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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    Measuring energy efficiency - structural and index decomposition analysis
    Autorzy:
    Stachura, Paulina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14451975.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-12-22
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    energy efficiency
    index decomposition analysis
    structural decomposition analysis
    indicators
    energy
    Opis:
    Aim: The aim is to recognize the main determinants of the energy efficiency improvement in transport in Poland in the years 2000-2014 using structural and index decomposition analysis, and to identify areas where there is still potential for further reduction of energy consumption. Design / Research methods: Techniques used to analyse changes in energy use are: structural decomposition analysis and index decomposition analysis. Each of these two methods is characterized by distinctive, unique techniques and approaches, as they have developed quite independently. Index decomposition analysis measures the impact of energy efficiency gains on the level of energy consumption, at the most detailed sector disaggregation level allowed by the available data. Whereas structural decomposition analysis allows to analyse the impact of the external factors, such as technological, demand, and demographic effects, on the fluctuations of the total energy consumption. The similarities and differences between the two approaches are summarized and illustrated with a numerical example of Polish transport. Conclusions / findings: The article recognizes the main determinants of the energy efficiency improvement in transport sector in Poland in the years 2000-2014. In case of Poland ODEX shows an overall progress of energy efficiency in transport by 24.3%. Results obtained with decomposition analysis indicate large divergences in energy efficiency improvements between modes of transport and vehicle types and identify areas where there is still potential for further reduction of energy consumption. Results from decomposing structure of energy use, show activity effect to be main reason for energy use growth. The distribution of each mode in total traffic of passengers and goods changes toward less energy efficient modes. The only factor driving down the energy use is energy savings.Originality / value of the article: Using two methods of decomposition analysis and comparing obtained outcomes allows to get a broader view on energy use trends. Results presented in this article are a good starting point for further detailed analysis of changes in energy use of transport.
    Źródło:
    Central European Review of Economics and Management; 2018, 2, 4; 71-86
    2543-9472
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Review of Economics and Management
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Structural decomposition analysis applied to the energy use in Poland
    Zastosowanie dekompozycji strukturalnej do analizy zużycia energii w Polsce
    Autorzy:
    STACHURA, Paulina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/435179.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-06-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Opolski
    Tematy:
    energy use
    structural decomposition analysis
    indicators
    energy efficiency
    zużycie energii
    dekompozycja strukturalna
    wskaźniki
    efektywność energetyczna
    Opis:
    To understand historical changes in energy performance of economy or specific sector, it is useful to evaluate the driving forces underlying these changes. Structural decomposition analysis allows identifying the impact of the external factors, such as technological, demand, and demographic effects on the fluctuations of the total energy use, CO2 emissions, and other socio-economic indicators. This study applies methods of structural decomposition analysis to determine relative prominence of diverse sources of changes in the energy use in the Polish economy and its main sectors between 2000-2015. The author presents the methodology of decomposition into different explanatory factors, among which energy savings based on top-down indicators, which allows showing additionally what the role of energy efficiency improvements is at the level of the different sub-sectors and end-uses. The analysis is extended into comparison to European statistics in the context of implementation and monitoring of the UE indicative energy targets.
    Celem lepszego zrozumienia historycznych zmian charakterystyki energetycznej gospodarki i poszczególnych sektorów, konieczne jest określenie sił napędowych tych tendencji. Metoda ta pozwala zidentyfikować wpływ czynników zewnętrznych, takich jak zmiany technologiczne, popytowe i demograficzne, na wahania całkowitego zużycia energii, emisji CO2 oraz innych wskaźników społeczno-gospodarczych. W badaniu wykorzystano metodę dekompozycji strukturalnej do określenia relatywnego znaczenia różnorodnych źródeł zmian w zużyciu energii w polskiej gospodarce i jej głównych sektorach w latach 2000-2015. W artykule przedstawiono metodologię dekompozycji na różne czynniki objaśniające, która uwzględnia oszczędności energii oparte na wskaźnikach typu „top-down”, co pozwoliło wskazać, jaka była rola poprawy efektywności energetycznej w zmianach zużycia energii na poziomie różnych podsektorów i użytkowników końcowych. Analiza została poszerzona o zestawienie porównawcze ze statystykami europejskimi w kontekście wdrażania i monitorowania celów energetycznych UE.
    Źródło:
    Economic and Environmental Studies; 2018, 18, 2; 859-877
    1642-2597
    2081-8319
    Pojawia się w:
    Economic and Environmental Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Improving characteristics of LUT-based Mealy FSMs
    Autorzy:
    Barkalov, Alexander
    Titarenko, Larysa
    Mielcarek, Kamil
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1838158.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
    Tematy:
    FPGA
    LUT
    Mealy FSM
    structural decomposition
    two fold state assignment
    energy consumption
    FSM
    dekompozycja strukturalna
    zużycie energii
    Opis:
    Practically, any digital system includes sequential blocks represented using a model of finite state machine (FSM). It is very important to improve such FSM characteristics as the number of logic elements used, operating frequency and consumed energy. The paper proposes a novel technology-dependent design method targeting a decrease in the number of look-up table (LUT) elements and their levels in logic circuits of FPGA-based Mealy FSMs. It produces FSM circuits having three levels of logic blocks. Also, it produces circuits with regular systems of interconnections between the levels of logic. The method is based on dividing the set of internal states into two subsets. Each subset corresponds to a unique part of an FSM circuit. Only a single LUT is required for implementing each function generated by the first part of the circuit. The second part is represented by a multi-level circuit. The proposed method belongs to the group of two-fold state assignment methods. Each internal state is encoded as an element of the set of states and as an element of some of its subsets. A binary state assignment is used for states corresponding to the first part of the FSM circuit. The one-hot assignment is used for states corresponding to the second part. An example of FSM synthesis with the proposed method is shown. The experiments with standard benchmarks are conducted to analyze the efficiency of the proposed method. The results of experiments show that the proposed approach leads to diminishing the number of LUTs in the circuits of rather complex Mealy FSMs having more than 15 internal states. The positive property of this method is a reduction in energy consumption (without any overhead cost) and an increase in operating frequency compared with other investigated methods.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science; 2020, 30, 4; 745-759
    1641-876X
    2083-8492
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Structural Changes and Growth Factors of China’s Textile Industry: 1997-2012
    Zmiany strukturalne i czynniki wzrostu chińskiego przemysłu tekstylnego w latach 1997-2012
    Autorzy:
    Zhang, J.
    Liu, Y.
    Cheng, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/234180.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Biopolimerów i Włókien Chemicznych
    Tematy:
    China’s textile industry
    structural change
    growth factors
    structural decomposition analysis
    przemysł włókienniczy w Chinach
    zmiana strukturalna
    czynniki wzrostowe
    analiza rozkładu strukturalnego
    Opis:
    In this study, the Input-Output Structural Decomposition Analysis (I-O SDA) method is adopted to analyze the structural change in China's textile industry during 1997-2012 and to measure the contribution rate of the growth factors (consumption, investment, inventory, exports and imports) affecting change in its gross output. Then the key factors and main driving forces promoting textile industry development are figured out. The results show that China's textile industry has experienced great change both in scale and structure. Among the growth factors, the contribution rate of exports is the largest, followed by investment, consumption, imports and inventory. The textile industry still relies heavily on exports, investment and consumption, while the contribution rate of imports is relatively small. In addition, technological change makes a positive contribution with technological innovation. Among the industrial sectors, the cotton& chemical fibre textile industry holds dominance, with the textile manufactured goods industry exhibiting tremendous development, the growth of the knitted textile industry fluctuating, and the wool textile industry and hemp& silk textile industry progressing slowly. Finally relevant policy suggestions are proposed to promote the balanced and coordinated development of China's textile industry.
    W celu analizy strukturalnej zmian chińskiego przemysłu tekstylnego w latach 1997-2012 oraz pomiaru czynników wzrostu tj. konsumpcji, inwestycji, rezerw, eksportu i importu wpływających na zmianę wielkości produkcji globalnej zastosowano metodę analizy strukturalnej rozkładów międzygałęziowych (IO SDA). Następnie ustalono kluczowe czynniki i główne siły wspierające rozwój przemysłu włókienniczego. Wyniki pokazują, że przemysł włókienniczy w Chinach przeszedł wielką zmianę zarówno pod względem skali, jak i struktury. Wśród czynników wzrostu największy udział ma eksport, a następnie inwestycje, konsumpcja, import i rezerwy. Przemysł włókienniczy w dalszym ciągu w dużym stopniu opiera się na eksporcie, inwestycjach i konsumpcji, podczas gdy udział importu jest stosunkowo niewielki. Ponadto zmiana technologiczna ma pozytywny wpływ na innowacje. Spośród sektorów przemysłowych dominuje przemysł włókien bawełnianych i chemicznych, a przemysł tekstylny stale się rozwija, rozwój dziewiarstwa podlega fluktuacjom, a rozwój przemysłu włókien wełnianych, konopnych i jedwabnych postępuje powoli . Autorzy sformułowali pewne sugestie mające na celu promowanie zrównoważonego i skoordynowanego rozwoju chińskiego przemysłu tekstylnego.
    Źródło:
    Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe; 2018, 2 (128); 20-25
    1230-3666
    2300-7354
    Pojawia się w:
    Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Improving LUT count of FPGA-based sequential blocks
    Autorzy:
    Barkalov, Alexander
    Titarenko, Larysa
    Mazurkiewicz, Małgorzata
    Krzywicki, Kazimierz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173598.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    FPGA
    LUT
    Mealy FSM
    synthesis
    structural decomposition
    product terms
    partition
    automat Mealy'ego
    synteza
    rozkład strukturalny
    warunki produktu
    przegroda
    Opis:
    Very often, a digital system includes sequential blocks which can be represented using a model of the finite state machine (FSM). It is very important to improve such FSM characteristics as the number of used logic elements, operating frequency and consumed energy. The paper proposes a novel technology-dependant design method targeting LUT-based Mealy FSMs. It belongs to the group of structural decomposition methods. The method is based on encoding the product terms of Boolean functions representing the FSM circuit. To diminish the number of LUTs, a partition of the set of internal states is constructed. It leads to three-level logic circuits of Mealy FSMs. Each function from the first level requires only a single LUT to be implemented. The method of constructing the partition with the minimum amount of classes is proposed. There is given an example of FSM synthesis with the proposed method. The experiments with standard benchmarks were conducted. They show that the proposed method can improve such FSM characteristics as the number of used LUTs. This improvement is accompanied by a decrease in performance. A positive side effect of the proposed method is a reduction in power consumption compared with FSMs obtained with other design methods.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 2; art. no. e136728
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Improving LUT count of FPGA-based sequential blocks
    Autorzy:
    Barkalov, Alexander
    Titarenko, Larysa
    Mazurkiewicz, Małgorzata
    Krzywicki, Kazimierz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2090732.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    FPGA
    LUT
    Mealy FSM
    synthesis
    structural decomposition
    product terms
    partition
    automat Mealy'ego
    synteza
    rozkład strukturalny
    warunki produktu
    przegroda
    Opis:
    Very often, a digital system includes sequential blocks which can be represented using a model of the finite state machine (FSM). It is very important to improve such FSM characteristics as the number of used logic elements, operating frequency and consumed energy. The paper proposes a novel technology-dependant design method targeting LUT-based Mealy FSMs. It belongs to the group of structural decomposition methods. The method is based on encoding the product terms of Boolean functions representing the FSM circuit. To diminish the number of LUTs, a partition of the set of internal states is constructed. It leads to three-level logic circuits of Mealy FSMs. Each function from the first level requires only a single LUT to be implemented. The method of constructing the partition with the minimum amount of classes is proposed. There is given an example of FSM synthesis with the proposed method. The experiments with standard benchmarks were conducted. They show that the proposed method can improve such FSM characteristics as the number of used LUTs. This improvement is accompanied by a decrease in performance. A positive side effect of the proposed method is a reduction in power consumption compared with FSMs obtained with other design methods.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 2; e136728, 1--12
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A structural decomposition analysis for traffic demand assessment on a freight transport corridor
    Autorzy:
    Pompigna, Andrea
    Mauro, Raffaele
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833635.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    freight traffic
    input-output model
    freight corridor
    structural decomposition analysis
    ruch towarowy
    model przepływów międzygałęziowych
    korytarz towarowy
    analiza rozkładu strukturalnego
    Opis:
    This paper deals with a Structural Decomposition (SDA) applied to the analysis of the freight traffic demand in an Input Output (IO) modelling context. After reviewing the basic definitions of IO models and some methodological references for their application in the freight transport field, the paper proposes the application of the SDA in the perspective of a freight corridor. This application takes place downstream of an IO model that directly relates the quantities of goods transported along the corridor with the functioning of the reference economic system. Considering the evolution of tons annually trans-ported in a certain time interval, the SDA model allows to isolate the specific effects related to: intensity of freight traffic typical of the corridor; technological structure of the production sectors; characteristics of the final demand in relation to its overall level, sectoral structure and allocation between components. The SDA model is applied to a case study considering the total volumes of goods annually in transit at the Brenner pass between 2000 and 2014. The evaluation of the polar forms of the multiplicative decomposition and their geometric mean allow to quantify the effects of each factor on the variation of the tonnage in terms of indexed value, absolute variation and percentage contribution compared to the base year (2000). The relative influences on freight traffic at the Brenner pass are therefore highlighted, both in terms of total volumes transited and impacts attributable to each of the decomposition factors introduced, with particular evidence also in the event of periods of economic and financial crisis. The SDA specified in the paper and the related case study provide useful elements for studying the traffic demand of goods through a freight corridor, helping in outlining the effects of the different driving forces related to the economic system and affecting freight transport demand trends.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2020, 56, 4; 19-31
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Color image encryption using singular value decomposition in discrete cosine Stockwell transform domain
    Autorzy:
    Vaish, A.
    Kumar, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/173700.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    discrete cosine Stockwell transform
    image encryption
    singular value decomposition
    mean square error
    structural similarity index measurement
    Opis:
    In this paper, an image encryption technique using singular value decomposition (SVD) and discrete cosine Stockwell transform (DCST) is proposed. The original source image is encrypted using bands of DCST along with the SVD decomposed images. The number of bands in DCST, parameters used to mask the singular values, the way of permutation used to shuffle the values of SVD transformed images and the way of arrangement of SVD matrices are used as encryption keys. It is necessary to have correct knowledge of all the keys along with their respective values, for correct decryption of encrypted images. The robustness and the quality measurement of proposed work are analyzed by comparing it with some existing works.
    Źródło:
    Optica Applicata; 2018, 48, 1; 25-38
    0078-5466
    1899-7015
    Pojawia się w:
    Optica Applicata
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Monetary determinants of output dynamics in the light of the structural vector-autoregressive SVAR model: a Keynesian approach
    Autorzy:
    Kołbyko, Patryk Norbert
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20312085.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2024
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
    Tematy:
    endogenous money creation
    macroeconometrics
    monetary theory of the business cycle
    time series decomposition
    structural vector-autoregressive model
    Opis:
    PURPOSE: The purpose of the following paper is to analyze and empirically verify the monetary theory of business cycles as a mechanism for the interaction of the dynamics of production and money supply based on the example of the Polish economy. In order to identify and mitigate the risk of economic fluctuations as a function of the response of the central bank, it is necessary to conduct an extensive analysis of the indirect mechanism of transmission of monetary impulses on production in the economy. DESIGN/METHOD: Empirical analysis was carried out by estimating a macroeconometric time series model taking into account the inductive information based on the Keynesian theory the structural vector-autoregressive SVAR model. The stochastic process included in the study was based on statistical data of Poland, which were obtained from the cyclical reports: ‘Preliminary estimate of gross domestic product’ and ‘Quarterly accounts of gross domestic product in 2017-2021’, Poland’s Central Statistical Office and the National Bank of Poland's databases for the time interval of 2007.Q1-2022.Q2. RESULTS/FINDINGS: The applied empirical analysis positively verified the existence of an indirect monetary impulse transmission mechanism in Poland’s economy. The obtained research has positively verified the compatibility of the monetary theory of the business cycle in terms of the Keynesian theory with the macroeconomic reality in Poland. The results of the research justify the measures to mitigate the risk of economic instability and impose a requirement for discretionary policy by the National Bank of Poland. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The following work addresses an important element of the macroeconomic analysis, specifically the monetary theory of the business cycle. The originality of the work stems from the empirical attempt to verify the monetary theory of the business cycle taking into account the indirect mechanism of transmission of monetary impulses on the grounds of the statistical data from the Polish economy.
    Źródło:
    Studies in Risk and Sustainable Development; 2024, 398; 1-19
    2720-6300
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Risk and Sustainable Development
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Monte Carlo Analysis of Forecast Error Variance Decompositions under Alternative Model Identification Schemes
    Badanie dekompozycji wariancji błędów prognozy przy różnych schematach identyfikacji modeli wektorowej autoregresji za pomocą metody Monte Carlo
    Autorzy:
    Staszewska-Bystrova, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/654622.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    dekompozycja wariancji błędów prognozy
    strukturalne modele wektorowej autoregresji
    restrykcje długookresowe
    restrykcje krótkookresowe
    forecast error variance decomposition
    structural vector autoregressive model
    long-run restrictions
    short-run restrictions
    Opis:
    Celem artykułu jest zbadanie dokładności estymacji parametrów dekompozycji wariancji błędów prognozy dla strukturalnych modeli wektorowej autoregresji zidentyfikowanych z użyciem restrykcji na parametry krótko‑ i długookresowe. W analizie wykorzystano eksperymenty Monte Carlo. Wykazano, że dla procesów o pierwiastkach, których wartość zbliżona jest do jedności, wybrane parametry dekompozycji wariancji błędów prognozy można oszacować z większą precyzją przy założeniu trójkątnej macierzy mnożników długookresowych niż przy restrykcji trójkątnej macierzy mnożników bezpośrednich. Uzyskane wyniki wnoszą wkład do dyskusji dotyczącej zalet i wad różnych schematów identyfikacji przez wskazanie kontrprzykładów dla hipotezy, że wykorzystanie restrykcji krótkookresowych prowadzi do mniejszych błędów szacunku niż zastosowanie restrykcji na parametry długookresowe.
    The goal of the paper is to investigate the estimation precision of forecast error variance decomposition (FEVD) based on stable structural vector autoregressive models identified using short‑run and long‑run restrictions. The analysis is performed by means of Monte Carlo experiments. It is demonstrated that for processes with roots close to one, selected FEVD parameters can be estimated more accurately using recursive restrictions on the long‑run multipliers than under recursive restrictions on the impact effects of shocks. This finding contributes to the discussion of pros and cons of using alternative identification schemes by providing counterexamples for the notion that short‑run identifying restrictions lead to smaller estimation errors than long‑run restrictions.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2018, 5, 338; 115-131
    0208-6018
    2353-7663
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Nowe metody w badaniach struktur polikryształów
    New methods in investigations of polycrystalline materials
    Autorzy:
    Łasocha, W.
    Luberda-Durnaś, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172430.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
    Tematy:
    dyfraktometria proszkowa
    wskaźnikowanie obrazów dyfrakcyjnych
    rozkład obrazu dyfrakcyjnego na intensywności
    uściślanie struktur metodą Rietvelda
    metoda badań strukturalnych
    powder diffractometry
    indexing of diffraction patterns
    powder diffraction pattern decomposition
    structure refinement using the Rietveld method
    methods of structural studies
    Opis:
    In this chapter, information on good laboratory practice in the field of structural powder diffractometry has been collected. The authors attempt to describe how to plan a measurement, how to find the cell parameters, how to build a model of the structure, and how to refine and verify it. There are many methods and procedures which lead to solving a crystal structure. However, the experience of recent years shows that, in the case of many materials, an investigator has to attempt the problem of structure solution using many different methods. The software is easily available (from ‘trial and error’ or classic to sophisticated modern approaches), as is a lot of good equipment. On the other hand, the complexity of the structures studied using powder diffraction methods is continually increasing. No description of any methods of research other than diffraction techniques is presented. We have also focused on polycrystalline materials. Amorphous substances and methods using the formalism of ‘pair distribution functions’ are beyond the scope of this paper. New methods of structural studies (including algorithms from research described in the literature, even if their applicability has been relatively slight) were treated with particular attention. In addition to the description of methods, we also collected some useful (in our opinion) information about available software and crystallographic databases.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne; 2014, 68, 5-6; 507-543
    0043-5104
    2300-0295
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Chemiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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