Temat: state forests - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Wynajmowanie i zbywanie nieruchomości przez Lasy Państwowe - niezbędne systemowe rozwiązania
Renting and Selling Property by the State Forests – Systemic Solutions Needed
Autorzy:: Kobyłko, Konrad
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343784.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2024-02
Wydawca:: Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Tematy:: nieruchomości Lasów Państwowych
Lasy Państwowe
wynajmowanie nieruchomości Lasów Państwowych
sprzedaż nieruchomości
leśniczówka
State Forests property
State Forests
renting of State Forests property
sale of property
forester’s lodges
Opis:: Najwyższa Izba Kontroli sprawdziła prawidłowość oraz gospodarność wynajmowania i zbywania nieruchomości mieszkalnych przez jednostki organizacyjne Państwowego Gospodarstwa Leśnego Lasy Państwowe. Przeanalizowano celowość przeznaczania nieruchomości do wynajęcia, typowania do sprzedaży, a także prawidłowość ich zbywania. Dodatkowo zbadano kwestie poprawności nadzoru wykonywanego przez dyrektora generalnego i dyrektorów regionalnych dyrekcji Lasów Państwowych. Kontrolę przeprowadzono w centrali, dwóch regionalnych dyrekcjach LP, a także w sześciu nadleśnictwach. NIK oceniła, że wynajmowanie i zbywanie nieruchomości mieszkalnych przez LP było prawidłowe pod względem formalnym, choć nie zawsze zgodne z wymogami gospodarności. Kontrola umożliwiła dostrzeżenie problemów o charakterze systemowym. Artykuł przybliża te ustalenia.
The Supreme Audit Office examined the regularity and economy of renting and selling of residential buildings by organisational units of the State Forests National Forest Holding (Polish Państwowe Gospodarstwo Leśne Lasy Państwowe). It was related to secondary, but still significant, area of the activities of the State Forests. The audit was conducted because there was huge interest from the public, manifested with numerous inquiries forwarded to NIK, and due to the importance of housing needs in the society, especially when prices of residential estates were growing. NIK auditors analysed the way buildings were selected for renting or sale, and whether the proces was correct. In addition, the audit checked the regularity of the supervision by the director general and directors of regional branches of the State Forests. The audit was conducted at the Headquarters of the State Forests and at six forest district offices. In the opinion of NIK, renting and selling of residential buildings was formally correct, although not always economical. The audit indicated some systemic problems as well. The findings of the audit have been presented in the article.
Źródło:: Kontrola Państwowa; 2024, 69, 1 (414); 128-139
0452-5027
Pojawia się w:: Kontrola Państwowa
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Podstawy formalne, organizacja i przebieg edukacji leśnej społeczeństwa prowadzonej przez Lasy Państwowe
Legal basis, arranging and process of society’s forest education conducted by the State Forests
Autorzy:: Wierzbicka, Anna
Czołnik, Barbara
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40415340.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2022
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:: edukacja leśna
Lasy Państwowe
edukacja dla zrównoważonego rozwoju
forest education
State Forests
education for sustainable development
Opis:: Artykuł prezentuje w sposób skondensowany rozwój edukacji leśnej w Polsce prowadzonej przez Lasy Państwowe. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie podstaw prawnych edukacji leśnej, ewolucji jej definicji oraz zadań edukatorów leśnych w Europie i w Polsce. Treść kierowana jest do badaczy pracujących nad rozwojem pedagogiki lasu jako obszaru problemowego, w którym ekosystem lasu i jego najbliższego otoczenia może pełnić rolę środowiska wychowawczego. Autorki starają się podkreślić kluczową rolę Lasów Państwowych, instytucji, która od lat 90. XX wieku dynamicznie rozwija tę część edukacji ekologicznej. Artykuł zawiera też krótkie opisy najistotniejszych ośrodków naukowo-dydaktycznych związanych z rozwojem edukacji leśnej w Polsce, w tym działalność Stowarzyszenia Edukatorów Leśnych.
The article presents a condensed development of forest education in Poland conducted by the State Forest Holding. The aim of the article is to present the legal basis and the evolution of the definition and goals of forest education implemented in Europe and in Poland to readers not related to the State Forests. We try to explain why the State Forests have been responsible for this part of environmental education since the 1990s. The article also includes short descriptions of the most important research and teaching centres related to the development of forest education in Poland.
Źródło:: Forum Pedagogiczne; 2022, 12, 2; 61-74
2083-6325
Pojawia się w:: Forum Pedagogiczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Pomiar kosztów społecznej odpowiedzialności Lasów Państwowych – zarys problematyki
Measuring the Costs of Social Responsibility of the State Forests – An Outline of Issues
Autorzy:: Piłacik, Joanna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2083977.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2022
Wydawca:: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:: Lasy Państwowe
pozaprodukcyjne funkcje lasu
koszty społecznej odpowiedzialności
system rachunkowości Lasów Państwowych
State Forests
non-productive forest functions
accounting system of State Forests
social responsibility costs
Opis:: Celem artykułu jest propozycja metody identyfikacji i pomiaru kosztów społecznej odpowiedzialności Lasów Państwowych w kontekście zadań związanych z pozaprodukcyjnymi funkcjami lasów. Cel artykułu osiągnięto poprzez studia literaturowe i przeprowadzone studium przypadku na wybranej jednostce organizacyjnej Lasów Państwowych. We wstępie autorka wskazała na niektóre bieżące problemy Lasów Państwowych, określiła potrzebę identyfikacji i pomiaru kosztów społecznej odpowiedzialności ponoszonych w Lasach Państwowych oraz przestawiła główne informacje o kosztach w systemie rachunkowości tego podmiotu. Następnie przedstawiła fragmenty studium przypadku z propozycją pomiaru dotyczącego sposobu identyfikacji kosztów społecznej odpowiedzialności w działalności administracyjnej Lasów Państwowych. W podsumowaniu autorka podkreśliła konieczność identyfikacji i pomiaru kosztów społecznej odpowiedzialności Lasów Państwowych. Słowa kluczowe: Lasy Państwowe, pozaprodukcyjne funkcje lasu, system rachunkowości Lasów Państwowych, koszty społecznej odpowiedzialności.
The purpose of this article is to propose a method for identifying and measuring the costs of social responsibility of the State Forests in the context of tasks related to non-productive functions of forests. The purpose of the article was achieved through literature studies and a case study on a selected organizational unit of the State Forests. In the introduction, the author indicated some current problems of the State Forests, defined the need for identification and measurement of social responsibility costs incurred in the State Forests and presented the main cost information in the accounting system of this entity. Then she presented fragments of a case study with a measurement proposal on how to identify social responsibility costs in the administrative activities of the State Forests. In conclusion, the author emphasizes the need to identify and measure the costs of social responsibility of the State Forests.
Źródło:: Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2022, 66, 2; 105-116
1899-3192
Pojawia się w:: Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Problemy edukacji przyrodniczo-leśnej w mediach społecznościowych
Autorzy:: Korcz, Natalia
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/chapters/31342625.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2022
Wydawca:: Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
Tematy:: forest nature education
Facebbok
social media
State Forests
Opis:: The paper presents the main problems of nature and forestry education based on social media (Facebook). Special attention was given to the general function of social media, emphasizing the negative phenomena that accompany it. The limited knowledge of national aspects of online education was highlighted. The identified, most significant problems present in the use of social media to disseminate knowledge of nature and forestry include: a low level of knowledge about the national educational aspects conducted online, the lack of a detailed demographic description of people visiting these profiles or the lack of a tool (program, algorithm, application), which would allow one to determine the level of knowledge in the field of nature and forest education among social media users. Given such complex problems of educational, communicational, and civilizational nature, it is necessary to consider the correctness of conducting education on a fundamental level. It would facilitate building human relationships, positively affecting both participants’ and educators’ mental and physical health, and reduce the negative phenomena and society’s behavior on social media.
Źródło:: Lasy przyszłości. Wyzwania współczesnego leśnictwa; 119-125
9788367185462
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Can standardisation of the unit costs of wood extraction be applied in the financial system of the State Forests?
Autorzy:: Kocel, Janusz
Jodłowski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2040915.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2021
Wydawca:: Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:: wood extraction
standard costs
forest districts grouping method
the State Forests’ financial system
Opis:: The paper presents a method for grouping forest districts that are characterised by similar natural and forest conditions and the results of standardisation of wood extraction costs for forest districts and regional directorates of the State Forests. The adopted standard costs referred to the costs which determine the reasonable level of costs necessary to perform a specific management task in the given natural, forest and economic conditions of forest districts. Forest districts were grouped based on the forest habitat types and the land diversity index (Wtri), which were determined with statistical methods to be the factors that shape wood extraction costs. In order to determine the standard unit costs of wood extraction, source materials for the year 2017 have been used, which had been obtained from the State Forests Information System for all forest districts in the country. The method of standardising wood extraction unit costs on the basis of forest district groups with similar natural and forest conditions was reduced in 2017 to the designation of eight uniform forest district groups in terms of forest habitat type structure and Wtri index. Standard unit costs of wood extraction, determined on the basis of the methodology presented in the paper, should be used in the State Forests’ financial system.
Źródło:: Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2021, 63, 4; 317-329
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:: Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: The costs and cost accounting model (simplified) in State Forests National Forest Holding
Autorzy:: SADOWSKA, BEATA
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1917450.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2021-08-18
Wydawca:: Stowarzyszenie Księgowych w Polsce
Tematy:: costs
processes
cost accounting
State Forests
information
Opis:: Purpose: The article aims to: (1) revise the costs and cost accounting model in State Forests National Forest Holding (PGL LP), (2) investigate the possibility of applying resource-process consumption accounting in the activities of the State Forests. Methodology/research approach: A critical analysis of the literature, desk research, analysis of phenomena, synthesis of results, and a case study. Results: A systematic, traditional cost accounting model is used at State Forests, which is mainly used for reporting purposes. It is possible to use the resource-process model of cost accounting from the perspective of its usefulness in disclosing information about the im-plementation of social and environmental goals in the activities of State Forests. Research limitations/implications: The proposed cost accounting model was constructed with State Forests in mind as a specific unit operating in the field of social responsibility. Originality/value: The article proposes solutions for modeling an accounting system, including resource-process cost accounting.
Źródło:: Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości; 2021, 45(3); 233-253
1641-4381
2391-677X
Pojawia się w:: Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Dynamiczne zdolności w realizacji strategii Państwowego Gospodarstwa Leśnego Lasy Państwowe
Dynamic capabilities in the implementation of the strategy of the State Forests National Forest Holding
Autorzy:: Cefert, S.
Roszyk-Kowalska, G.
Głąbiszewski, W.
Zastęmpowski, M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979279.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:: dynamic capabilities
strategy implementation process
the state forests
Opis:: The aim of the study is to identify and evaluate dynamic capabilities in implementing the strategy of the State Forests National Forest Holding. The study reviews the literature related to the strategy and construct of dynamic capabilities, presents a synthetic approach to the strategy of the State Forests National Forest Holding for 2014−2030, followed by a discussion on the essence and role of dynamic capabilities in implementation strategy of the State Forests National Forest Holding. The conclusions of the study indicate the directions of improvement of the strategic management system of the State Forests National Forest Holding. The analysis enabled the conclusion that the actions taken by the forest district offices have a significant impact on the implementation of the strategic objectives of the State Forests National Forest Holding. According to the respondents, the forest districts have the greatest impact on achieving the goal of ensuring the sustainability of forests (forests as the most important element of the environment), and the smallest to build competences in the field of modern, well−managed and efficient organization. The respondents claimed that the significant importance of dynamic capabilities for State Forests National Forest Holding to achieve strategic objectives, with key capabilities in this area that can be attributed to the stage of looking for opportunities. At the same time, the results indicate that in the process of achieving strategic goals, human resources and skills as well as financial resources and skills are crucial, while the impact of structural resources and skills is the weakest.
Źródło:: Sylwan; 2020, 164, 10; 795-804
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:: Sylwan
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Metoda standaryzacji kosztów jednostkowych ścinki i wyrobu sortymentów
Method of standardizing of unit costs of felling and production of wood assortments
Autorzy:: Kocel, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/978876.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:: standard costs
felling and production of wood assortments
grouping method for forest districts
financial
system of the state forests
Opis:: The paper presents the standardization of felling and production of assortments costs by the method of grouping forest districts with similar natural conditions. The standard costs were compared with the incurred (actual) and planned costs, and the method of determining the standard unit costs of felling and production of assortments was assessed in terms of its use in the State Forests National Forest Holding financial system. Source materials for 2017 were obtained from the databases of the State Forests Information System for all forest districts and used to develop standard unit costs. The method of costs standardization determined 12 uniform groups of forest districts in terms of the structure of harvested timber assortments and the share of dominant tree species in the total area of forest districts. Then for each group 5% of outlying values were excluded based on mean and standard deviation. Next, average value for such truncated number of cases was calculated and defined as the standard costs. Pearson linear correlation was used to examine the relationship between actual, planned and standard unit costs. We found significant relationship between the investigated types of costs. The significant relationship was found also among weighted averages of actual, planned and standard unit costs calculated for regional directorates of the State Forests. No significant differences was observed between average unit costs not reflected in the financial practice of the State Forests. Slight differences in analysed costs constitute significant cost values on the scale of the whole company as felling and production of assortments consists of many tasks. The presented method of forest districts grouping should be used to standardize unit costs of felling and assortments production, which would be helpful in financial planning at the various levels of the management in the State Forests. Values omitted in the presented method require additional analyzes. Separate assessment is also required for the factors (justified or unreasonable) causing deviations in forest districts obtaining actual costs departing from the costs of other forest districts included in the same assortment and species group.
Źródło:: Sylwan; 2020, 164, 09; 736-746
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:: Sylwan
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Not only sale of wood: diversification of sources of revenues in selected European public forest enterprises
Autorzy:: Kaliszewski, Adam
Młynarski, Wojciech
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2041526.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020
Wydawca:: Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:: revenues
diversification of incomes
state-owned forests
forest enterprises
forest policy
Opis:: Economic viability of forestry is one of the key pillars of sustainable forest management and a basis for maintaining forests and their multiple benefits for the society. It may be achieved by, inter alia, diversification of sources of income in forest management. The aim of the article is to analyse sources of revenues of state-owned forest enterprises (holdings) in selected European countries and ongoing changes in this respect in recent years. In the paper, we analyse the structure of revenues of state forest enterprises in Poland, Germany (with the examples of Bavaria and Lower Saxony) and Austria; however, particular attention is paid to the State Forests National Forest Holding in Poland, which is the largest state-owned forest holding in the European Union (EU) in terms of area of forests. The study is based on document content analysis methodology (desk research), including annual reports published by forest enterprises, statistical data and also legal regulations. The analysis shows that while revenues from the sale of wood are the main source of income of forest enterprises, some of them are seeking to diversify their sources of revenues. The Austrian Federal Forests can serve as an example of a good development strategy based on diversified sources of income. Also, the Lower Saxony State Forest company, which is approximately 60% dependent on the sale of wood, undertakes other activities, including real estate management, hunting and recreational services. Our study shows that both the State Forests National Forest Holding and the Bavarian State Forests Enterprise are based on timber harvest and sale to a large extent. We conclude that as regards the State Forests Holding in Poland, the possibility of expanding and diversifying commercial activities should become a subject of discussion among foresters, decision makers and politicians.
Źródło:: Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2020, 62, 3; 160-170
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:: Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Określanie standardowych kosztów jednostkowych wybranych prac z zakresu hodowli lasu
Determination of standard unit costs of selected works from the silviculture
Autorzy:: Kocel, J.
Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979003.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:: hodowla lasu
prace hodowlane
odnowienia lasu
zalesianie
koszty jednostkowe
standaryzacja
leśnictwo
prace pielęgnacyjne
standard costs
silviculture
grouping method
‘technological' method
financial system of the state forests
Opis:: The article presents the standardization of costs of silviculture treatments (reforestation and afforestation, corrections and overplanting, forest tending) with the method of grouping forest districts with similar natural conditions and the ‘technological’ method. The standard costs were compared with the real costs, and the applied methods were assessed in terms of their suitability for the State Forests financial system. Source materials were obtained for 2017 from the databases of the State Forests Information System. The base for determination of the value of the average monthly gross remuneration by poviats for forest districts and regional directorates of the State Forests for 2017 was information obtained from the Local Data Bank of the Statistics Poland and announcements of the President of the Statistics Poland on average remuneration in the national economy. The standardization method of unit costs in silviculture based on groups of forest districts with similar natural conditions boiled down to determining 12 uniform groups of forest districts in terms of the structure of forest habitat types. The ‘technological’ method consisted in building technological models of works in silviculture using the labor−consumption catalogues in force in the State Forests. The relationship between the developed standard costs and the weighted average real costs was calculated using the Spearman correlation. It achieved lower values for all analyzed treatment groups compared to the dependencies related to cost standardization using the ‘technological’ method. Comparison of deviations of reforestation and afforestation as well as corrections and overplanting calculated by two methods with real costs determined in regional directorates of the State Forests using the Wilcoxon test allowed to indicate regional directorates, in which underestimation of standard costs concerned both analyzed methods occurred. Forest districts included in these directorates should be subjected to careful analysis. To standardize unit costs of reforestation and afforestation, as well as corrections and overplanting, it is proposed to use the method of determining standard unit costs on the basis of groups of forest districts with similar natural conditions. The ‘technological’ method should be used to standardize unit costs of forest tending. However, one should take into account the overestimation of standard costs in comparison with the actual unit costs of this group of activities, especially in forest districts with high competition on the forest services market.
Źródło:: Sylwan; 2020, 164, 03; 196-205
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:: Sylwan
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:: Polityka leśna a przyszłość lasów i leśnictwa
Forest policy and the future of forests and forestry
Autorzy:: Paschalis-Jakubowicz, P.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979323.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:: state forests policy
climate change
proposed changes and policy solutions
Opis:: Formulation of new forest policy and its implementation requires the use of past experiences and the enactment of many changes. Modification to the provisions of the 1997 National Forest Policy is necessary, introducing additions and corrections resulting from climate, economic and environmental changes, social expectations and international conditions. Agriculture and energy are the sectors of the economy that currently have the greatest impact on the implementation of forest policy and are particularly important for forestry activities, including the adaptation of forests to climate change. Forests and forest management are currently the victim, not the driving force, of the ongoing climate warming process, and the adaptation of forests to climate change requires coordination of policy solutions. The member states of the European Union do not pursue a common forest policy, whereas the implementation of forestry policy solutions aimed at counteracting negative climate change should be approved and adopted on a global scale. Without such a consensus, local or regional activities – much needed and bringing large, specific environmental benefits – are insufficient. The impact of climate change on the production and income of producers in the forestry and wood products sectors should also be taken into account in policy solutions. It is important to integrate forestry and forestry policy with other sectoral policies, building comprehensive planning processes that apply to entities in various sectors, including solutions for environmental services payments. The main instrument in the policy−making process is the participation of the relevant stakeholders, not a hierarchical management model. Development of solutions in the current situation should take place as soon as possible, while the schedule for achieving goals should be set beyond 2030. The objective of this work is to present the justifications for the introduction of the proposed changes and additions to the current provisions in the policy of the State Forests related to the implementation of the assumptions, objectives and conditions for the development of forestry and forests in our country.
Źródło:: Sylwan; 2020, 164, 07; 539-548
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:: Sylwan
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:: Data envelopment analysis models for the assessment of efficiency of sustainable forest management in Poland
Autorzy:: Masternak-Janus, Aneta
Masternak, Katarzyna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2042505.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:: data envelopment analysis (DEA)
efficiency
Regional Directorates of State Forests (RDSFs)
sustainable forest management
Opis:: The aim of the presented research was to analyse the efficiency of forest management as an approach to promote sustainable multifunctional forestry. A total of 17 Regional Directorates of State Forests (RDSFs) in Poland were studied with the use of data envelopment analysis (DEA). This method has been proposed and tested using criteria and indicators (C&Is) as inputs and outputs of the created models. The research process was divided into two stages: first, we analysed the efficiency of simple DEA models and models with additional variables, which allowed us to determine the major models providing the best combination of efficiency evaluation criteria. Second, we used these models to assess the efficiency of sustainable management of forests by RDSFs. According to our results, RDSFs were found to be highly efficient in converting resources into production and nonmarket results. Nevertheless, the implementation of sustainable development principles requires further actions, in order to fulfil all ecological, economic, and social functions in a more effective way. They are connected with the necessity to increase the areas of both protective forests and promotional forest complexes. Thus, the results of this study might be a valuable source of information for the planning process of forestry services at the strategic and operational levels.
Źródło:: Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2019, 61, 3; 182-196
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:: Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:: Kwalifikacja prawna kradzieży drewna i drzewa z lasu jako jednej z form szkodnictwa leśnego
Classification of timber and wood theft as one of the forms of forest damage
Autorzy:: Ziółkowska, A.
Trawińska, J.
Baran, W.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979652.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:: lesnictwo
szkodnictwo lesne
kradzieze drewna
odpowiedzialnosc karna
przepisy prawne
crime
offenses
forest
protection of forest property
state forests
Opis:: Due to the need to ensure protection of the forest environment against so−called forestry damage, the Polish legislator introduced a number of legal solutions (both in the field of criminal law and the law of misdemeanors), aimed at eliminating human behaviors that harm the forest as a priceless good. Despite the multiplicity of legal regulations, in practice there are situations of improper use (i.e. incorrect legal classification of an act), which in turn translates into the level of forest legal protection as property of special value. The paper analyses criminal law (sensu largo) in terms of penalizing behaviors that are a manifestation of forest damage, but also indicates their correct application in the situation of for example felling and then theft of wood or theft of wood itself. It should be pointed out that the current provisions on the protection of forest property, contained in the Penal Code (PC) of 1997, as well as the Code of Misdemeanors (CM) of 1971, differ significantly (while for the legal qualification: felling and then the theft of trees on the basis of PC should reach for the disposition of the provision of Article 290 of the PC in conjunction with Article 278 PC, then under the CM, only the provision of Article 120 of the PC). The non−uniformity of penal provisions and provisions regulating liability in the event of an offense aimed at ensuring the protection of forest property against forest damage creates a necessity to clarify them, but also to indicate an appropriate model for the classification of acts subject to their instruction.
Źródło:: Sylwan; 2019, 163, 09; 784-792
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:: Sylwan
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 14.

Tytuł:: Lasy miejskie na obszarach skomunalizowanych. Problematyka prawno-organizacyjna
Autorzy:: Dariusz, Młotkiewicz,
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902495.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019-06-04
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:: state forests
forest communalisation
local self-government
national forests
organization and management
legal status
lasy miejskie
komunalizacja lasów
samorząd terytorialny
lasy państwowe
organizacja i zarzadzanie
status prawny
Opis:: As a result of communalization of state property, local self-governments received significant areas of forests related territorially to the areas of cities and communes. The lack of, apart from a few exceptions, specialized organizational units to manage these areas causes a number of organizational problems. This article presents the problem of regulations the legal status of state forests by means of statutory solutions de lege ferenda.
Źródło:: Studia Iuridica; 2018, 78; 333-347
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:: Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 15.

Tytuł:: Metody standaryzacji kosztów jednostkowych wybranych prac z zakresu hodowli lasu
Methods of standardisation of the unit costs of selected silvicultural works
Autorzy:: Kocel, J.
Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
Mionskowski, M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979356.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:: Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
hodowla lasu
prace hodowlane
koszty pracy
koszty jednostkowe
standaryzacja
leśnictwo
costs standardization
costs of silviculture
financial system of state forests
Opis:: The article presents methods for standardizing the costs of the silvicultural treatments (renewals and afforestation, corrections and additions, tending). Our scope included the statistical determination of factors shaping the costs of selected works, elaborating methods of their standardization, assessment of these methods suitability for determining standard unit costs of selected silvicultural works, and selection of the method for application in the financial system of the State Forests. The data were obtained from the database of the State Forests Information System for all forest districts in the country. Information about the social background of forest districts was obtained from the Local Data Bank. Initially we analysed factors shaping the costs of forest works. The first developed method was based on the grouping of forest districts with similar natural conditions described by the forest habitat types, which are the main factor shaping the costs of silviculture. The other method consisted of technological models for the field−works using the time−consumption catalogues used in the State Forests. Each of the developed methods is characterized by specific disadvantages and advantages. The first method determines the standard costs on the basis of historical data. The use of data incurred by forest districts in previous years has a major disadvantage, as they may contain results of poor efficacy from previous periods. However, the creation of groups of forest districts with similar natural conditions by organizational units from different regions of the country with different economic and social conditions, as various regional directorates of the State Forests pursuing a specific policy on the amount of rates for services performed by forest companies limits the disadvantages. The main advantage of the other method is that it is not based on the historical data. This method also gives the forest district management the opportunity to compare rates for services provided by forestry companies with the economic environment of the forest district, thanks to the use of the average monthly gross wages in administration districts. The disadvantage of this method is the lack of source data (time−consumption) from forest districts planning costs in natural units and applying long−term agreements with forestry services companies. Full assessment of the proposed methods will be possible after comparison of standardized costs calculated by different methods with actual values.
Źródło:: Sylwan; 2019, 163, 11; 892-902
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:: Sylwan
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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