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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    3D seafloor reconstruction using data from side scan and synthetic aperture sonar
    Autorzy:
    Bikonis, K.
    Łubniewski, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/331896.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Akustyczne
    Tematy:
    seafloor reconstruction
    underwater environment
    seafloor
    Opis:
    Side scan and synthetic aperture sonars are widely used imaging systems in the underwater environment. They are relatively cheap and easy to deploy, in comparison with more powerful sensors, like multibeam echosounders. Although side scan and synthetic aperture sonars does not provide seafloor bathymetry directly, their records are finally related to seafloor images. Moreover, the analysis of such images performed by human eye allows creating semi-spatial impressions of seafloor images obtained from side scan sonar echograms. In the paper, some techniques for 3D seafloor shape reconstruction from side scan and synthetic aperture sonars are presented. They are based on Shape From Shading (SFS) approach, which is one of classical problems in computer vision. The method for reconstruction of 3D seafloor relief using the information from both the currently processed and previous ping is presented. The advantage of the presented methods is their simplicity and the ability to produce the results within sequential, i.e. “one run” processing of side scan sonar image. Another algorithm relies on estimating the altitude gradient of the insonified surface from sonar data, combined with the use of dimension of shadow areas for estimation of the current elevation change. The presented results are promising and also show to some extent how the performance of the proposed algorithm might be improved in further investigation.
    Źródło:
    Hydroacoustics; 2010, 13; 25-30
    1642-1817
    Pojawia się w:
    Hydroacoustics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Solar radiation in the Baltic Sea
    Autorzy:
    Dera, J.
    Wozniak, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48691.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Baltic Sea
    chlorophyll a
    eutrophic area
    evaporation
    marine environment
    natural irradiance
    photochemical process
    photosynthesis
    short-term fluctuation
    solar radiation
    stratification
    underwater irradiance
    vertical distribution
    Opis:
    The influx of solar radiation to the Baltic Sea and its penetration into its waters is described on the basis of selected results of optical and bio-optical studies in the Baltic published by various authors during the past ca 50 years. The variability in the natural irradiance of this sea is illustrated on time scales from short-term fluctuations occurring during a single day to differences in mean monthly values over a period of many years. Data on variability of the proportions between UV, VIS and IR energy in the light reaching the sea surface are also discussed. Long-term monthly mean values of the incident solar radiation flux at the surface of the Baltic Proper are given; they were obtained from meteorological and solar radiation measurements and model approximations. The transmittances of these mean monthly radiation fluxes across the surface of the Baltic are given, as are the typical energy and spectral characteristics of the underwater irradiance, its attenuation with depth in the sea and the associated euphotic zone depths, as well as typical ranges of variability of these characteristics in different Baltic basins. Some of these characteristics are illustrated by typical empirical data. These mean values are not fully representative, however, because with the sole use of classical in situ measurement methods from on board research vessels in the Baltic, it has not been possible to gather a sufficiently representative set of empirical data that would adequately reflect the variability of the optical haracteristics of all the basins of this sea. The article goes on to introduce the statistical model of vertical distributions of chlorophyll a concentration in the Baltic and the bio-otical model of Baltic Case 2 waters, the use of which contribute very significantly to this description of the optical characteristics and will enable this data set to be hugely expanded to include all the Baltic basins. This opportunity is presented by the optical parameterization of Baltic Case 2 waters, i.e. by the mathematical formulas of the model linking the coefficient of attenuation of downward irradiance with the surface chlorophyll a concentration, as well as the method developed for the efficient and systematic satellite remote sensing of the chlorophyll a concentration over the entire Baltic Sea area.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2010, 52, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Chronic adaptations of lung function in breath-hold diving fishermen
    Autorzy:
    Diniz, Cristiane
    Farias, Tiago
    Pereira, Mayane
    Pires, Caio
    Gonçalves, Luciana
    Coertjens, Patrícia
    Coertjens, Marcelo
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2178832.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-05-17
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    environment
    immersion
    lung volume measurements
    Respiratory Function Tests
    apnea
    underwater fishing
    Opis:
    Objectives: The aim of this study was to verify and analyze the existence of chronic adaptations of lung function in freediving fishermen whose occupation is artisanal fishing. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 11 breath-hold diving fishermen and 10 non-breath-hold diving fishermen (control) from the village of Bitupitá in the municipality of Barroquinha (Ceará - Brazil). Anthropometric measurements, chest and abdominal circumferences as well as spirometric and respiratory muscle strength tests were conducted according to the specifications of the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS). In order to compare the measured values versus the predicted values, Student t test was used in the case of parametric test and Wilcoxon test in the case of nonparametric test. To compare the inter-group means Student t test was used for parametric test and Mann-Whitney test for the nonparametric one. The level of significance was set at α = 5%. Results: The forced vital capacity (FVC) (4.9±0.6 l vs. 4.3±0.4 l) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) (4.0±0.5 l vs. 3.6±0.3 l) were, respectively, higher in the group of divers compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, in the group of free divers, the measured FVC, FEV₁ and FEV₁/FVC ratios were significantly greater than the predicted ones. No differences were found between the measured respiratory pressures. Conclusions: These results indicate that breath-hold diving seems to produce chronic adaptations of the respiratory system, resulting in elevated lung volumes with no airway obstruction.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2014, 27, 2; 216-223
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of antifouling paints and nautical tourism on the sustainability of marine environment in the case of the village ports of a small Island
    Autorzy:
    Ivče, R.
    Paparić, D.
    Zekić, A.
    Škapul, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841584.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Marine Environment
    antifouling paints
    nautical tourism
    small island
    village ports
    underwater hull fouling
    underwater hull maintenance
    pleasure boats
    Opis:
    The problem of underwater hull fouling has been mostly noticed by the pleasure boat owners when reducing the boat speed. In order to decrease the fouling of the underwater part of the hull, antifouling paints have been used. Some kinds of antifouling paints have become a serious environmental problem due to its very harmful effect on marine organisms and also, indirectly, on humans. Scientific research conducted in this domain has confirmed contamination by toxic compounds as a result of the usage of antifouling paints over long period of time. The paper is focused on underwater hull maintenance, especially when applying antifouling systems on pleasure crafts owned by tourists and local residents, in the example of the village ports of a small island. A survey was conducted among the residents who use ports to determine their knowledge regarding the harmful effects of biocidal coatings and the possible harmless maintenance of the underwater hull part. This paper aims to indicate the necessary equipment and procedures in the two small local ports in order to maintain pleasure boats in environmentally acceptable manner.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 3; 701-707
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The effect of interference parameters on the exploitation capabilities of an underwater vehicle
    Wpływ parametrów zakłóceń na możliwości eksploatacyjne pojazdu podwodnego
    Autorzy:
    Leszczyński, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223268.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Dowodzenia i Operacji Morskich
    Tematy:
    underwater vehicle
    exploitation
    interference caused by environment
    mathematical model
    optimization
    genetic algorithms
    pojazd podwodny
    eksploatacja
    zakłócenia środowiska
    model matematyczny
    optymalizacja
    algorytmy genetyczne
    Opis:
    This article presents the results of operations performed by an underwater vehicle in the course of approaching a target across water in which there exist pre-defined obstacles and sea currents. The mathematical model of a self-propelled payload for neutralizing mines type ‘Głuptak’ is used to model the operations performed by the vehicle. Because the underwater vehicle is powered by batteries it is necessary to assess whether there will be enough energy required to continue the approach to the target in the case of changes in the environment. The results presented refer to the effect of interference, caused by the marine environment, on the possibility to use the vehicle for this task. The energy consumption for the mentioned task is optimized with a genetic algorithm.
    W artykule przedstawione zostały efekty działania pojazdu podwodnego podczas realizacji zadania jego podejścia do celu przez akwen, w którym występują określone wcześniej przeszkody oraz działają prądy morskie. Działania pojazdu są zamodelowane z wykorzystaniem modelu matematycznego samobieżnego ładunku do zwalczania min ‘Głuptak’. Z uwagi na to, że pojazd podwodny jest zasilany z akumulatorów, w przypadku wystąpienia zmian w środowisku konieczne jest oszacowanie, czy wystarczy energii na kontynuację podejścia do celu. Prezentowane wyniki dotyczą wpływu zakłóceń środowiska morskiego na możliwości wykorzystania pojazdu podczas tego zadania. Zużycie energii dla wspomnianego zadania jest optymalizowane algorytmem genetycznym.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej; 2016, R. 57 nr 3 (206), 3 (206); 85-106
    0860-889X
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    „Psychologia nurkowania”. Badanie lęku u płetwonurków
    “Diving psychology”. The study of anxiety in diving
    Autorzy:
    Niewiedział, Dorota
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514246.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
    Tematy:
    psychologia nurkowania
    lęk u nurków
    adaptacja psychologiczna do środowiska
    podwodnego.
    diving psychology
    fear in divers
    psychological adaptation to the underwater
    environment.
    Opis:
    Celem artykułu jest przegląd piśmiennictwa psychologicznego odnoszącego się do nurkowania. Literatura na temat porusza dwa główne zagadnienia z perspektywy psychologicznej: stopień przystosowania psychicznego jednostki do podwodnego środowiska oraz stan psychofizyczny człowieka zaangażowanego w określony rodzaj nurkowania i wynikające z niego umiejętności/kompetencje do wykonywania zadania pod wodą. W artykule przedstawiono wybrane raporty z całego świata dotyczące psychologii nurkowania wynikające z zastosowanej struktury/klasyfikacji teorii psychologicznych, wyjaśniających różne mechanizmy funkcjonowania psychicznego człowieka pod wodą. Przedstawiono badania z perspektywy psychodynamicznej, psychologii zdrowia/stresu, psychologii różnic indywidualnych i osobowości. W podejmowanej dyskusji psychologicznej na temat nurkowania odrębnym problemem w zakresie psychologii klinicznej jest doświadczenie lęku przez nurków. Traktowanie wysokiego wskaźnika lęku jako predyktora – lęku panicznego wskazuje na ważność tej cechy w przewidywaniu zagrożeń –wypadków nurkowych w czasie funkcjonowania pod wodą. W prezentowanych w artykule badaniach własnych uzyskane wyniki na temat poziomu lęku-cechy i stanu u nurków biorących udział w ekspozycjach hiperbarycznych wskazują na fakt występowania u większości badanych niskiego poziomu lęku-cechy oraz stanu, co najprawdopodobniej świadczy o dobrej kondycji psychicznej badanych płetwonurków.
    The aim of the article is to conduct a literature review in relation to the psychological aspects of diving. The literature on this subject matter raises two main issues of the psychological perspective: the degree of psychological adaptation of an individual to the underwater environment, and the psychophysical condition of a man involved in a specific type of diving and the resulting skills/competences to perform underwater tasks. The article presents selected reports from around the world related to diving psychology resulting from the applied structure/classification of psychological theories, explaining various mechanisms of psychological functioning underwater. The paper presents studies from the perspective of psychodynamics, psychology of health/stress, psychology of individual differences and personality. In the psychological discussion about diving, a separate problem in the field of clinical psychology is the experience of diving anxiety. Treating the high anxiety index as a predictor of the panic rate indicates the importance of this feature in predicting dangers -diving accidents during underwater operation. In our own studies presented in the article, the results on the level of the trait and condition in divers involved in hyperbaric exposures indicate that the majority of subjects have low anxiety level and condition, which most probably indicates good mental condition of the scuba diver.
    Źródło:
    Psychologiczne Zeszyty Naukowe; 2018, 2; 93-112
    2451-1420
    Pojawia się w:
    Psychologiczne Zeszyty Naukowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Monitoring XX-wiecznych wraków wojennych na przykładzie badań środowiskowych jednostki SS Stuttgart ‒ studium przydatności pozyskanych danych w kontekście prac archeologicznych i ochrony podwodnego dziedzictwa kulturowego
    Environmental supervision of the 20 century shipwrecks using the example of the remains of vessel SS Stuttgart - case study of the usefulness of obtained data in the context of archaeological work and the protection of underwater cultural heritage
    Autorzy:
    Święch, Andrzej W.
    Hac, Benedykt
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/440493.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Narodowe w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    archeologia podwodna
    archeologia wraków stalowych
    wraki z 1 i 2 wojny światowej
    poszukiwania wraków z wojen światowych
    badania interdyscyplinarne
    zanieczyszczenie środowiska morskiego
    underwater archaeology
    archaeology of the iron shipwrecks
    shipwrecks of World War 1 and 2
    research of world war's shipwrecks
    interdisciplinary research
    contamination of the marine environment
    Opis:
    This brief article discusses the matter of iron and steel shipwrecks in the context of the remains of vessel SS Stuttgart, and its environmental research conducted by scientists from Maritime Institute in Gdańsk. Her shipwreck is on the Polish list of 28 wrecks being treated for environmental reasons in the Polish part of South Baltic. At the present SS Stuttgart is most dangerous sunken object on the Polish coast. She was taking part in the 2nd World War. As such they are interesting objects which can be used in the studies of underwater archaeology of the contemporary past. The authors focus on their possible use in archaeology of the data obtained during oceanographic and hydrographic research.
    Źródło:
    Materiały Zachodniopomorskie; 2016, 12; 657-669
    0076-5236
    Pojawia się w:
    Materiały Zachodniopomorskie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modelling light and photosynthesis in the marine environment
    Autorzy:
    Wozniak, B.
    Dera, J.
    Ficek, D.
    Majchrowski, R.
    Ostrowska, M.
    Kaczmarek, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47660.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    primary production
    pigment
    underwater irradiance
    marine environment
    quantum yield
    remote sensing algorithm
    bio-optical modelling
    photoacclimation
    phytoplankton
    chromatic acclimation
    light absorption
    photosynthesis
    Opis:
    The overriding and far-reaching aim of our work has been to achieve a good understanding of the processes of light interaction with phytoplankton in the sea and to develop an innovative physical model of photosynthesis in the marine environment,suita ble for the remote sensing of marine primary production. Unlike previous models,the present one takes greater account of the complexity of the physiological processes in phytoplankton. We have focused in particular on photophysiological processes,whic h are governed directly or indirectly by light energy,or in which light, besides the nutrient content in and the temperature of seawater,is one of the principal limiting factors. To achieve this aim we have carried out comprehensive statistical analyses of the natural variability of the main photophysiological properties of phytoplankton and their links with the principal abiotic factors in the sea. These analyses have made use of extensive empirical data gathered in a wide diversity of seas and oceans by Polish and Russian teams as well as by joint Polish-Russian expeditions. Data sets available on the Internet have also been applied. As a result,a set of more or less complex,semi-empir ical models of light-stimulated processes occurring in marine phytoplankton cells has been developed. The trophic type of sea, photo-acclimation and the production of photoprotecting carotenoids,c hromatic acclimation and the production of various forms of chlorophyll-antennas and photosynthetic carotenoids,cell adaptation by the package effect, light absorption, photosynthesis, photoinhibition,the fluorescence effect,a nd the activation of PS2 centres are all considered in the models. These take into account not only the influence of light,but also, indirectly,tha t of the vertical mixing of water; in the case of photosynthesis,the quantum yield has been also formulated as being dependent on the nutrient concentrations and the temperature of seawater. The bio-optical spectral models of irradiance transmittance in case 1 oceanic waters and case 2 Baltic waters,dev eloped earlier,a lso are described in this paper. The development of the models presented here is not yet complete and they all need continual improvement. Nevertheless,w e have used them on a preliminary basis for calculating various photosynthetic characteristics at different depths in the sea,su ch as the concentration of chlorophyll and other pigments, and primary production. The practical algorithm we have constructed allows the vertical distribution of these characteristics to be determined from three input data: chlorophyll a concentration,irradiance, and temperature at the sea surface. Since all three data can be measured remotely,ou r algorithm can be applied as the ‘marine part’ of the remote sensing algorithms used for detecting marine photosynthesis.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2003, 45, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Fuzzy controller for underwater remotely operated vehicle which is moving in conditions of environment disturbance occurrence
    Autorzy:
    Żak, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242025.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    control
    fuzzy logic
    underwater remotely operated vehicle
    modelling of environment disturbance
    Opis:
    Oceans fill two-third surface of the Earth and they are house for majority alive organisms of our planet. However human possibilities of cognition of this environment are very limited. To defeat these limitations lots of scientists dealing with exploration of depths, concentrates on unmanned, remote-controlled underwater vehicle. From seventieth years happened the development of unmanned underwater vehicles which currently administering all characteristic attribute of robot, and have the possibility of shifting and manipulation, ability of technical surroundings' observation, and sometimes are making independent decision in typical situations. For control of all devices of robot responds the system of steering which holds supervision beginning from the propulsion and finishing on switching the video cameras and lighting. In robot's control system the functions of regulator in feedback the most often is realized by operator which is the onlooking working object on monitor installed in deck console. Nowadays more often automatic system of control is used, therefore in this paper such system will be proposed. The main aim of paper is to introduce the results of research concentrated on controlling remotely operated underwater vehicle during movement in conditions of environment disturbance occurrence. Firstly the mathematical model of example ROV is briefly discussed. Next the environment disturbance and its taking into account in mathematical models is shortly described. Next the proposed control system which is using technology of fuzzy logic is presented. At the end the example results of research on stabilizing movements' parameters of ROV during environment disturbance occurrence, using ROV simulator were presented. The paper is finished by summary which include conclusions derive from results of research.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 2; 499-507
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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