Raum und Zeit. Das Judentum identifiziert die eine und einzige Wahrheit Gottes mit der von Israel erfahrenen und erinnerten Geschichte; der Islam mit dem Buch ‚Koran‘; das Christentum mit der Person Jesu Christi. Es macht – so erklärt Joseph Ratzinger – einen gewaltigen Unterschied, ob eine Person oder ein Buch als Selbstoffenbarung des Absoluten bezeichnet wird. Denn eine Person ist kein Gegenstand. Die einzige Logik, die einer Person gerecht wird, ist die Dia-Logik bzw. Inter-Kommunikation bzw. Inter-Aktion. Ein Christentum, das seinem Ursprung und Wesen treu bleibt, kann, so betont der emeritierte Papst in Absetzung von dem Heidelberger Ägyptologen Jan Asmann, gar keine Gewalt gegenüber Andersdenkenden ausüben. Denn der Gott, den Christen verkünden, ist kein anderer als der Mensch, der von sich gesagt hat: „Wer mich sieht, sieht den Vater“; ist kein anderer als der Erlöser, der sich lieber kreuzigen lässt als irgendetwas, und mag es das objektiv Beste sein, mit Gewalt zu erzwingen.
Joseph Ratzinger, who is author of the teaching document “Dominus Iesus”, published by Pope John Paul II at the turn of the millennium, opposes the relativisation of the Christian truth claim as it is made from the perspective of comparative religion. He distinguishes between an ascendant variation of religion (which is also called `Asian' or `related to mysticism') and a descendent variation of religion (which is also called `monotheistic' or `revelatory'). The former is determined by the relativisation of all dogmatic statements in favour of a transcendent truth, which each may interpret in their own way. The descendant variation, on the other hand, takes God, not man as a starting point. It is − whether in the form of Judaism, Christianity or Islam – monotheistic. For it is based on the personal self-revelation of the one and only Creator in the finitude of space and time. Whereas Judaism identifies the one and only truth of God with the history experienced and remembered by the people of Israel, Islam identifies the only truth of God with a book, the Qu'ran, as it is very much in contrast to Christianity where the person of Jesus Christ is considered the only truth of God. According to Joseph Ratzinger it makes a huge difference whether a person or a book is regarded to be the self-revelation of the absolute, i.e. God. This is because a person is not an object. The only logic that does justice to a person is the dia-logic, i.e. inter-communication or inter-action. A Christianity which remains faithful to its origin and to its true nature can never, as the emeritus Pope emphasizes by distancing himself from the Heidelberg Egyptologist Jan Asmann, commit any kind of violence against dissenters. Because the God whom Christians testify is none other than the man who said of himself, “He who has seen me has seen the Father.” (Joh 14.9) He is none other but the Redeemer, who allows Himself to be crucified rather than imposing something through violence, and may it objectively be the best which could be wished for.
Źródło:
Roczniki Teologiczne; 2019, 66, 2; 35-52
2353-7272
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Teologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
W poszukiwaniu nowych dróg ku jedności chrześcijan
In Search of New Ways Towards Christian Unity
Autorzy:
Leśniewski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31340939.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
jedność chrześcijan
kryzys chrześcijaństwa
wspólne świadectwo o Chrystusie
Trójca Święta
prawda
uzgodnienia dialogów teologicznych
przemiana umysłu (gr. metanoia)
the unity of Christians
the crisis of Christianity
the common witness about Christ
the Holy Trinity
the truth
agreements of theological dialogues
the change of the intellect (Gr. metanoia)
Opis:
The first part of the article describes signs of a crisis of Christianity in the contemporary world. One can distinguished both the deepening of a crisis of faith and various threats, which have been very dangerous for Christians. Among many causes of the modern crisis of faith it should be pointed out the tolerance for pathologies, the triumph of atheistic philosophies, the anthropological reductionism, and the relativisation of personal evil. Apart from that in some countries in the world Christians have been persecuted and even put to death. It is necessary to take into account this general context if one would like to take into consideration the problem of the necessity of common witness on Christ and the cause of the lack of Christian Unity. Today, as the Author ascertain in the second part of his text, it is impossible to deal with ecumenical matters without relating them to various factors influencing on the situation of Christianity in the world. As it is evident, so far the full Eucharistic Fellowship has not been reached by the ecumenical dialogue. Practically, a greater part of agreements of theological dialogues have not got reception on the parish level. There is no common Christian language, which could be commonly used, what it points out to a deep disagreement about the Truth. From the Orthodox point of view unity is to be understood not as a mere administrative arrangement and a human achievement, but as a manifestation of grace and as the fullness of the new life which renews the earth-born and the whole of their world. In order to understand why the Christian unity is so difficult to acquire it is necessary to look at the Church of Christ as a personal community in resemblance of the Holy Trinity as the community of the Divine Persons. The Author in the third part of the article underlines that the Trinitarian relations between God the Father, the Son of God and the Holy Spirit consist the most perfect pattern for relations between human persons in the fellowship of the Church. From such a point of view the Church is not an occasional ‘happening’, where the Word of God is preached and listened to and the sacraments are performed, but as the reality of sonship in the Spirit, that is, as a constant movement of filial grace from the Father, giving his Son to us in the Spirit, and as a return of this by us, ‘giving grace’ to him by offering back to him his Son in his incarnate, sacrificial and risen state as the head of a body comprising all of us and all that exists. The fourth part of the article refers to a question of the unity of the Church and understanding of truth. The problem of understanding of truth in the Church may be expressed in the following question: How can we hold at the same time to the historical nature of truth and the presence of ultimate truth here and now? For an answer to this question it can be very helpful to look at the Greek Fathers, both their failures and their success, in arriving at an understanding of truth which might have meaning for a person of Greek mentality, without betraying or distorting the message of the Bible. Their spiritual and intellectual contribution has been essential for a reflection on the relation between truth and salvation. They underlined that human person as the whole (not only his reason, but all functions of his intellect in connection to soul and body) was committed into the process of learning truth. Therefore bodily ascetism in the Church is one of essential conditions of approach to truth, the supreme road to theological knowledge. It is not possible for human being to come to know the truth of life, the truth of God and the truth of his own existence purely through intellectual categories, relative analogies and conventional expressions, because they give only a relative and conventional knowledge. Knowing God is possible only in Christ, who as the personal Truth has been the source of all truths. In order to know Christ as Truth it requires opening for His presence not only on the level of reason, but approaching Him in ones intellect, soul and body. Particularly, the change of the intellect (Gr. μετάνοια) is very important on the way toward the uniting Truth. There are some important conclusions, indicated in the final part of the article, resulting from the Christian understanding of the uniting Truth for ecumenical endeavors. Particularly important is not to treat the doctrinal ecumenism solely as an intellectual convergence process in separation from all that, what constitute the life of the Church of Christ. One has to remember that notions taken from kataphatic theology should be supplemented by notions from apophatic theology, because the knowledge of God is knowing the Unknowable. Striving for the unity of Christians, similarly to striving for the unity of a human person in relation to God, requires the change of intellect, by the attention (Gr. προσοχή), watchfulness (Gr. νῆψις), prayer, the Liturgy and ascetism.
Źródło:
Roczniki Teologii Ekumenicznej; 2010, 2; 35-56
2081-6731
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Teologii Ekumenicznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Samotność a osamotnienie – osobowe stany egzystencjalne człowieka. Analiza etyczno-metafizyczna
Loneliness and Solitude – the Personal Existential States. An Ethical and Metaphysical Analysis
Autorzy:
Wałejko, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1849004.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-05-12
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
osoba
odrębność (samotność ontologiczna)
samotność fałszywa i prawdziwa (kłamstwo osamotnienia i prawda samotności)
osamotnienie
odosobnienie i samość
przygodność
hierarchia wartości
Ewangelia samotności
zjednoczenie z Bogiem
person
separation (ontological solitude)
false and true solitude (the falsehood of loneliness and the truth of solitude)
loneliness
isolation and selfness
contingency
hierarchy of values
the Gospel of solitude
unity with God
Opis:
The ontological loneliness of the human being, experienced in the personological aspects of existence, may become constructive or destructive, a fact that depends on the person's will and the factors mentioned in the paper. Having conducted a conceptual analysis, the opposite tendencies in the contemporary times were shown: towards universalism and unification on the one hand, and excessive individualism on the other. They are conducive to cultivate loneliness and ignore the possibility to transform it in person-making solitude. The indispensable experience of loneliness may become something that is voluntarily turned into a chronic form that impairs the personal development, whose manifestations have been characterised. The false picture of the gift of solitude has been set side by side with its proper interpretation, the interpretation that is conditioned by the acceptance of the true hierarchy of values. It allows us to perceive the values of solitude shown in the text. The importance of the personal trait of solitude is shown in its role decisive of development or regress, in dependence on its true or false interpretation. It is worth considering the hidden message of the attribute of ontic separation. That separation, as it is impossible to replace solitude by material and human factors, directs persons towards the supernatural reality. The “Gospel of solitude” means hope to do away with loneliness and turn it into solitude that brings unity with God.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2007, 35, 2; 45-66
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE ESSENTIAL CONNECTION BETWEEN COMMON SENSE PHILOSOPHY AND LEADERSHIP EXCELLENCE
Autorzy:
Redpath, Peter A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/507500.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
International Étienne Gilson Society
Tematy:
aim
analogy
anarchy
art
body of knowledge
cause
common sense
communication
comprehensive understanding
concept
contrary
contrariety
culture
demonstration
demonstrative
equality
emotion
end
excellence
existence
explanation
fear
genus
habit
happiness
harmony
hierarchically ordered
history
hope
human
humanist
inequality
judgment
knowledge
language
leadership
logic
mathematics
memory
metaphysics
multitude
nature
operational
opposite
order
part
person
philosophy
physical
poetry
principle
quality
reason
receptivity
relationship
renaissance
resistance
rhetoric
science
soul
species
strength
syllogism
system
truth
West
Western civilization
unity
universe
virtue
whole
wonder
Opis:
This article argues that, strictly speaking, from its inception with the ancient Greeks and for all time, philosophy and science are identical and consist in an essential relationship between a specific type of understanding of the human person as possessed of an intellectual soul capable of being habituated and a psychologically-independent composite whole, or organization. It maintains, further, that absence of either one of the extremes of this essential relationship cannot be philosophy/science and, if mistaken for such and applied to the workings of cultural institutions, will generate anarchy within human culture and make leadership excellence impossible to achieve. Finally, it argues that only a return to this “common sense” understanding of philosophy can generate the leadership excellence that can save the West from its current state of cultural and civilizational anarchy.
Źródło:
Studia Gilsoniana; 2014, 3: supplement; 605-617
2300-0066
Pojawia się w:
Studia Gilsoniana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE NATURE OF COMMON SENSE AND HOW WE CAN USE COMMON SENSE TO RENEW THE WEST
Autorzy:
Redpath, Peter A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/507346.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
International Étienne Gilson Society
Tematy:
aim
analogy
anarchy
art
body of knowledge
cause
common sense
communication
comprehensive understanding
concept
contemporary
contrary
contrariety
culture
demonstration
demonstrative
disorder
education
equality
emotion
end
enlightened
enlightenment
excellence
existence
explanation
fear
fundamentalistic
genus
God
habit
happiness
harmony
hierarchically ordered
history
hope
human
humanist
inequality
inspiration
inspired
judgment
justice
knowledge
language
leadership
logic
mathematics
memory
metaphysics
modern
multitude
nature
Nietzschean
operational
opposite
order
part
person
philosophy
physical
poetry
power
principle
provocative thought
quality
reality
reason
receptivity
relationship
renaissance
resistance
rhetoric
science
scientism
skeptic
sophist
soul
species
strength
success
system
truth
utopian
West
Western civilization
unity
universe
values
virtue
whole
will
wisdom
wonder
World War
Opis:
Since most pressing today on a global scale is to be able to unite religion, philosophy, and science into parts of a coherent civilizational whole, and since the ability to unite a multitude into parts of a coherent whole essentially requires understanding the natures of the things and the way they can or cannot be essentially related, this paper chiefly considers precisely why the modern world has been unable to effect this union. In so doing, it argues that the chief cause of this inability to unite these cultural natures has been because the contemporary world, and the West especially, has lost its understanding of philosophy and science and has intentionally divorced from essential connection to wisdom. Finally, it proposes a common sense way properly to understand these natures, reunite them to wisdom, and revive Western and global civilization.
Źródło:
Studia Gilsoniana; 2014, 3: supplement; 455-484
2300-0066
Pojawia się w:
Studia Gilsoniana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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