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Tytuł:
Storage of military equipment – theoretical considerations
Autorzy:
Ciekot, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/347362.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Wojsk Lądowych imienia generała Tadeusza Kościuszki
Tematy:
corrosion
temporary protection
military equipment
Opis:
The article presents various aspects of temporary protection of military equipment that has been withdrawn from active service. It contains the analysis of the temporary protection methods used by the Polish Armed Forces, and describes their impact on the technical condition of the equipment (vehicles) stored. In addition, explanations of the basic storage-related terms used in the military are provided. The causes of corrosion and its types are considered as well. Due to the fact that temporary protection schemes play a vital role in the operation of military equipment, an attempt has been made to systematize the area. Hence, a proposal determining the structure of the temporary vehicle protection system has been put forward.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki; 2016, 1; 112-127
1731-8157
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Following the EU Response to the Russian Invasion of Ukraine? The Implementation of the Temporary Protection Directive in Poland
Autorzy:
Łysienia, Maja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2233815.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
temporary protection
implementation
Ukraine
Polska
EU law
Opis:
In 2022, upon the unexpected activation of the Temporary Protection Directive (TPD) by the Council Implementing Decision 2022/382, the Member States had to revive the EU law that had not been used for over 20 years. Poland adopted a new law that was aimed at offering extended rights to Ukrainian nationals and their family members. Other persons enjoying temporary protection under EU law were offered general protection available in Poland since 2003. This contribution sets out to answer the question of whether Poland followed the TPD and the Council Implementing Decision 2022/382 in its two-way response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The article is based on a comparative analysis of Polish and EU law, doctrinal views concerning temporary protection and available information about domestic practice. It focuses on the following areas of interest: eligibility for temporary protection, residence permits, accommodation, family reunification, returns and measures after temporary protection ends, and remedies. The analysis conducted showed that Polish law on temporary protection is not fully compatible with the respective EU law. In the selected areas of interest, Poland either did not thoroughly follow the Council Implementing Decision 2022/382 or did not meet the minimum standards arising from the TPD.
Źródło:
Central and Eastern European Migration Review; 2023, 12, 1; 180-200
2300-1682
Pojawia się w:
Central and Eastern European Migration Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Too Little, Too Slow – An Analysis of 2022’s Developments in the EU’s Migration and Asylum Policy
Autorzy:
Mazur, Sylwia K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/52568907.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
European Union
Migration Policy
Asylum
Crisis
Temporary Protection
Opis:
Migration and asylum are two of the most challenging issues in Europe. With every crisis, new shortcomings are exposed. However, actions taken by the European Union and its Member States have proven that common migration and asylum policy remains a distant goal. In the presented paper, the author analyses developments in the European Union migration and asylum policy of 2022, stating that, despite the momentum caused by the support given to Ukrainians with temporary protection, hopes for comprehensive asylum and migration policy reform should be toned down, despite the end of the legislative period looming on the horizon.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2023, 27, 3; 31-43
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Transformation of Polish-Ukrainian Relations in the Context of Migration Policy Implementation
Autorzy:
Demchuk, Kateryna
Krayevska, Oksana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/53411883.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Migration
Migration Policy
War Refugees
Russia
Polska
Ukraine
Temporary Protection
Opis:
In 2022, Russia’s war against Ukraine shook the world and kickstarted an active humanitarian operation to save war-affected Ukrainians. All the neighbouring countries of Ukraine were forced to react actively. However, the subsequent refugee crisis affected Poland the most. Currently, Poland is playing the most important role among the countries receiving war refugees from Ukraine, which raises obvious questions about future developments and possible future challenges in relations between Ukraine and Poland and, above all, migration policy itself. The objective of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of Poland’s policy in the fi eld of accepting refugees and to examine the relevant legislation and procedures related to Ukrainian refugees, thereby shedding light on the assistance and support mechanisms put in place by the Polish authorities. Furthermore, this study seeks to draw insightful conclusions regarding the impact of Ukrainian refugees on Poland’s economic and social spheres, in addition to exploring the refugees’ integration into various aspects of daily life. A critical aspect of this research involves a comparative analysis to ascertain whether Poland’s policy towards Ukrainian refugees has undergone any significant changes since the beginning of the full-scale invasion on February 24th, 2022. This timeline provides a crucial backdrop for understanding how evolving geopolitical dynamics may have influenced Poland’s approach. This research employs a multidisciplinary approach, utilising a combination of data collection, policy analysis, and an extensive review of relevant literature to provide a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the complex issue at hand.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2023, 27, 4; 133-152
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of the minimum standard of the treatment to be provided in the Turkish temporary protection regime and legislation
Autorzy:
Kuruçaylıoğlu, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1789943.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
asylum
migration
mass influx
international protection
refugees
temporary protection regime in Turkey
Opis:
This article will elaborate and give an overview of the Turkish temporary protection regime. In 2011, when the war in Syria began, Turkey had to face the mass influx from the southeast area, bringing Turkey many Syrian refugees. By 2011 Turkey did not have sufficient regulation on temporary protection, which could deal with many upcoming refugees. In 2013 the Law of Foreigners and International Protection came into force. It was necessary to update the latest legislation on temporary protection, the 1994 Temporary Protection Regulation. Due to unification with international and European standards and to provide possibly the best services to the refugees, Turkey, in 2014, enacted a new law on asylum, migration, and temporary protection construction. Therefore, according to the Turkish Constitution and international regulations, the following article will describe the Turkish refugee law development and legal construction, temporary protection regime, and the problems that still need to be solved.
Źródło:
Studia Administracyjne; 2021, 13, 1; 17-28
2080-5209
2353-284X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Administracyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
War-driven wave of Ukrainian emigration to Europe: an attempt to evaluate the scale and consequences (the view of Ukrainian researchers)
Autorzy:
Libanova, Ella
Pozniak, Oleksii
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/10581789.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-02-24
Wydawca:
Główny Urząd Statystyczny
Tematy:
migration
forced migration
refugees
temporary protection
return of migrants
migration policy
Opis:
The article aims to evaluate the scale and consequences of the emigration of Ukrainians triggered by the military aggression of the Russian Federation. The paper also attempts to determine the composition of the refugees. The first weeks of the military aggression saw the most active departure of the population from Ukraine, after that the number of those seeking refuge decreased. According to the estimation of the Ptukha Institute for Demography and Social Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine based on the data from the State Border Guard Service, the number of ‘refugees from the war in Ukraine’ reached 3 million as of the end of June 2022. The emigrants are mainly residents of Kyiv and Kharkiv, which results in a much higher specific weight of people with higher education than the national average. This fact combined with an orientation towards employment rather than social assistance (a mentality that is relatively close to Europeans), suggests a high probability (especially compared to the same emigrants from other countries, including Syria and Afghanistan) for most Ukrainian women to successfully adapt to life across the border. This is especially true for those who came to Poland, due to the minimal linguistic and cultural differences between the countries. The potential amount of irreversible migration losses, depending on the military and economic factors, ranges from 600–700 thousand to 5–5.5 million people. Considering the fact that approximately 3 million Ukrainians had already been staying (working) abroad before 2022, the war is likely to result in a demographic catastrophe for Ukraine, whose demographic potential has been utterly exhausted.
Źródło:
Statistics in Transition new series; 2023, 24, 1; 259-276
1234-7655
Pojawia się w:
Statistics in Transition new series
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zunifikowane wytyczne do technologii konserwacji maszyn rolniczych
Unified directions concerning alternative maintenance technologies of agricultural machines
Autorzy:
Matuszak, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/238997.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
konserwacja
ochrona czasowa
przechowywanie
trwałość
farm machine
temporary protection
maintenance
storage
durability
Opis:
Opierając się na przeglądzie literatury wykazano, że przestrzeganie podstawowych zasad konserwacji sprzętu rolniczego, terminowości wykonywania zabiegów ochrony w eksploatacji jest podstawowym warunkiem racjonalnej konserwacji maszyn i urządzeń w rolnictwie. Przedstawiono sposób oceny ochrony w eksploatacji.
On the basis of literature review it was proved that complying with the basic rules of the maintenance as well as with the time-table of particular protection treatments during operation life of agricultural machines and equipment, are the fundamental condition for rational usage of machines and technical devices in agriculture. Method evaluating the manner of maintenance along the operation life of agricultural technical equipment was presented.
Źródło:
Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej; 2007, R. 15, nr 1 cz.2, 1 cz.2; 123-130
1231-0093
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Limiting Social Assistance under the EU Temporary Protection Directive to Displaced Persons Working Remotely for the Public Administration of Their Country of Origin
Autorzy:
Sadowski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43538377.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
mass influx of displaced persons
temporary protection
refugees
remote work
social assistance
Opis:
This research focuses on the legal situation of displaced persons who benefit from Directive 2001/55/EC regulating the EU temporary protection mechanism. This law can be activated in the case of mass influx of persons in need of international protection. A displaced person (unlike a refugee) can work remotely for the authorities of their country of origin, although this should be verified individually. Thanks to this, the financial benefits from this type of work can be taken into account by the country of residence of the displaced person when determining the level of social assistance granted to that person under Directive 2001/55/EC.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2024, 56, 1; 119-140
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problemy rewitalizacji zabytkowych kamienic o konstrukcji murowej. Studium przypadku
Revitalization of historic masonry tenement structures: a case study
Autorzy:
Michalak, Hanna
Przybysz, Paweł
Pyrak, Stefan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2171872.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Konserwatorów Zabytków
Tematy:
konstrukcje murowe
rewitalizacja
konstrukcje wzmacniające
zabezpieczenia tymczasowe
masonry structures
revitalization
reinforcing structures
temporary protection
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono przykład budynku ponad 100-letniego, zlokalizowanego w zabudowie zwartej w Warszawie, którego stan techniczny oceniono jako zły, a który ze względu m.in. na cenne detale architektoniczne na elewacji frontowej został – zgodnie z decyzją konserwatora zabytków – zakwalifikowany do gruntownej modernizacji i remontu. Opisano problemy zaistniałe w trakcie prowadzonych robót remontowych, w tym katastrofę (zawalenie się) części jego konstrukcji. Określono sposób dalszego działania po katastrofie, z uwzględnieniem nowej decyzji konserwatora zabytków, zaprezentowano zastosowane nowe rozwiązanie architektoniczno-konstrukcyjne, a także przedstawiono roboty zabezpieczające i remontowe, charakteryzujące się w tym przypadku wysokim stopniem skomplikowania. Na podstawie analizowanego przypadku sformułowano wnioski ogólne, pomocne w przygotowaniu diagnostyki oraz opracowań projektowych rewitalizacji zabytkowych konstrukcji murowych, które są w złym stanie technicznym.
The article presents an example of a 100-year-old building, located in a compact development in Warsaw, whose technical condition has been assessed as poor. Because of, among others, valuable architectural details on the front facade, by the decision of the conservator it was qualified for a thorough modernization and renovation. We identified the issues that arose during works of renovation - including the complete failure (collapse) of a part of the building structure. A possible way forward after the failure was laid down, taking into account the new decision of the conservator of monuments, we presented the new architectural and construction solution, as well as protection and renovation works, in this case characterized by a high degree of complexity. The analyzed case was used as a basis to formulate general conclusions that may be used to help in preparations of diagnostics and design formulations for the revitalization of historic masonry structures that are in poor technical condition.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Konserwatorskie; 2022, 70; 89--100
0860-2395
2544-8870
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Konserwatorskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Co po „specustawie ukraińskiej”? Uwagi na tle ostatnich nowelizacji w świetle teorii tymczasowej ochrony osób przymusowo migrujących
After the “Special Law for Ukraine”. Remarks on the Latest Amendments in Light of the Theory of Temporary Protection
Autorzy:
Grześkowiak, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/51459305.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-08-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
special law for Ukraine
temporary protection
refugees
non-refoulement
specustawa ukraińska
tymczasowa ochrona
ochrona czasowa
uchodźcy
Opis:
The aim of this study is to analyse the envisaged process of phasing out the exceptional provisions of the Polish ‘special law for Ukraine’, introduced in response to the mass influx of war refugees from Ukraine to Poland. As clearly preferred by the Polish legislator, this phase-out is to be achieved through a mass transition from temporary protection to temporary stay permits. The analysis is conducted in light of the theory of temporary protection as formulated in the scholarship. The conclusion is that while transitioning from temporary protection to temporary stay permits is a step in the right direction as regards the legal certainty of status of war refugees, it would be more adequate to permit war refugees to submit asylum applications without the need to effectively give up on their entitlements under the special law.
Celem artykułu jest analiza preferowanej przez ustawodawcę formy wygaszania nadzwyczajnych rozwiązań zawartych w „specustawie ukraińskiej”, w postaci zastąpienia tytułu pobytowego wynikającego z tej ustawy zezwoleniem na pobyt czasowy. Analiza prowadzona jest w świetle ukształtowanej w doktrynie teorii tymczasowej ochrony osób przymusowo migrujących, której implementacją w polskim porządku prawnym stała się specustawa. Dochodzę do wniosku, że mimo że przekształcenie tytułów pobytowych uchodźców wojennych z Ukrainy z ochrony czasowej w zezwolenie na pobyt czasowy uznać można za krok w dobrą stronę z punktu widzenia stabilności sytuacji prawnej uchodźców wojennych, to rozwiązaniem odpowiedniejszym byłoby umożliwienie im składania wniosków o udzielenie ochrony międzynarodowej, bez konieczności jednoczesnej rezygnacji z uprawnień przewidzianych w specustawie na czas postępowania administracyjnego.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2024, 4(80); 193-204
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Normatywne środki ochrony tymczasowej strefy pracy konserwatora dźwigów
Normative protection zone temporary work for service lifts
Autorzy:
Longwic, R.
Lotko, W.
Woźniak, G.
Szydło, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/315340.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
pomiar hałasu
dźwig
szyb dźwigowy
ochrona tymczasowa
konserwator
normy
noise measurement
crane
temporary protection
conservator
standards
Opis:
W artykule przedstawione zostały rozwiązania mające na celu stworzenie tymczasowej strefy pracy konserwatora dźwigów w urządzeniach posiadających odstępstwo od wymaganych minimalnych wymiarów stref bezpieczeństwa w podszybiu i nadszybiu. Omówione zostały wymagania, które muszą spełniać producenci urządzeń dźwigowych, jak również opisane zostały środki tworzące tymczasową strefę bezpieczeństwa zgodne z normą PN-EN 81-21:2010.
The article presents solutions aimed at creating temporary zone of the work conservator of lifts in devices having a deviation from the required minimum size of safety zone in the pit and headroom. Discussed the requirements which to be met by manufactures of lifting equipment, as well as have been described means creating a temporary a safety zone in accordance with PN-EN 81-21:2010
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2016, 17, 6; 250-254
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Principle of Non-refoulment within the Deportation Procedure, Admission to the Country, Right to Life and the Freedom of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment According to the Turkish Legislation on Temporary Protection Regime
Autorzy:
Kuruçaylıoğlu, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032657.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
non-refoulement
right to life
freedom from torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
temporary protection
Opis:
This article elaborates on the non-refoulement principle regarding deportation procedure, security, and entry to the country (Turkey) under the 2014 Temporary Protection Regulation, and the 2013 Law on Foreigners and International Protection. According to the document presented by the United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner “(…) the principle of non-refoulement guarantees that no one should be returned to a country where they would face torture, cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment and other irreparable harm. This principle applies to all migrants at all times, irrespective of migration status”.1 The rights of refugees and asylum seekers in mass influx situations are recognized by UNHCR Executive Committee resolutions and general international law.2 Thus, it is necessary to analyze the non-refoulement rule as inseparable part of globally accepted principles: the right to life and the freedom from torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The article describes the development and violations of the said rule, focusing on the pertinent current Turkish legislation.
Źródło:
Studia Administracyjne; 2021, 14, 2; 31-44
2080-5209
2353-284X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Administracyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Badanie skuteczności warstwy przeciwkorozyjnej wytworzonej przez olej ochronny o niskiej lepkości w warunkach polowych
Field examination of the effectiveness of the corrosion layer formed by the protective oil of low viscosity
Autorzy:
Frydrych, Jarosław
Ziółkowska, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1834040.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
korozja
olej ochronny
czasowa ochrona
lepkość kinematyczna
badania polowe
corrosion
protective oil
temporary protection
kinematic viscosity
field tests
Opis:
The phenomenon of atmospheric corrosion of metals causes significant economic losses in the economy of most developed countries. In order to reduce them, many methods have been developed that use physical phenomena and chemical reactions to protect metal surfaces against corrosion. One of the methods that use the phenomenon of physical protection is temporary protection of metals with lubricants, i.e. plastic greases and lubricating-protective oils. Plastic greases are characterized by a very high kinematic viscosity and create tight and thick protective layers on the surface of metals. Protective oils intended for temporary protection are designed to create a tight, thin, well-adhering protective layer on the metal surface. Temporary protection of metals against corrosion with protective oil consists in covering the metal surface with easily removable lubricants, whose task is to create a tight protective layer separating the surface of the protected metal from the adverse effects of weather conditions. Temporary metal protection is also used in the case of corrosion protection of intermediates between production stages, and in the case of finished products, e.g. during storage and transport. One of the most important features of protective oils is the formation of a thin protective layer on the metal surface to separate the metal surface from the surrounding air. This protective layer is produced by protective oils of low kinematic viscosity. Due to the lack of any requirements for operational tests for protective oils in real conditions, an attempt was made to develop such a methodology and verify it by conducting a field test. The article describes a method of testing the effectiveness of metal protection against corrosion in field conditions. The method of preparing the surface of selected elements for corrosion protection and the method of applying a protective layer on metal plates of a simple shape and with a complex surface shape are described. The description of the test stand as well as the method of selecting the places of exhibition are included. The results of the conducted study are presented. The obtained test results are of an application nature.
Źródło:
Nafta-Gaz; 2020, 76, 12; 969--976
0867-8871
Pojawia się w:
Nafta-Gaz
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mechanisms for the Protection of Ukrainian Refugees in the EU Member States
Механизмы защиты украинских беженцев в странах ЕС
Autorzy:
Ivasechko, Olha
Turchyn, Yaryna
Astramowicz-Leyk, Teresa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28408705.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
refugees
European Union
Ukraine
war
temporary protection mechanism
Russian Federation
беженцы
Евросоюз
Украина
война
механизм временной защиты
Российская Федерация
Opis:
The article considers the issue of the migration crisis of Ukrainian refugees to EU member states caused by Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. An elucidation was made as to the quantity of Ukrainian refugees taken in by European states since the Russia’s full-scale military invasion of Ukraine commenced. An analysis of forms of protection for individuals in the European Union is conducted, including refugee status and temporary protection. The legislation of refugee status in the EU is represented through the prism of the analysis of the Council Directive 2001/55/EC on temporary protection. The key difference between temporary protection and refugee status is defined. The key problems faced by European countries are highlighted; concurrently, the obstacles experienced by Ukrainian refugees are presented, namely, obtaining housing and employment. Special attention was paid to the issue of “fatigue” and exhaustion of social systems and ordinary citizens in EU countries. The authors present the results of the study on the mechanisms of providing protection and asylum to Ukrainian refugees in the EU. Furthermore, the 10-point strategy suggested by the European Commission to the European Council and the Justice and Home Affairs Council in order to support EU countries in their endeavor of admitting Ukrainian refugees has been duly given attention. The core research objectives revolve around the effectiveness of protection mechanisms for Ukrainian refugees in the EU, and any consequences said system may bring about for both the EU and Ukraine.
В статье рассмотрен вопрос миграционного кризиса украинских беженцев в страны-члены ЕС, вызванного полномасштабным вторжением России в Украину 24 февраля 2022 года. Выяснено количество украинских беженцев, принятых европейскими государствами с момента вступления России в силу. началось полномасштабное военное вторжение в Украину. Проводится анализ форм защиты физических лиц в Европейском Союзе, включая статус беженца и временную защиту. Законодательство о статусе беженца в ЕС представлено через призму анализа Директивы Совета 2001/55/EC о временной защите. Определено ключевое различие между временной защитой и статусом беженца. Выделены ключевые проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются европейские страны; Одновременно представлены препятствия, с которыми сталкиваются украинские беженцы, а именно: получение жилья и трудоустройства. Особое внимание было уделено проблеме «усталости» и истощения социальных систем и простых граждан в странах ЕС. Авторы представляют результаты исследования механизмов предоставления защиты и убежища украинским беженцам в ЕС. Кроме того, должное внимание было уделено стратегии из 10 пунктов, предложенной Европейской комиссией Европейскому совету и Совету юстиции и внутренних дел с целью поддержки стран ЕС в их стремлении принять украинских беженцев. Основные цели исследования вращаются вокруг эффективности механизмов защиты украинских беженцев в ЕС, а также любых последствий, которые эта система может вызвать как для ЕС, так и для Украины.
Źródło:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia; 2023, 3(38); 15-37
2084-3291
Pojawia się w:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Olej ochronny o niskiej lepkości do czasowej ochrony elementów metalowych przed korozją
Low viscosity protective oil for temporary protection of metal components against corrosion
Autorzy:
Ziółkowska, Monika
Frydrych, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833974.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
korozja
olej ochronny
czasowa ochrona
lepkość
elementy metalowe
inhibitor korozji
corrosion
protective oil
temporary protection
viscosity
metal components
corrosion inhibitor
Opis:
Corrosion of metals is the gradual destruction of metal under the impact of environmental factors. Chemical or electrochemical processes on the surface of the metal cause irreversible changes in the structure of the metal. To prevent this, during storage or transport, the surfaces of metal elements must be protected against environmental factors, which include: high air humidity, acid rain and variable temperature. These factors accelerate the corrosion process, which cannot be eliminated, but can be reduced by protecting metal elements with e.g. protective oils. Some metals have the ability to passivate, which is a natural protective agent that prevents corrosion. It consists in the formation of an oxide of this metal on the metal surface. Where there is no natural protection against corrosion, protective measures must be used. This paper presents the technology for the production of protective oil for temporary protection against corrosion. The innovation of this project is that the oil will form a thin, well adhering protective layer on the metal surface, which can be easily removed. It is characterised by very low viscosity and low dripping time. It is possible to achieve by using proper base oil with carefully selected anti-corrosion additives. Based on the standard PN-75/C-04154 Petroleum products. Rust protection by metal preservatives the humidity cabinet test method, corrosion tests were carried out. The paper presents the results of a humidity cabinet test for an oil mixture based on deeply refined base oil and properly selected refining additives. The test results confirmed very good anti-corrosive properties of the developed oil due to the use of a corrosion inhibitor and an oxidation inhibitor. The thickness of the protective layer formed on the metal surface was calculated based on a mathematical formula. The resulting layer forms a thin oil film, easy to remove and protecting the metal surface from corrosion.
Źródło:
Nafta-Gaz; 2020, 76, 11; 864--869
0867-8871
Pojawia się w:
Nafta-Gaz
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 27

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