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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    Rębnia przerębowa jako nowoczesna metoda biologicznej racjonalizacji
    Selection system as a modern biological rationalisation method
    Autorzy:
    Paluch, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1018587.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    rebnie przerebowe
    hodowla lasu
    wady
    lesnictwo
    zalety
    selection−cutting system
    stand stability
    reduced costs of treatments
    Opis:
    From the economic point of view, stands managed under selection system are today an interesting alternative to the clearcutting and shelterwood systems. The main advantages of the selection stands is the biological automation of production consisting of the utilisation of the impact of the upper layer trees on the quantitative and qualitative properties of young regeneration and of the lower layer trees (grown under shade), as well as the possibility of limiting tending treatments applied to trees in the youngest development phase resulting in an increase in the average dbh of harvested trees and average unit price of harvested wood.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2006, 150, 10; 20-29
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Koncepcja kwalifikowania drzewostanów do przebudowy
    The concept of classifying the forest stands for conversion
    Autorzy:
    Łopiński, L.
    Stępień, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1015678.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    kryteria kwalifikacji
    drzewostany
    przebudowa drzewostanow
    lesnictwo
    forest stand conversion
    silviculture objective
    forest stand stability
    stock level
    forest functions
    conversion urgency
    Opis:
    The paper presents a set of criteria helpful in assessment of the conversion need. Variant I assumes the analysis of the multifunctional forest redevelopment need i.e. with no priority function. Variant II allows typing the forest stands that need conversion based on the possibility of playing a recreational, protection and productive function. The presented classification of forest stands based on the conversion need and its urgency was conducted on the basis of data from the forest inventory.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2008, 152, 05; 34-43
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kształtowanie się smukłości pni dębu szypułkowego (Quercus robur L.) w zależności od wieku drzew
    Forming slendernes of pedunculate oak stems [Quercus robur L.] in dependence of age of trees
    Autorzy:
    Kaźmierczak, K.
    Pazdrowski, W.
    Mańka, K.
    Szymański, M.
    Nawrot, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1012526.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    dendrometria
    smuklosc drzew
    wiek drzew
    Quercus robur
    lesnictwo
    dab szypulkowy
    drzewa lesne
    slenderness
    pedunculate oak
    stand stability
    age
    Opis:
    Paper identifies value and variability of slenderness of pedunculate oak stems in age range from 10 to 140 years describing slenderness of tree stems simultaneously using linear and multiplies regression. Strength of the connections between slenderness and selected dendrometrical traits was also defined. Dependence of the slenderness was investigated with respect to height, breast height diameter, and 10−years increment of breast height diameter, volume and 10−years volume increment in specific years of tree life. The slenderness of trees decreases with the growth of breast height diameter, breast height diameter increment, volume and volume increment. In case of height opposite tendency was observed. Dependence of slenderness on breast height diameter, height and age was analysed for all trees altogether as well. Slenderness was described additionally with linear and multivariate empirical equations.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2008, 152, 07; 39-45
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Koncepcja oceny stanu drzewostanów na podstawie wybranych cech taksacyjnych
    A concept of stand condition assessment based on selected taxation characteristics
    Autorzy:
    Łopiński, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1015624.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    cechy taksacyjne
    drzewostany
    zapas rosnacy
    kryteria
    stabilnosc
    realizacja celu hodowlanego
    przebudowa drzewostanow
    lesnictwo
    stand conversion
    silvicultural objective
    stand stability
    standing stock volume
    forest functions
    Opis:
    The obligatory method of classifying stands for conversion requires adjustment to the needs of pro−ecological, multifunctional forest management. The study presents a set of criteria that can be useful for the reliable evaluation of stand condition. The proposed method was used to evaluate the fulfilment of the silvicultural objective, stand stability, as well as the status and volume of growing stock. Indicators used to assess these characteristics together with defined significance levels (weights) are an original element of the study. The indicators were selected in such a way as to describe a given characteristic in the context of conversion needs, which is the aim of the presented analysis of stand condition.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2008, 152, 06; 14-21
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocena potrzeb przebudowy drzewostanów w zależności od dominującej funkcji lasu
    Evaluation of stand conversion needs depending on the dominant function of forest
    Autorzy:
    Łopiński, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1013162.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lasy ochronne
    przebudowa drzewostanow
    lesnictwo
    ocena
    las wielofunkcyjny
    potrzeby przebudowy
    lasy gospodarcze
    stand conversion
    silvicultural objective
    stand stability
    standing stock level
    forest functions
    conversion urgency
    Opis:
    The scope of the study embraces an analysis of conversion needs of the multifunctional forest, that is a forest without a designated priority function (Variant I) and enables selection of stands requiring conversion because of the possibility of their playing recreational, protective and productive functions (Variant II). Stand classification with regard to stand conversion and its urgency was performed on the basis of forest inventory data. The developed concept was verified on the selected stands in the Ostrów Mazowiecka Forest District. The adopted system proved useful for making the evaluation of conversion needs more objective, taking into account the specifics of the forest's primary function.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2008, 152, 08; 17-24
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ekologiczne konsekwencje hodowli drzew w różnym zagęszczeniu III. Stabilność drzewostanu, fitoklimat i różnorodność biologiczna
    Ecological consequences of silviculture at variable stand densities. III. Stand stability, phytoclimate and biodiversity
    Autorzy:
    Jagodziński, A.M.
    Oleksyn, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1011879.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    wiezba drzew
    zageszczenie poczatkowe
    drzewostany
    roznorodnosc biologiczna
    mikroklimat
    lesnictwo
    ekologia lasu
    stabilnosc drzewostanu
    zageszczenie roslin
    stand density
    spacing
    tree competition
    forest ecology
    stand stability
    microclimate
    biodiversity
    review
    Opis:
    The main goal of this review was to characterize ecological consequences of growing trees at variable stand densities. We analyzed the influence of stand density on its mechanical and biological stability, diversity and biomass of understory plants and microclimate conditions (e.g. temperature, humidity, light, etc.). Higher stand density results in higher susceptibility to wind and snow damage, due to changes in height to diameter ratio (tree slenderness). The mechanical stability of stands may be promoted by silvicultural activities such as light thinning applied before growth stagnation. In addition, the reduction of stand density during stand development may increase biomass allocation to coarse roots that stabilize trees in the soil. High tree density may increase stand susceptibility to pathogens and insects and thus increase tree mortality. Trees growing at higher density (with higher intraspecific competition) may allocate less assimilates for defense against herbivorous insects and pathogens. The effect of tree density on stability of multi−species stands is inconclusive, since such studies were only occasionally undertaken. Since tree density influences light conditions (mainly before canopy closure), there is a negative relationship between stand density and herbaceous species diversity and biomass. Based on the published data, we summarized consequences of silviculture at different stand densities and proposed future directions of research needed to fill the gaps in current knowledge. Understanding the long−term ecological consequences of variable stand densities is essential for development of sustainable and stable forest ecosystems.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2009, 153, 04; 219-230
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Trzebieże wczesne w Lasach Państwowych w Polsce – rozwój czy regres?
    Early thinnings in the State Forests in Poland – development or regress?
    Autorzy:
    Łukaszewicz, J.
    Zajączkowski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/980288.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
    hodowla lasu
    lasy panstwowe
    zabiegi pielegnacyjne
    trzebiez wczesna
    drzewa lesne
    selekcja pozytywna
    drzewa przyszlosciowe
    stand tending operation
    principles of silviculture
    positive selection
    future trees
    stand stability
    Opis:
    Early thinning operations performed in relatively young stands, the most important element of the forest ecosystem, have a much greater impact on their stability than late thinning performed in the stands of older age classes. As regards early thinning, the method of tending cuts based on positive selection (selection and promotion of superior trees) developed by Ilmurzynski has formally been operating in the Polish ‘Principles of silviculture’ and forest practice in the State Forests since 1961. The paper analyses changes in the provisions of subsequent editions of the ‘Principles of silviculture’ (from 1953 to 2012) concerning early thinning operations and their implementation into forest practice in the stands managed by the State Forests. A gradual departure from the superior tree selection method as well as properly performed positive selection is observed. These changes could already be found in 1979. The lack of consistency in determining the aim of thinning treatments makes each of them a separate part of the operation. Because of the lack of consistent selection and promotion of specific trees, the conditions for positive selection are not met. The current ‘Principles of silviculture’ [2012] operating in the State Forests do not recommend the consistent selection of superior trees, but advise early thinning treatments based on the principle of negative selection corresponding to weak upper thinning (grade D according to method of the Association of German Forest Experimental Station from 1902). However in the practice, early thinning treatments similar to moderate lower thinning are often carried out instead (grade B according to method of the Association of German Forest Experimental Station from 1902). Such recommendations and operations regarding early thinning are the main cause of the lack of stability and resistance of stands to the impact of abiotic and biotic factors contributing to reducing the productivity of the forest. We consider it necessary to introduce modifications depending on the use of elements of the future tree method (reduction of the number of superior trees per ha) and group thinning (selection and permanent identification of the groups of superior trees). We propose the following number of superior trees per ha selected during the first early thinning operation: 200−300 for pine, 250−400 for spruce, 100−200 for oak, and 150−200 for beech. The current dissonance between the operating provisions and their arbitrary implementation into forest practice does not increase the silvicultural quality resulting from thinning treatments, which translates into the stability and productivity of stands. To prevent such a situation, we recommend conducting a series of regular training courses for forest staff on permanent thinning sample plots in all forest districts.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 01; 13-24
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dynamika i główne kierunki zmian w drzewostanach zagospodarowanej części Puszczy Białowieskiej
    Dynamics and main direction of change in forest stands constituting the managed part of Bialowieza Forest
    Autorzy:
    Bruchwald, A.
    Dmyterko, E.
    Brzeziecki, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985942.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Puszcza Bialowieska
    drzewostany gospodarcze
    dynamika drzewostanu
    siedliska lesne
    struktura drzewostanu
    sklad gatunkowy
    struktura wiekowa
    miazszosc drzewostanow
    przyrost miazszosci
    abiotic and biotic threats
    forest age structure
    low−productivity stands
    stand productivity
    stand volume
    stand stability
    species composition
    wind risk model
    Opis:
    The paper describes current (in years 2007−2017) changes of basic parameters of forest stands that constitute the managed part of Białowieża Forest (ca. 53,000 ha), divided into three forest districts: Białowieża (12,600 ha), Hajnówka (19,700 ha) and Browsk (20,400 ha). The investigated tree stands represent different phases of ecological succession, modified by silvicultural treatments and other human activities. The course of the succession processes is varied, depending, first of all, on local site conditions, consisting mainly of fresh sites (ca. 60%) – particularly fresh broadleaved forest, and encompassing exceptionally high fraction of wet and swamp sites (40%) – especially wet broadleaved forest site type. Most stands represent the intermediate, highly productive phase of succession, with spruce and oak as the dominant tree species. In particular, such stands are common in Białowieża and Hajnówka forest districts. Recently, the share of the mentioned stands is declining, most intensely in the Browsk Forest District. In 2017 alone, 430 ha of highly productive forest stands disappeared from the Białowieża Forest. The process of decay involved mixed stands; besides of spruces which were killed by a current bark beetle infestation, also many oaks, pines, birches, alders as well as rare and valuable minor tree species (such as ashes and maples) died. Dying spruce and, more often, oak stands are often replaced by low−productive hornbeam trees, occupying earlier lower stand strata in such stands. The resulting hornbeam stands are often distinguished by low crown closure and low productivity. Tree stands occurring in the Białowieża Forest are among the most endangered by wind damage stands in Poland. It means that in case of strong winds, several trees will be broken and/or uprooted. The intensity of such phenomena will be further increased by the high tree volume of stands as well as by the presence of many gaps in forest canopy, caused by a massive mortality of spruce trees. In general, one may expect that in the nearest future many stands occurring in the Białowieża Forest, built by different tree species, will be subject to a massive decay. The list of factors contributing to this process is long and involves, among other things, recurring droughts during the growing season, unfavorable changes in ground water table and increased frequency of strong winds. All these factors negatively influence the health status of trees, which further favours the development of parasitic fungi and insects. In consequence, there is a high probability that many areas in the Białowieża Forest will, for a long time, retain a treeless character and/or will be occupied by low−productive and single species hornbeam stands.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 11; 897-906
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The initial research on air flows dynamic impact on a ship model of 888 project type
    Autorzy:
    Mironiuk, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247192.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    stability and unsinkability of a warship model
    laboratory stand bed
    dynamic heel
    Opis:
    During operation, a ship is open to dynamic effects resulting from specifics of marine environment. Among these effects, wind dynamic impact together with a wavy motion is especially hazardous for the ship. These impacts generate heels to the big angle. The angle of dynamic heel can be determined according to IMO regulation but the real value is different. Determination of a real value of the dynamic angle of heel is possible by executing model tests performed with geometric and dynamic similarity scale taken into consideration. Results of initial research on air flow's dynamic impact on a ship model are presented in the elaboration. The research has been executed at a test stand located in the Polish Naval Academy. Main elements of the stand consist of model basin, ship model of 888 and 660 project type, computer registering parameters of the ship model position, device generating air flow. The ship model of888 project type has been an object of the tests. It was made in a scale 1:50 in respect to a real vessel. Results of executed measurements have been compared with theoretical calculations for an angle of dynamic heel. Input parameters for the tests and calculations have been defined in accordance with recommendations of Polish Register of Shipping (PRS) and IMO [1, 2, 5]. Determination of a heeling moment by wind operation has been a key issue. The executed research has revealed that the way the criteria of the ship's dynamic stability are defined by PRS and IMO takes a certain safety margin into account.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 4; 281-288
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparative analysis of the flooding time main engine ship type 888 defined from calculations and model research
    Autorzy:
    Mironiuk, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247806.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    stability and invincibility of a warship model
    laboratory stand bed
    damage compartment
    Opis:
    Research on damage stability and invincibility is a valuable source of knowledge of behaving a ship while flooding its compartments. In the paper, a short deser iption of accidents and damages of Polish warships taking place in 1985-2004 is presented. The time when compartments are flooded (tf) is one of the key elements which have influence on a rescue action. The knowledge of the time mentioned is very important for a commanding officer making decisions while flghting for invincibility and survival of the ship. To provide the information about the time tf of a ship type 888 a new method was designed. The method was tested experimentally and results of the tests are presented in the paper. In the experiments, the flooding process of compartments was simulated. The flooding time calculation of damaged compartment, according to the method des er ibed in the paper, is verifled on the laboratory stand bed. Thanks to a suitable construction and new concepts applied for the station, research on the ship reaction and position in the failure situations is possible. The next part of research was carried out on the laboratory stand bed, where the flooding time of damaged compartment of warship model was measured. The results of the experiments can be a base to define general rules to make proper decisions during the process of damage control.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 4; 345-352
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wykorzystanie dwuwymiarowego modelu przeplywu do oceny statecznosci drzewostanow legowych na przykladzie doliny Wisly w okolicy Pulaw
    The application of a two-dimensional of flow pattern to assess wind firmness of riparian forest stands based on the Vistula River valley near Pulawy
    Autorzy:
    Kaluza, T
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40622.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    legi
    model dwuwymiarowy
    modele numeryczne
    tereny zalewowe
    drzewa
    moment krytyczny
    statecznosc
    metody oceny
    marshy meadow
    two-dimensional model
    numerical model
    flood plain
    tree stand
    critical period
    stability
    assessment method
    Źródło:
    Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Architectura; 2007, 06, 2; 37-48
    1644-0633
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Architectura
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Stabilność adaptacji potomstwa buka zwyczajnego Fagus sylvatica L. po pięciu latach wzrostu
    Adaptation stability of European beech Fagus sylvatica L. after five years of growth
    Autorzy:
    Jaźwiński, J.
    Banach, J.
    Skrzyszewska, K.
    Strejczek-Jaźwińska, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1291347.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    hodowla lasu
    drzewostany bukowe
    wylaczone drzewostany nasienne
    buk zwyczajny
    Fagus sylvatica
    testowanie potomstwa
    przezywalnosc
    wysokosc
    odziedziczalnosc
    stabilnosc genotypu
    progeny testing
    selected seed stand
    survival
    height
    heritability
    genotype stability
    wyłączony drzewostan nasienny
    przeżywalność
    wysokość
    odziedziczalność
    stabilność genotypu
    Opis:
    This study was focused on the evaluation of beech adaptation on test plots in the Góra Śląska and Świebodzin Forest Districts. For this purpose, we examined offspring from seed stands of beech growing in the Regional Directorates of State Forests in Szczecin, Szczecinek, Piła, Zielona Góra and Poznań, which were brought to both test plots. The aim was to determine the adaptive response of the offspring from these stands after five years of growth with respect to the changed environmental conditions compared to the site of origin. Our analysis revealed a relatively low survival rate which was 60.8% and 72.2% in Góra Śląska and Świebodzin respectively. Interestingly, beeches grown on the plot in Góra Śląska were about 40% higher than those grown in Świebodzin (77.6 cm). The trees from both plots were significantly different from each other in terms of the analyzed features and a significant interaction was observed between test plot and site of origin. However, the variability in the adaptive response of the seedlings was large. Using a regression coefficient and the average height value, we determined the seedlings stability, which indicated high quality in offspring from the beech stand in the Łopuchówko Forest District (Buczyna forest range, sub-compartment 95n) and a high degree of adaptation to growth in adverse environmental conditions. Our results also indicate a low survival rate and reduced height of beech offspring from commercial seed stands (local standard).
    Źródło:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2019, 80, 2
    1732-9442
    2082-8926
    Pojawia się w:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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