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    Tytuł:
    Argumentationstopoi und kontrastierendes Framing im aktuellen deutschen Sterbehilfediskurs
    Topoi of argumentation and contrastive framing in the current German debate on euthanasia
    Autorzy:
    Pohl, Inge
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/473946.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski i Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
    Tematy:
    contrastive discourse linguistics
    debate on euthanasia
    topoi of argumentation
    Opis:
    The current German discourse on euthanasia may readily be reduced to the main topic of ‘Pro vs. Contra active euthanasia’. In this respect, we are dealing not so much with a factual debate but, rather, with attempts at exerting considerable influence on opponents’ emotional attitude towards (active) euthanasia. Based on publicly communicated texts, the Author identifies contrasting modes of thought which, during the last two decades, have determined a set of emotionally charged arguments thus constituting the discourse topic as a communicative reality. It will be shown that opponents of the discourse support the contrasting emotional assessment of (active) euthanasia by means of context-specific topoi of argumentation. Since these topoi cannot be described linguistically without making reference to a cognitive-semantic representation format, we will use the frame approach as a more comprehensive model. Based on knowledge-based analysis that specific knowledge will be elicited, which, on a deep semantic level, underlies various competing discourse contributions and constitutes a discourse topic based on an excerpt of a thinking pattern typical of its time.
    Der aktuelle deutsche Sterbehilfediskurs lässt sich auf das Hauptthema „Pro vs. Contra (aktive) Sterbehilfe“ reduzieren, wobei es weniger um eine Sachdebatte als um eine Beeinflussung der emotionalen Einstellung zur (aktiven) Sterbehilfe beim Diskursgegner geht. Aus öffentlich kommunizierten Texten werden die kontrastierenden Denkweisen ermittelt, die innerhalb der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte die emotional geführte Argumentation bestimmen und damit das Diskursthema als kommunikative Wirklichkeit konstituieren. Gezeigt wird, dass die Diskursgegner die kontrastierende emotionale Bewertung der (aktiven) Sterbehilfe mit Hilfe von kontextspezifischen Argumentationstopoi stützen. Da diese linguistisch nicht ohne Bezug auf ein kognitiv-semantisches Repräsentationsformat beschreibbar sind, wird der Frame-Ansatz als das umfassendere Modell herangezogen. Im Ergebnis der wissensbezogenen Analyse wird dasjenige verstehensrelevante Wissen eruiert, das den konkurrierenden Diskursbeiträgen tiefensemantisch zugrunde liegt und einen Ausschnitt zeittypischen Denkens zum Diskursthema ausmacht.
    Źródło:
    tekst i dyskurs - text und diskurs; 2012, 5; 173-203
    1899-0983
    Pojawia się w:
    tekst i dyskurs - text und diskurs
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Historia i przemiany topoi jako źródło renesansowej reformy dialektyki
    Autorzy:
    Ryszka-Kurczab, Magdalena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/636417.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Tematy:
    history of dialectic, history of rhetoric, topoi, loci, sources of argumentation, dialectical disputation, Aristotle, Cicero, Boethius
    Opis:
    The history and changes of topoi as an impulse for the renaissance reform of dialecticThe following article presents the most important stages in the history of dialectic in the light of the changes of the topoi theory, from Aristotle’s Topics and Rhetoric, to Cicero’s Topica, Boethius’s tractates (In Ciceronis topica and De topicis differentiis) to the Medieval tradition. The author explains the most important shifts in the nature and function of loci between the 4th c. BC and the 16th c. AD, which allows a better understanding of the reasons of the fierce criticism of dialectic by Renaissance humanists, such as Lorenzo Valla or Rudolf Agricola, as well as the attempts they made to reform it. Aristotle is considered the first creator of topoi that he discussed in the Topics and the second book of the Rhetoric. The right context for understanding the function of loci is a dialectical disputation with its specificity. It seems that for Aristotle topoi were sources of arguments as well as sources of argumentation premises. He acknowledged topos in at least two ways: as a strategy for finding an argument that allows to win a dialectical discussion and as a rule of inference. For the later tradition of loci Cicero’s and Boethius’s commentaries on Topics were significant. Cicero wrote his Topica for a lawyer, Gaius Trebarius Testa, and ignored the context of dialectical disputation that was so important for Aristotle. For Cicero, topos (or locus) is the seat of arguments (sedes argumentorum). Referring to Aristotle’s division of rhetorical modes of persuasion, Cicero divided loci into intrinsic and extrinsic topics. Loci seem to work as pigeon holes, general headings under which one should look for arguments. Following the Stoics, Cicero considered dialectic and rhetoric to be two parts of the general science of logos. He also adopted the Stoics’ conception of dialectic as ars bene disserendi and divided it into two parts: the finding of arguments, i.e. ratio inveniendi (topike), and the judging of them (ratio iudicandi). Boethius, a crucial figure in the history of dialectic as a translator of Aristotle’s Organon, abandoned Cicero’s definition of topos as the seat of arguments and adopted Themistius’ (an early commentator on Aristotle) understanding of locus as a tool for justifying inference. Moreover, he identified topics with propositiones maximae, which are universal and well-known propositions that ‘need no proof (probation), but rather themselves provide proof for things that are in doubt’. Loci are also understood by Boethius to be genera of these universal and undoubted propositions (so called differentiae) and to contain them. According to Boethius, loci are principles of demonstration, they guarantee the validity of an argument. Such approach distinctly subordinates the art of inventing an argument (inventio) to the art of justifying its conclusion (iudicium). Medieval logicians, such as Abelard, Petrus Juliani, Albert the Great, William Sherwood or Lambert of Auxerre, adopted Boethius’ rather than Cicero’s or Aristotle’s approach to the loci. It was not until the Renaissance humanists tried to change the state of the matters, that projects of “new dialectic” were created. Humanists, such as Lorenzo Valla and Rudolf Argicola, aimed to rediscover the real meaning of Aristotle’s Topics and to broaden the way loci were used. Their efforts had a common source: the belief that scholastic dialectic was inadequate to what it was supposed to be in Aristotle’s view.
    Źródło:
    Terminus; 2014, 16, 2(31)
    2084-3844
    Pojawia się w:
    Terminus
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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