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    Tytuł:
    Wpływ więźby sadzenia na wzrost i przeżywalność sosny zwyczajnej w okresie około 40 lat od założenia uprawy w zróżnicowanych warunkach siedliskowych
    The influence of plant spacing on growth and survival of Scots pine in various habitats during a 40 year period since stand establishment
    Autorzy:
    Gil, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1317297.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    uprawy lesne
    drzewa lesne
    wiezba drzew
    wiezba poczatkowa
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    wzrost roslin
    przezywalnosc
    warunki siedliskowe
    Scots pine
    plant spacing
    initial density
    survival of trees
    trees’ growth
    habitat conditions
    Opis:
    The aim of this research was to characterise the influence of plant spacing on the survival and growth of pines in dry and fresh coniferous forest habitats after almost 40 years since stand establishment. In this study, we compared seven types of spacing, including square, rectangular and triangular configurations, with initial densities ranging from 6944 units/ha to 15 625 units/ha. The research covered two sites where no tending interventions of selective character were performed throughout the growth period. We found that habitat conditions had an influence on tree survival as well as growth in thickness and height in the pine forest stands. In the less fertile habitat, where competition between trees was less intense, about 1,5 to 2 times more trees survived than in the more fertile habitat. Pines growing in the fresh coniferous forest were taller and had substantially larger diameter breast heights (dbh) in comparison to pines of the dry coniferous forest. Additionally, habitat conditions had an influence on the spacing effect correctness of the analysed features. In the poorer habitat this influence was stronger, which showed in a greater differentiation of the analysed parameters as compared to the more fertile habitat. Average dbh values of all trees on the Płock surface increased with decreasing initial density and ranged from 8,24 cm in variant A (15 625 units/ha) to 9,79 cm in variant C (6944 units/ha). On the Łąck surface, trees growing at a lower density (variants C and E) were significantly thicker than trees growing at densities between10 000 units/ha and 15 625 units/ha (spacing variants A, B, F, G). Furthermore, our results showed a significant influence of habitat conditions and plant spacing on the thickness of pines belonging to the 1st biosocial class. Moreover, we found a positive influence of triangular-shaped spacing on the trees' thickness increment in the fresh coniferous forest, which confirms reports from other authors. Hence, we can deduce that triangular spacing enables trees to make better use of their surrounding space which positively impacts on their growth parameters. Based on these results, we can conclude that, in pine forests, there is a significant influence of habitat conditions on tree survival and growth in thickness and height. This study also showed significant differences between the types of plant spacing and their effect on pine shafts in the II age class. However, a relationship between height growth rate and initial density was not observed. In both of the investigated habitats, the highest trees were observed at densities around 11 500 units/ha with triangular spacing enhancing this effect.
    Źródło:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2014, 75, 2; 117-125
    1732-9442
    2082-8926
    Pojawia się w:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The direct and indirect effect of fire on radial growth of Pinus koraiensis trees in a northern temperate forest of China
    Autorzy:
    Gao, Lushuang
    Zhang, Chunyu
    Zhao, Xiuhai
    Zhang, Li
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/956863.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    burned trees
    growth pattern
    competition
    climate
    korean pine
    Opis:
    The long-term effects of fire on the radial growth of Korean pines (Pinus koraiensis) in Changbai Mountain is poorly understood. In order to quantify the impact of fire on the radial growth of Korean pines, we measured ring widths and developed two tree-ring chronologies from 21 burned Korean pine trees that were damaged by fire in 1857 as well as 30 control trees in the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve, China. As expected, the growth rates of the burned trees were slower than those of the control trees in the first five years following the fire. However, beginning six years after the fire, the growth of the burned trees increased considerably, and this period of increased growth lasted 13 years, with moderate growth occurring throughout the 1866 to 1871 period. A difference in growth rates between burned and control tress was also observed for the 20 years since temperatures began markedly increasing in 1980. Burned trees tended to respond negatively to monthly minimum temperature, precipitation, and vapor pressure deficits (VPD), whereas the positive relationship between those factors and radial growth of control trees became stronger. In addition, the significantly negative effect of competition on radial growth was only observed among burned trees. These results demonstrated that the negative and direct effect of damage to physiological plant processes by fire only affected the years shortly after a fire occurred and then became obscured by its indirect effects, such as differential responses to climate and competition, which did persist for a long time. The indirect effect on radial growth over time could be explained by the variability in the relative strength of climatic responses and competition caused by fire.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2017, 78; 111-123
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wzrost gospodarczy regionów UE a ich innowacyjność
    The economic growth of EU regions and their innovation
    Autorzy:
    Dębkowska, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/398881.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
    Tematy:
    regionalny wzrost gospodarczy
    innowacyjność
    drzewa klasyfikacyjne
    regional economic growth
    regional innovation
    classification trees
    Opis:
    The purpose of this article is to assess the economic growth of regions of the European Union in terms of their innovation. As a variable describing the assumed economic growth, GDP, and innovation - the input and output indicators defined by the standards of the EIS. It was assumed that economic growth has a regional dimension. Verification was made by classification trees.
    Źródło:
    Ekonomia i Zarządzanie; 2012, 4, 4; 19-26
    2080-9646
    Pojawia się w:
    Ekonomia i Zarządzanie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Jakość hodowlana buka zwyczajnego (Fagus sylvatica L.) po 20 latach wzrostu na powierzchni proweniencyjnej w Nadleśnictwie Brzeziny
    Silvicultural quality of common beeches (Fagus sylvatica L.) after 20 years of growth on a provenance plot in Brzeziny Forest District
    Autorzy:
    Szeligowski, H.
    Buraczyk, W.
    Drozdowski, S.
    Andrzejczyk, T.
    Stępniarek, M.
    Dzwonkowski, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/980226.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    hodowla lasu
    drzewa lesne
    buk zwyczajny
    Fagus sylvatica
    jakosc hodowlana
    wzrost roslin
    pokroj
    doswiadczenia proweniencyjne
    Nadlesnictwo Brzeziny
    provenance plots
    growth traits of trees
    tree habit
    silvicultural quality
    Opis:
    Paper presents an analysis of phenotypical variation and an evaluation of silvicultural quality of progeny from 27 beech stands around Poland that grow on the provenance plot in the Brzeziny Forest District (51.791997°N, 19.813841°E). The trial commenced in spring 1996, on the basis of 2−year−old saplings with covered root systems. A randomised block method with 3 replications was applied, with subsequent measurements and analyses carried out in 2015, following 20 years of growth. The considered features included height, breast−height diameter, crown habit, trunk curvature and height of branching. Single−factor analysis of variance and Tukey’s HSD test were applied to determine the significance of differences among provenances. The largest mean height was attained by beeches originating from Gdańsk, Szczecinek and Bierzwnik. The least−tall beeches were in turn those whose origins were in Tomaszów, Łagów and Grodzisk. The greatest intra−population variation in height characterised the beeches from Gryfino and Krucz, while the most limited variation was noted for Gdańsk population. The beeches of greatest girth were again those deriving from Gdańsk, Bierzwnik and Szczecinek populations, as well as the one from Kwidzyn 15. The lowest values for diameter at breast height were again noted for the Grodzisk, Tomaszów and Łagów provenances. Marked intra−population variation in this feature characterised trees from the Gryfino, Bieszczady National Park (42), Zdrojów and Krucz provenances. The populations also differered in relation to analysed more−qualitative features. The group of populations prized most in terms of their overall silvicultural quality included Gryfino, Grodzisk, Zdrojów, Bieszczady National Park, Bierzwnik and Szczecinek provenances. In contrast, only low quality was manifested by beeches from Tomaszów, Rymanów, Wejherowo, Młynary, Golub− −Dobrzyń and Kwidzyn provenances. In general, populations originating from the north (especially Pomerania) achieved better growth and a more favourable quality evaluation than those from the south, and sites located near the range limits of the species (fig. 7). The obtained results show that northern Poland boasts the most plastic populations of beech. Equally, it was not possible to establish that populations of local origin were superior in terms of growth to those originating in more far−flung parts of Poland. Furthermore, assessments of different populations in terms of their growth and quality features often proved highly disparate.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 07; 590-600
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Optymalizacja kształtu i struktury drzewa według teorii jednorodnego rozkładu naprężeń
    Optimization of tree structure and shape according to axiom of uniform stress
    Autorzy:
    Zajaczkowska, U.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/972902.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    wlasciwosci mechaniczne
    wzrost roslin
    biomechanika
    rozklad naprezen jednorodny
    obliczenia
    lesnictwo
    drzewa lesne
    trees mechanical properties
    biomechanics
    adaptive growth
    axiom of uniform stress
    mechanical self−optimization of trees
    Opis:
    A review of optimization methods based on the axiom of uniform stress and finite element method (FEM) developed by Mattheck is given. Computer−aided optimization (CAO) and computer−aided internal organization (CAIO) methods for modeling adaptive growth of trees are described. Examples of mechanical self−optimization of internal structure and tree shape under various environmental conditions e.g. control of spiral grain formation, xylem ray structure, stem wound regeneration, sable−shaped tree stems, root system growth are discussed.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2006, 150, 04; 53-58
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wzory empiryczne do określania wieku drzew robinii akacjowej (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) na podstawie obwodu pnia
    Equations for predicting age of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) based on the tree circumference
    Autorzy:
    Węgiel, A.
    Maliński, T.
    Bocianowski, J.
    Rączka, G.
    Sugiero, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986973.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    dendrometria
    robinia akacjowa
    Robinia pseudoacacia
    obwod pnia
    wiek drzew
    wzory empiryczne
    tree age
    diameter
    circumference
    growth
    arboriculture
    urban trees
    Opis:
    In Poland black locust grows generally in parks, gardens and along roads and in forests as well. During dendrological inventories specialists often need information about age of a tree. Simple noninvasive methods utilize mainly relation between age and size of a tree. One of such methods is mathematical formula describing relation between tree's diameter (or circumference) and its age. The main objectives of the presented paper is to elaborate such formulae for trees growing either in forests stands or in an open space (single tree, trees alley or small groups). Relations between tree's age and circumference were analyzed on the background of measured trees growing in forests administrated by the State Forests National Forest Holding from a whole territory of Poland. The formulae describing relation between tree's age and circumference were developed based on 20,302 database records for trees growing in forest stands and 6267 records for trees growing in an open space. In both cases power functions showed the best matching (tab. 1) in 95% confidence interval and which lead to construction of the age tables (tab. 2 and 3). Both elaborated formulae were tested and checked out with four series of measurement data. Three control series (1 – ‘Siemianice', 2 – ‘WPN' and 3 – ‘Zielonka') show compatibility with analysed formulae, while the fourth one (4 – ‘Poznan') differed substantially. The probable reason of such situation lies in the fact that this series represented trees growing in urban conditions and having completely different growth rate.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 10; 831-841
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Budowa pni drzew jednoliściennych
    Stem structure of monocotyledonous trees
    Autorzy:
    Jura-Morawiec, J.
    Tulik, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1009031.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    dendrologia
    jednoliscienne
    drzewa
    Asparagaceae
    Asphodelaceae
    Laxmanniaceae
    Ruscaceae
    Arecaceae
    Pandanaceae
    pnie drzew
    przyrost drzew
    przyrosty wtorne
    anomalous cambium
    diffuse secondary growth
    wood
    monocotyledonous trees
    Opis:
    This paper describes process of secondary stem growth in monocotyledonous trees realized by anomalous cambium or diffuse secondary growth. The anatomical structure of stem wood and external covering tissues are also described.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2010, 154, 11; 755-763
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analiza dendroklimatologiczna przyrostów radialnych inwazyjnych Acer negundo L. oraz Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall z doliny Warty
    Dendroclimatological analysis of radial increments of invasive Acer negundo L. and Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall from the Warta river valley
    Autorzy:
    Zajdler, M.
    Tyborski, J.
    Dyderski, M.K.
    Jagodziński, A.M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986674.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewa lesne
    gatunki inwazyjne
    klon jesionolistny
    Acer negundo
    jesion pensylwanski
    Fraxinus pennsylvanica
    przyrost drzew
    przyrosty radialne
    analiza dendroklimatyczna
    dolina Warty
    Poznan
    riparian habitats
    dendroclimatology
    alien trees
    radial growth
    Opis:
    Invasive tree species are one of the most important threats to the riparian ecosystems. We aimed to check (1) whether invasive tree species have wider annual radial increments than native species and (2) which climatic factors (describing annual variability of air temperature and precipitations) influence radial growth of the investigated species. The study was conducted in the Warta river valley in Poznań (W Poland). Detrended chronologies were built using 28 cores bored from Acer negundo and 20 from Fraxinus pennsylvanica. Mean annual radial increment of A. negundo was of 3.91 ±0.19 mm and of F. pennsylvanica – 2.76 ±0.08 mm. Radial growth of A. negundo was significantly correlated to precipitation in June of the increment year and temperature in November of the year before the increment. In turn, radial growth of F. pennsylvanica was significantly correlated to precipitation in April and temperature in May and June of the increment year. These factors explained 44 and 55% of variance in radial increments widths of A. negundo and F. pennsylvanica, respectively. Annual radial growth of the alien species studied were higher than in case of native riparian species. Thus, studied invasive species constitute a serious threat for the analysed riparian ecosystems. Obtained results may be helpful for predicting their spread under projected climate change scenarios.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 07; 547-554
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Intensywność przyrostu miąższości świerka z Beskidów Zachodnich
    The rate of volume growth in the Beskid Zachodni spruce
    Autorzy:
    Orzeł, S.
    Maruszewski, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1016309.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    dendrometria
    Beskidy Zachodnie
    wiek drzewostanu
    intensywnosc przyrostu miazszosci
    swierk
    Picea
    wysokosc nad poziomem morza
    drzewostany swierkowe
    przyrost miazszosci
    lesnictwo
    drzewa lesne
    spruce
    volume growth rate
    position of trees above sea level
    correlation coefficient
    Opis:
    The research material including the results of a full analysis of 171 spruce stems, selected from among 57 stands growing at altitudes of 600−1,200 m a.s.l. indicated a significant impact of the position of a stand above sea level on volume growth rate and age of its culmination. Of the three properties dbh, height and basal area growth explain the greatest range of variability of growth rate (from 75% to 91.1%). Equations developed on the basis of the above mentioned properties allow determining the values for growth rates with the mean error of 7.17−13.97%.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2007, 151, 01; 41-50
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dynamika procesu zamierania drzew w Sudetach w latach 2002-2018
    Dynamics of tree mortality in the Sudety Mts. in years 2002-2018
    Autorzy:
    Bruchwald, A.
    Dmyterko, E.
    Mionskowski, M.
    Wrzesiński, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985747.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Sudety
    drzewa lesne
    zamieranie drzew
    zlomy
    wywroty
    drewno pokleskowe
    posusz
    lata 2002-2018
    gatunki lasotworcze
    swierk
    modrzew
    buk
    jodla
    daglezja
    przyrosty radialne
    wiek drzew
    damage caused by drought and wind
    volume of deadwood
    wind−broken and wind−fallen trees
    radial growth
    Opis:
    The aim of the study was to present two issues concerning forests in the Sudety Mts. (SW Poland): 1) the process of tree mortality in individual years in the period between 2002 and 2018, as well as 2) the analysis of the radial growth of the main tree species (i.e. spruce, larch, beech, fir and Douglas fir). The intensity of the process of tree mortality is evidenced by the volume of wind−broken or wind−fallen trees and deadwood. The record volume of post−hurricane wood was harvested after the hurricane ‘Cyril’ (January 2007). The volume of wood removed in 2007−2008 amounted to 1.4 million m3. Quite a high share of wind−broken and wind−fallen trees in the volume of harvested wood raw material concerned the years 2002, 2003, 2006, 2008 and 2018. In the latter year, the damage was caused by the hurricane ‘Grzegorz’. The record removal of deadwood occurred in 2016 following an exceptionally severe drought in the 2015 growing season. The high volume of deadwood in 2017 and 2018 was augmented by quite a high volume of wind−broken and wind−fallen trees. Spruce and larch showed the strongest response to severe drought in 2015 by lowering the increment in diameter and producing a narrow layer of latewood, while the response of beech and Douglas fir was the slightest. No such response was found in fir. The main tree species in the Sudetes is spruce, which quickly disappears from this area. It is necessary to look for such species of trees that might replace spruce, i.e. species more suitable to changing climatic conditions, such as beech, oak, ash, sycamore, pine and larch – but also fir and Douglas fir. The latter two species show a high tolerance to changing climatic conditions, and a high potential in the production of wood.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 12; 969-979
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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