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Tytuł:
Target association in the process of tracking radar and AIS integration
Asocjacja obiektów w procesie integracji radaru śledzącego i AIS
Autorzy:
Kazimierski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/360439.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
śledzenie obiektów
integracja radar-AIS
radar śledzący
target tracking
radar–AIS integration
tracking radar
Opis:
The article presents issues connected with association of radar and AIS targets in the process of integration of this two systems. Theoretical analysis of the problem has been carried out. IMO requirements has been depicted and included in three association criteria proposed, which sequentially implemented in the algorithm allow firm association of radar and AIS targets. The general condition for association has been presented and it has been subsequently detailed for each criterion. As the basic test association of the position has been taken and it can be supplemented by association of movement vector and history of association in the furtherer steps. In each case the association gate has been defined. The sizes of gates, which allow to consider chosen criterion as fulfilled has been determined by analysis. The presented association algorithms may be used as the first step of radar–AIS integration to lead to multisensory vector fusion in the consecutive steps
W artykule przedstawiono problematykę związaną z asocjacją obiektów radarowych i AIS w ramach procesu integracji tych dwóch systemów. Przeprowadzono teoretyczną analizę zagadnienia. Opisano wymagania IMO i z ich uwzględnieniem zaproponowano trzy kryteria asocjacji, które zastosowane sekwencyjnie w algorytmie pozwolą na jednoznaczne wskazanie przyporządkowanych obiektów z radaru i AIS. Przedstawiono ogólny warunek asocjacji, który następnie rozwinięto szczegółowo dla poszczególnych kryteriów. Jako test podstawowy przyjęto asocjację pozycji, która w kolejnych krokach może być uzupełniona o asocjację wektora ruchu i historii asocjacji w poprzednich krokach. W każdym przypadku zdefiniowano bramkę asocjacyjną. Na drodze analitycznej wyznaczono wielkości bramek, a więc konkretne wartości, które pozwolą uznać wybrane kryterium za spełnione. Zaprezentowane algorytmy asocjacji mogą stanowić pierwszy etap integracji obiektów śledzonych przez radar i AIS, aby w kolejnych doprowadzić do fuzji wektorów z obu systemów.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2010, 22 (94); 18-22
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Influence of the Ship Yawing on the Target Tracking Process
Autorzy:
Juszkiewicz, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/320534.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polskie Forum Nawigacyjne
Tematy:
ARPA
śledzenie radarem
radar tracking
Opis:
Precision of the data obtained in the object tracking process performed by the ARPA systems, depends very much on weather conditions. Main factors resulting from bad weather conditions and having an influence on the precision of object tracking process are ship's rolling and yawing. Results of the experiment conducted in the ARPA simulator, whose objective was to define tracking errors resulting from ship yawing, are presented in this paper.
Źródło:
Annual of Navigation; 2008, 13; 67-74
1640-8632
Pojawia się w:
Annual of Navigation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Radar characteristics of precipitation affecting the tracking of ship’s radar objects
Autorzy:
Revenko, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2211920.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
ships tracking
radar
radar characteristics
tracking of ship's radar objects
radar objects
ship's radar
precipitation
ship's radar antenna
Opis:
In this paper, we consider the possibility of using the radar characteristics of precipitation in order to reduce the negative impact of the echo signal generated by them on the radar tracking of objects performed by the ship’s radar. In the formation of an echo signal by precipitation, both the precipitation particles themselves: their size, state (solid or liquid phase), shape, and the factors that determine their combined action (concentration, relative position, preferred orientation), are important. The size of rain particles when compared to the wavelength emitted by the ship's radar antenna contributes to the creation of a larger or smaller noise echo on the display of the ship's radar, the power of which in the Rayleigh scattering region toward the radar is characterized by the effective scattering area. Falling raindrops are a collection of randomly located reflectors and their scattering properties depend on the spatial distribution and regularity of movement. At the same time, the radar characteristics of clouds with precipitation generated by them can be used in ship radars to determine the intensity of the atmospheric process along the ship’s route, and the uncertainty in determining the attenuation of the power of an electromagnetic wave emitted by a ship’s radar antenna and passing through the precipitation zone can be reduced by simultaneous use of two wavelengths on which ship’s radars operate.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2022, 16, 3; 491--494
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Software implementation of multiple model neural filter for radar target tracking
Autorzy:
Kazimierski, W.
Wawrzyniak, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/359024.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
radar target tracking
multiple model filters
neural networks
Opis:
The paper presents a software implementation of multiple model neural filter for radar target tracking. Such a filter may be proposed as an interesting alternative for numerical filters. The main purpose of software implementation is to provide a tool for complex research of the filter possibilities and adjusting options. A concept of a filter is briefly mentioned, however the main body of paper is focused on user-approach detailed description of application with UML use-case diagrams. Examples of detailed presentation of usecases are given and the general use-case diagram for application is included. The application itself is to be an advanced tool for researchers interested in analyzing target tracking process, providing different tracking methods and the possibility of adjusting their parameters. The possibility of simulating any scenario, as well as working with real data (also on-line) was ensured. The research was financed by Polish National Centre of Science under the research project “Development of radar target tracking methods of floating targets with the use of multiple model neural filtering”.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2012, 32 (104) z. 2; 88-93
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The analysis of methods of interaction between elementary filters in multiple model tracking filter in marine radars
Autorzy:
Kazimierski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/359032.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
radar target tracking
multiple model filters
manoeuvre detection
Opis:
Radar target tracking on a sea-going ship is a basic source of information about movement of other vessels, influencing directly safety of navigation. The research on improving of tracking methods has led to a new concept of multiple model neural filtration, which is a combination of multiple model approach with the use of artificial neural networks for the needs of estimation of movement vector. One of the key issue during designing of filter id to establish rules of interaction between elementary filters. The paper presents the most popular methods of manoeuvre detection and interaction of elementary filters in the numerical filtration. The modifications of them for the needs of neural tracking are proposed. Additionally, a concept of use of probabilistic neural network for this purpose is described. The idea was checked in the experimental research with the use of simulation. The result of the research confirmed usefulness of using PNN in multiple model filtration, showing however simultaneously the directions of future research in this. The research was financed by Polish National Centre of Science under the research project “Development of radar target tracking methods of floating targets with the use of multiple model neural filtering”.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2012, 32 (104) z. 2; 81-87
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerically Stable and Efficient Implementation of a Continuous-Discrete Multiple-Model Estimator
Autorzy:
Sankowski, M.
Buda, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226632.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
radar tracking
continuous-time systems
nonlinear filtering
numerical complexity
implementation
Opis:
This paper deals with the problem of implementing adaptive radar tracking filters based on continuous-time models of target motion and on discrete-time models of measurement process. The particular difficulties addressed include: nonlinear and non-stationary target movement models with uncertain parameters, and low data rate due to a rotating radar antenna. The proposed tracking filter relies basically on the continuous-discrete variant of the extended Kalman filter (EKF), the probabilistic data association (PDA) technique and the interacting multiplemodel (IMM) state estimation scheme. Numerical properties of the algorithm are discussed and a software implementation is developed using the open-source BLAS library. Several design concepts are combined to assure numerical stability, convergence and efficiency of the estimator.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2013, 59, 4; 369-374
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On Scientific Realism and Instrumentalism in Manoeuvring Target Modelling and Tracking
Autorzy:
Sankowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226485.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
radar tracking
manoeuvring targets
modelling
state estimation
scientific realism/instrumentalism
Opis:
The basic problem of tracking manoeuvring moving objects (e.g. aircrafts, ships) lies in unpredictability of object manoeuvres, with respect to the time of occurrence, duration and the type of trajectory. In this paper most representative methods of modelling and state estimation techniques applied to Manoeuvring Target Tracking (MTT) are briefly reviewed. Classification of existing approaches is made in the context of realistic and instrumentalistic paradigms of the philosophy of science. A practical example is also given that shows the impact of selecting models and estimation methods on the performance of the tracking filter for Air Traffic Control (ATC) radar.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2011, 57, 2; 199-208
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the form of presentation of graphic-tracked target data – sectors of dangerous courses
Autorzy:
Juszkiewicz, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/135569.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
ARPA
safety of navigation
radar tracking
target data presentation
sector of danger
IMO performance standards
Opis:
At present, providing a clear presentation of the navigational situation around a navigator’s own ship (OS) is one of the most important issues facing device manufacturers. Integration of navigational devices on the bridge has made it possible to transfer information and present it in the form chosen by the navigator screen. However, this may cause a decrease in the clarity of information and hamper its interpretation. The ability to select the best information, and that which is most needed at a given moment, depends on navigator proficiency. Vectors are still the basic form of the graphic presentation of radar-tracked object data. However, the ability to track more objects at the same time in crowded areas results in a decrease in readability and can cause errors. This article introduces the possibility of presenting information about collision danger in the form of Dangerous Courses Sectors (DCS) together with an analysis of changes in these during typical ship encounter situations. DCS are calculated on the base of Dangerous Passing Areas (DPA) as bearings on the marginal points of these areas.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2018, 53 (125); 68-73
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of atmospheric precipitations on the operation of a ship’s radar
Autorzy:
Revenko, Vitaliy Yu
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29521049.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
ship’s radar
wavelength
precipitation intensity
radar tracking of the object
effective absorption area
effective total scattering area
specific absorption coefficient
tracking range of the object
Opis:
The effects of precipitation of varying intensity on the operation of a ship’s radar are considered. It is shown that during the propagation of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna of a ship’s radar, its energy is absorbed by precipitation. To determine the power loss of an electromagnetic wave due to its absorption by particles of precipitation, the effective absorption area, specific absorption coefficient, and specific effective total scattering area are used. The effective areas of absorption and total scattering depend on the shape of the precipitation particles, their size, state of aggregation, and the length of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna of the ship’s radar. The dependence of the effective absorption area on the particle size of precipitation is obtained at two wavelengths of 3 cm and 10 cm, on which the ship’s radars operate. A decrease in the tracking range of an object tracked by a ship’s radar in the case of rain falling is established compared with the tracking range of an object in clear weather. It is shown that a decrease in the tracking range of an object occurs only with moderate, strong, and very heavy rain. The attenuation of electromagnetic energy in rain with an intensity of 12.5 mm/h at a wavelength of 3 cm is obtained by calculation, which amounted to 24 dB with a length of the falling rain zone of 50 km, as well as with rain with an intensity of 100 mm/h with the same length of the precipitation zone.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2023, 73 (145); 82-89
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of Automatic Identification System on Safety of Navigation at Sea
Autorzy:
Stupak, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117256.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
marine navigation
Automatic Identification System (AIS)
safety at sea
Safety of Navigation
Gulf of Gdansk
vessel traffic service (VTS)
Radar Target
Radar Tracking
Opis:
Detection of small crafts/targets, in particular, sailing yachts with the ship's radar is not always possible. Radar reflectors are used to improve their detection. The AIS (Automatic Identification System) transmits position, motion vector and identification signals of a vessel to other ships and VTS (Vessel Traffic Services) centers . This system significantly increases the possibility to detect small crafts. The paper presents results of comparative study of using information from the Automatic Identification System and from radar to determine the accuracy of tracking the position and motion vector of ships in the Gulf of Gdansk. Possibilities and limitations of the AIS are also presented.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2014, 8, 3; 337-341
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparative Study of the Accuracy of AIS and ARPA Indications. Part 1. Accuracy of the CPA Indications
Autorzy:
Wawruch, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117390.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Automatic Identification System (AIS)
ARPA
Closest Point of Approach (CPA)
accuracy
CPA Accuracy
comparative study
radar tracking
AIS target
Opis:
According to the IMO recommendation when the target data from radar tracking and AIS are both available and the association criteria are fulfilled such that the radar and AIS information are considered as for one physical target, then as a default condition in radar equipment should be automatically selected and displayed the AIS target symbol and the alphanumerical AIS target data only. The article presents research conducted in real sea conditions on the reliability of information presented by the ship's AIS and ARPA about the passing distance with the other vessel tracked by radar equipment and fitted with AIS.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2018, 12, 3; 439-443
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Radar target detection based on methods of image pattern matching
Autorzy:
Tong, L.
Heymann, F.
Noack, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/359156.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
detection
tracking
radar images
image pattern matching
algorithms
Opis:
This paper studies the performance of pattern matching algorithms with the goal of the detection and tracking of vessel targets in maritime radar images. We compare different methods using a database which consists of radar images from two different manufactures. The data covers a timespan of roughly 4 hours with a one second time resolution. The performance of 3 template matching and 5 feature detector algorithms is tested and the most suitable algorithm is chosen for further optimizations. These optimizations are based on the properties of the radar images and the properties of the radar target.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2013, 36 (108) z. 1; 162-167
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Algorithm for Target Tracking Using Passive Radar
Autorzy:
Malanowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/226412.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
passive coherent location
passive bistatic radar
target tracking
Opis:
In the paper the problem of target tracking in passive radar is addressed. Passive radar measures bistatic parameters of a target: bistatic range and bistatic velocity. The aim of the tracking algorithm is to convert the bistatic measurements into Cartesian coordinates. In the paper a two-stage tracking algorithm is presented, using bistatic and Cartesian tracking. In addition, a target localization algorithm is applied to initialize Cartesian tracks from bistatic measurements. The tracking algorithm is tested using simulated and real data. The real data were obtained from an FM-based passive radar called PaRaDe, developed at Warsaw University of Technology.
Źródło:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications; 2012, 58, 4; 345-350
2300-1933
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of passive and active radar systems
Autorzy:
Žáčik, N.
Novák, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/253633.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy TTS
Tematy:
tracking system
passive radar system
active radar system
radar network
pasywny system radarowy
aktywny system radarowy
sieć radarowa
Opis:
This article presents the conclusion from my two theses, Comparison of tracking systems and Tracking systems. In the first part with title Comparison of tracking system, was my work focused to research of primary and secondary radar technology with very detailed description and principle of their use. This part of my research consists also from comparison of those two different types of technologies, their advantages and disadvantages. This research was the base stone for my second part of thesis with title: Tracking systems and conclusions, summarized in this article. The second part of thesis is more focused to civil and army passive radar and meteorological technology. The main topic is: how to build up the new radar network by using passive radar technology and what are the advantages and disadvantages of this concept, in comparison with actual primary and secondary radar network. I have chosen Slovak Republic for new network planning but this theory and research is applicable for all the other countries, with some minor changes. This topic is focused mainly to advantages of passive surveillance system and multilateration.
Źródło:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego; 2015, 12; 1709-1712, CD
1232-3829
2543-5728
Pojawia się w:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Target Tracking in RIS
Autorzy:
Kazimierski, W.
Stateczny, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116190.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
Inland Navigation
river information service (RIS)
Target Tracking
RIS System
Tracking System
Vessel Tracking
vessel traffic service (VTS)
radar
Opis:
The article treats of problems bound with the tracking of surface water targets in RIS systems. A concept of RIS has been briefly presented, indicating the need for locating in them the tracking and tracing of ships. The most popular sensors used for the purpose have been characterised, the most important relevant documents have been presented and the requirements set for tracking systems have been described.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2009, 3, 4; 385-390
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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