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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Modeling of trihalomethane compounds formation in Baghdad water supply network
    Autorzy:
    Ewaid, Salam H.
    Al-Farhani, Bassam F.
    Abed, Salwan A.
    Al-Ansari, Nadhir
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/118614.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    trihalomethane
    Baghdad
    Tigris river
    modeling
    Opis:
    This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of four trihalomethane compounds (THMs) in raw, treated, and drinking water of seven water purification plants and the residential neighborhoods nearby in Baghdad. About 350 samples gathered between January and October 2017 and analyzed by the gas chromatography method. Results showed that THM annual levels in tap water ranged between 12 and 97.3 µg·l–1 in winter and summer consecutively, with a mean concentration of 60 µg·l–1, these concentrations did not exceed the level recommended by the WHO and the Iraqi standards. Statistical modeling by SPSS software for the formation of THM (the dependent factor) in the water supply network was undertaken using the measured water quality parameters (as independent factors) and utilizing multiple regression analysis. The model obtained has a high correlation (r = 0.842) and approved that the most affecting parameters on THM formation are total organic carbon, temperature, turbidity, total solids, and chlorine dose. The model that was derived may be used for the purposes of choosing appropriate THM-reduction procedures and the use of chlorine for improving the method of disinfection.
    Źródło:
    Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences; 2020, 29, 2; 136-144
    1732-9353
    Pojawia się w:
    Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Effect of Ozonation, Coagulation and Adsorption on Natural Organic Matter Removal
    Autorzy:
    Dąbrowska, Lidia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1955547.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    ozone
    activated carbon
    polyaluminium chloride
    trihalomethane precursor
    Opis:
    For the treatment of surface water, the coagulation process was used with highly alkaline polyaluminium chloride PAX-XL19F and coagulation supported by ozonation and adsorption on powdered activated carbon CWZ-30 for reducing the level of surface water pollution with organic substances. In addition to the typical indices used to assess the content of organic compounds (total organic carbon TOC, oxidisability OXI, ultraviolet absorbance UV254), the study also evaluated colour, turbidity, and the potential of trihalomethanes formation THM-PF. Reduction in the content of TOC in water after coagulation ranged from 22 to 24%, OXI in the range of 34-36%, and UV254 absorbance from 52-55%. The turbidity and colour of the water was reduced by 70-73% and 56-60%, respectively. The use of preliminary ozonation and activated carbon-assisted coagulation increased the efficiency of water treatment. Changes in the values of TOC, OXI, UV254 absorbance, turbidity and colour were 28-33%, 45-46%, 69-73%, 72-79% and 89-100%, respectively. In the water purified by coagulation and then chlorinated, THM-PF was 37-38% lower than in untreated surface water. The use of additional pre-ozonation and activated carbon during coagulation increased the reduction of THM-PF by 9-12%.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2021, 22, 9; 216-223
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Chlorine and chlorine dioxide oxidation of natural organic matter in water treatment plants
    Autorzy:
    Özdemir, Kadir
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032873.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    chlorine
    drinking water
    trihalomethane
    chlor
    woda pitna
    trihalometan
    Opis:
    The formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) during chlorine (Cl2) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) treatment was investigated. Water samples were collected from three drinking water sources, namely, Büyükçekmece Lake water (BLW) in Istanbul City, Kızılcapınar Lake water (KLW), and Ulutan Lake water (ULW) in Zonguldak City, Turkey. The results of the study show that Cl2 treatment forms more THMs in all three water sources compared to ClO2treatment. Further, due to the Cl2treatment, the maximum THMs concentrations were observed in BLW (121.15 μg/dm3) samples, followed by KLW (97.26 μg/dm3) and ULW(88.52 μg/dm3) samples within the reaction time of 24 h for 5 mg/ dm3 of Cl2dose. However, it was found that the concentrations of THMs formed at three water sources with applied ClO2treatment under the same conditions were significantly reduced. As a result of the ClO2treatment at the end of the reaction time of 24h, THMs concentrations formed in BLW, KLW, and ULW were recorded as 30.26, 16.53, and 17.71 μg/ dm3, respectively. On chlorination, chloroform (CFM) was found the dominant THM species in all water sources. All THM species contents ranged from 1.98 μg/dm3 to 11.23 μg/ dm3 and the highest level of dibromochloromethane (BDCFM) was observed as the major THM species among all species in BLW due to the ClO2treatment. Also, the formation of inorganic DBPs such as chlorate (ClO3–) and chlorite ClO2–) was evaluated during Cl2oxidation. The levels ClO2– formed due to the ClO2 oxidation were higher than those of ClO3– levels for BLW, KLW, and ULW samples and varied from 19 to 55%, and from 37 to 60% of the applied ClO2 doses (2–10 mg/ dm3), respectively. On the other hand, ClO3– levels varied between 5 and 9% and 2 and 6% of the applied ClO2concentration for the KLW and ULW samples, respectively.
    Źródło:
    Environment Protection Engineering; 2020, 46, 4; 87-97
    0324-8828
    Pojawia się w:
    Environment Protection Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Investigation of trihalomethane formation after chlorine dioxide preoxidation followed by chlorination of natural organic matter
    Autorzy:
    Özdemir, Kadir
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032930.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    ClO2
    THM
    trihalomethane
    drinking water
    trihalometan
    woda pitna
    Opis:
    Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is widely used as powerful oxidant to remove taste, odor and pathogenic microorganisms with chlorine during water treatment. In this study, the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) was investigated in sequential ClO2 and chlorination processes. During the study, water samples were collected from Terkos Lake water (TLW) and Büyükçekmece Lake water (BLW) in Istanbul. To understand the relationship between the formation of THMs and the characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM), changes in the molecular weight (MW) of NOM fractions before and after ClO2 oxidation were characterized with the ultrafiltration technique. The NOM fraction with MW <1 kDa is the dominant fraction among all the fractionated water samples. ClO2 oxidized NOM to more hydrophilic and smaller organic fractions as seen in the NOM fraction with MWCO <1 kDa. ClO2 preoxidation reduced THM concentrations but produced chlorite (ClO2 –) and chlorate (ClO3 –). The increase in ClO2 doses enhanced the reduction percentages of THMs during subsequent chlorination in water samples without or with bromide application. Bromine incorporation was higher in ClO2ClO2 preoxidized TLW and BLW samples. As a result, the findings of this study demonstrated that ClO2 preoxidation prior to chlorination is an applicable strategy for control of THMs in water treatment.
    Źródło:
    Environment Protection Engineering; 2021, 47, 2; 125-137
    0324-8828
    Pojawia się w:
    Environment Protection Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Chlorine decay and formation of THM in Malaysia’s water distribution system
    Autorzy:
    Rashid, Aina Izzati Muhammad
    Rohani, Rosiah
    Jaafar, Othman
    Muhammad, Nur Shazwani
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032845.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    drinking water
    trihalomethane
    Malaysia
    disinfection
    woda pitna
    trihalogenometan
    Malezja
    dezynfekcja
    Opis:
    Chlorine is a popular disinfectant used in Malaysia in the treatment process of drinking water supply because of its effectiveness. The concentration of chlorine deteriorates upon travelling in the system due to its reaction with organic matter to produce carcinogenic substances known as disinfection by-products (DBP) such as trihalomethanes (THM). This study was conducted to investigate chlorine decay and THM formation in a state's drinking water distribution system in Malaysia specifically across a 24.9 km distance. EPANET 2.0 Software program was used to perform hydraulics and water quality analysis using the extended period simulation (EPS) for 24 hours demand pattern. A simulation of the water distribution system was performed to identify the formation of THM and its relationship between chlorine and total organic carbon (TOC). The value of THM was maintained at a lower level at the water treatment plant (WTP) than at the endpoint of the distribution system. At the endpoint, which was at the targeted industrial area, the level of THM was found to increase and the obtained data showed that its formation occurred along the investigated distribution system. THM formation manifested as the natural organic matter (NOM) presence along the pipe continuously reacted with chlorine which was dosed in the distribution system.
    Źródło:
    Environment Protection Engineering; 2021, 47, 4; 19-41
    0324-8828
    Pojawia się w:
    Environment Protection Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Health risk as a consequence of exposure to trihalomethanes in swimming pool water
    Autorzy:
    Bozym, M.
    Wzorek, M.
    Klosok-Bazan, I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/872856.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
    Tematy:
    health risk
    toxicological exposure
    human exposure
    trihalomethane
    toxicity
    swimming pool
    swimming water
    Opis:
    The article presents the formation and toxicity of trihalomethanes (THMs), substances belonging to Disinfection By- Products (DBP), formed as a result of pool water chlorination. Concentration of THMs in pool water has been standardised in Poland since recently. THMs concentration in pool water depends on multiple factors, mostly the method of water disinfection, including chlorine or organic substance (TOC) concentration. Apart from that, the level of exposure of swimmers to the toxic effect of THMs is affected by their content in the air of swimming pool halls, intensity of swimming as well as time of stay in the indoor swimming pool area. The water and air temperature as well as number of swimmers and time of their staying in pool have also significance influence on THMs concentration. In order to decrease the quantity of THMs in pool water, alternative disinfection agents are applied. Additionally, an efficiently operating pool ventilation system as well as proper water treatment method are also important. Because THMs are produced from organic material under the influence of the chlorination, the users can have an impact on decrease of the THMs concentration in pool water, for instance by taking a shower prior to entering the pool or by wearing a swim cap. The results of studies conducted in 2015 showed that the quantity of THMs in pool water depends on type of the pool (indoor, outdoor), water replacement frequency, water treatment system, chlorine dose and TOC content. In most collected samples, the THMs concentration exceeded the admissible norm (100 μg/L).
    W artykule omówiono powstawanie i działanie toksyczne trihalometanów (THM), związków należących do tzw. Disinfection By-Products (DBP), powstających w wyniku chlorowania wody w nieckach basenowych. Od niedawna w Polsce normuje się stężenie tych związków w wodzie basenowej. Stężenie THM w wodach w obiektach basenowych zależy od wielu czynników, głównie od sposobu dezynfekcji wody, w tym stężenia chloru oraz substancji organicznych (TOC). Poza tym na stopień narażenia pływaków na toksyczne działanie THM ma ich zawartość w powietrzu hali basenowych, intensywność pływania oraz czas przebywania na terenie pływalni. Ważna jest też temperatura wody i powietrza oraz ilość osób korzystających z basenu w danym czasie. W celu zmniejszenia ilości THM w wodzie basenowej stosuje się alternatywne środki dezynfekcji. Poza tym ważny jest sprawnie działający system wentylacji hali basenowej i odpowiedni sposób oczyszczania wody. Ponieważ THM są wytwarzane z udziałem substancji organicznych pod wpływem chlorowania, korzystający z basenów mogą wpłynąć na obniżenie poziomu THM, np. poprzez noszenie czepków oraz skorzystanie z prysznica przed wejściem do wody. Przeprowadzone w 2015 roku badania wykazały, że ilość THM w wodzie basenowej zależy od wielu czynników, w tym rodzaju basenu (kryty, odkryty), częstości wymian wody, rodzaju systemu jej oczyszczania, dawki chloru oraz zawartości TOC. W większości pobranych próbek stężenie THM przekraczało dopuszczalną normę (100 μg/L).
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 2017, 68, 4
    0035-7715
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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