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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Leaching kinetics of atrazine and inorganic chemicals in tilled and orchard soils
    Autorzy:
    Szajdak, L.W.
    Lipiec, J.
    Siczek, A.
    Nosalewicz, A.
    Majewska, U.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/25267.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    leaching
    kinetics
    atrazine
    inorganic chemical
    tilled soil
    orchard soil
    Opis:
    The aim of this study was to verify first-order kinetic reaction rate model performance in predicting of leaching of atrazine and inorganic compounds (K+1, Fe+3, Mg+2, Mn+2, NH4 +, NO3 - and PO4 -3) from tilled and orchard silty loam soils. This model provided an excellent fit to the experimental concentration changes of the compounds vs. time data during leaching. Calculated values of the first-order reaction rate constants for the changes of all chemicals were from 3.8 to 19.0 times higher in orchard than in tilled soil. Higher first-order reaction constants for orchard than tilled soil correspond with both higher total porosity and contribution of biological pores in the former. The first order reaction constants for the leaching of chemical compounds enables prediction of the actual compound concentration and the interactions between compound and soil as affected by management system. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of simultaneous chemical and physical analyses as a tool for the understanding of leaching in variously managed soils.
    Źródło:
    International Agrophysics; 2014, 28, 2
    0236-8722
    Pojawia się w:
    International Agrophysics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effects of land use on leaching of nitrate-N, ammonium-N and phosphate in relation to stained surface area
    Autorzy:
    Lipiec, J.
    Nosalewicz, A.
    Siczek, A.
    Kotowska, U.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/25815.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    ammonium
    land use
    leachate
    leaching
    macroelement
    nitrate
    orchard soil
    phosphate
    soil structure
    stained surface area
    tilled soil
    soil management
    management effect
    environmental impact
    economic impact
    nutrient concentration
    soil solution
    Źródło:
    International Agrophysics; 2011, 25, 2
    0236-8722
    Pojawia się w:
    International Agrophysics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Changes in Essential Soil Nutrients and Soil Disturbance Directly Affected Soil Microbial Community Structure: A Metagenomic Approach
    Autorzy:
    Wiryawan, Adam
    Eginarta, Wahyu Satria
    Hermanto, Feri Eko
    Ustiatik, Reni
    Dinira, Layta
    Mustafa, Irfan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173263.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    forest soil
    metagenome
    soil bacteria
    soil nutrients
    tilled land
    Opis:
    Soil environment, both biotic (e.g., microbial community) and abiotic (e.g., nutrients and water availability) factors determine soil fertility and health and are directly affected by soil management systems. However, only limited studies evaluate the combined effect of nutrients availability and soil disturbance on the soil bacteria community structure, especially in conventional agricultural practices, on the forests converted to agricultural land. This study aimed to provide a viewpoint of the effect of different soil management systems, i.e., forest soil (natural process) and tilled land, on soil bacteria community structure on forest converted to agricultural land, according to a metagenomics approach. Moreover, each land use was sampled to identify the bacterial community using 16S gene as a biomarker. The sequencing was performed using MinION (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) to read the DNA sequence from each soil sample. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to comprehend the relationship between availability of nutrients and bacterial diversity. The results revealed that the concentrations of soil micronutrients, such as iron, zinc, and magnesium, were significantly higher in forest soil than in tilled land. According to diversity indices, soil bacteria were more diverse in forest soil than in tilled land. Forest soil had more distinctive taxa than tilled land. Several species comprised the most abundant taxa, such as Candidatus Koribacter versatilis, Candidatus Solibacter usiatus, Rhodoplanes sp., Luteitalea pratensis, and Betaproteobacteria bacterium, were more scarce in tilled land. On the distinctive taxa in each soil sample, Anseongella ginsenosidimutans and Janthinobacterium sp. were the most abundant species in forest and tilled land, respectively. According to PCA analysis, soil management system affected the soil micro-and macronutrients also microbial community structure between forest and tilled land. In conclusion, soil management influences the essential nutrient content and bacterial community structure of soil. Better management should be adopted to maintain soil quality near forest soil.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 7; 238--245
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Laser-scanner used in a wind tunnel to quantify soil erosion
    Autorzy:
    Asensio, C.
    Weber, J.
    Lozano, F.J.
    Mielnik, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082510.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    soil roughness
    tilled soils
    wind erosion
    soil
    loss
    Opis:
    A methodology was developed in order to estimate wind erosion by comparing the differences in soil loss with a 3D laser scanner inside a wind tunnel, to relate the change in soil micro-relief to soil loss. We evaluated the effectiveness of a low-cost laser scanner in a wind tunnel for examining the winddependent variation in soil surface micro-topography, thereby enabling soil wind erosion to be quantified both quickly and accurately. We, therefore, studied the effect of soil crusting in an intensive horticultural crop, low-tilled soil (once a year) in cereal cultivation, and tilled soil (several times a year) in an ecological citrus orchard, paying attention to the changes occurring when soils are tilled. Moreover, we observed an aggregation effect of CaCO3 in the wind-erodible fraction, a protective effect of surface stoniness against a direct impact of wind and the incidence of soil particle content. Different behaviour, in terms of random roughness, is due to more stones and/or remnant vegetation being highly resistant to wind in Calcisol, Cambisol, Fluvisol and Arenosol plots, thus increasing surface roughness. In Anthrosol and Leptosol plots, on the contrary, initial roughness was due to large unstable and wind-eroded aggregates which resulted in a decreased surface roughness.
    Źródło:
    International Agrophysics; 2019, 33, 2; 227-232
    0236-8722
    Pojawia się w:
    International Agrophysics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Soil wind erosion characterization in south-eastern Spain using traditional methods in front of an innovative type of dust collector
    Autorzy:
    Guerrero, R.
    Valenzuela, J.L.
    Torres, J.L.
    Lozano, J.
    Asensio, C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082948.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    dust collector
    semi-arid environment
    tilled
    soil
    unploughed soil
    wind tunnel
    Opis:
    The movement of soil particles by the wind can be measured using wind tunnels and collectors, or dust traps. We tested both in Southeast Spain in order to compare movement in four types of soil. Our tests were carried out in a well-tilled orchard on an Anthrosol, an unploughed Leptosol and Arenosol, and finally on an olive-cropped Cambisol. We estimated soil loss using a wind tunnel with a built-in laser-scanner, and then compared the results with records from nine vaned masts, each with four big spring number eight collectors at different heights, and the same for another nine masts but with a new type of dust trap known as the multidirectional. The collectors can differentiate between overall loss and particle deposition, which is not detectable on a larger scale in the tunnel. The results from the big spring number eight traps and our wind tunnel showed a high degree of correlation (R² = 0.933) and an even closer correlation with the multidirectional trap (R² = 0.978). Moreover, the new multidirectional trap collectors are very efficient and easy to manufacture from thermoplastic filaments with an industrial 3D printer.
    Źródło:
    International Agrophysics; 2020, 34, 4; 503-510
    0236-8722
    Pojawia się w:
    International Agrophysics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The stability of soil aggregates in tilled fallow areas in Hyderabad district, Pakistan
    Trwałość agregatów glebowych na terenach użytkowanych rolniczo w dystrykcie Hyderabad, Pakistan
    Autorzy:
    Tagar, A.
    Adamowski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/292480.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
    Tematy:
    aggregate size distribution
    aggregate stability
    seedbed condition and soil erosion
    tilled fallow areas
    grunty uprawne
    rozkład wielkości agregatów glebowych
    trwałość agregatów
    warunki wysiewu i erozja gleby
    Opis:
    Arid areas are particularly susceptible to soil erosion due to long dry periods and sudden heavy downpours. This study investigates the aggregate size distribution and aggregate stability of twelve tilled fallow areas of Hyderabad district, Sindh, Pakistan. This study determined aggregate size distribution by dry sieving to evaluate the seedbed condition and aggregate stability using wet sieving to assess the susceptibility of tilled fallow areas to soil erosion. The aggregate size distribution of the soils of the selected areas was highly variable. Gulistan-e-Sarmast had the largest number of clods (51.0%) followed by Kohsar (49.0%), Latifabad # 10 (41.10%) and Daman-e-Kohsar (39.0%). Fazal Sun City, the left side of the Indus River, the Village Nooral Detha and the left side of the Abdullah Sports city had a greater number of large (>8.0 mm) and small aggregates (<0.5 mm). The optimum aggregate size distribution was found in the left side of the channel, which had the largest number of aggregates (50.50%) in the 0.5–8.0 mm sieve size range. Maximum aggregate stability (AS) was found in Gulistan- e-Sarmast (46%), Kohsar (42%) and Latifabad # 10 (34%), while all other soils had minimum aggregate stability (<14%). The minimum aggregate stabilities demonstrate that the tilled fallow areas of Hyderabad district are highly susceptible to erosion. Therefore, the present study suggests investigating potential ways to enhance the aggregate stabilities of soils.
    Obszary o klimacie zwrotnikowym suchym są szczególnie podatne na erozję gleby z powodu długich okresów suszy i nagłych ulewnych opadów deszczu. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań rozkładu wielkości agregatów glebowych i ich trwałości w dwunastu uprawianych gruntach dystryktu Hyderabad w Sindh w Pakistanie. Rozkład wielkości agregatów oznaczano poprzez przesiewanie suchej gleby, a trwałość agregatów określano metodą przesiewania na mokro. Wielkości te charakteryzują podatność gleb uprawnych na erozję. Rozkład granulometryczny gleb na badanym obszarze był silnie zróżnicowany. Największą liczbę agregatów (51,0%) zawierała gleba w Gulistan-e-Sarmast, mniejszą – gleba w Kohsar (49,0%), Latifabad (41,1%) i Daman-e-Kohsar (39,0%). Gleby na terenie miasta Fazal Sun na lewym brzegu Indusu, gleby we wsi Nooral Detha i mieście Abdullah Sports charakteryzowały się znaczną liczbą dużych (>8 mm) i małych (<0,5 mm) agregatów. Optymalny rozkład wielkości agregatów glebowych stwierdzono na lewym brzegu kanału, gdzie gleba zawierała najwięcej (50,5%) agregatów w przedziale wielkości 0,5–8,0 mm. Maksymalną trwałość agregatów wykazywały gleby w Gulistan-e-Sarmast (46%), Kohsar (42%) i Latifabad (34%), trwałość agregatów pozostałych gleb była minimalna (<14%). Stwierdzona minimalna trwałość agregatów świadczy, że gleby użytkowane rolniczo w dystrykcie Hyderabad są silnie podatne na erozję. Wyniki przedstawionych badań sugerują potrzebę poszukiwania sposobów na zwiększenie trwałości agregatów glebowych.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Water and Land Development; 2015, 27; 51-60
    1429-7426
    2083-4535
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Water and Land Development
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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