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Tytuł:
Potencjał rodzimych iglastych gatunków drzew leśnych w uprawach agroleśnych
The potential of national conifferent forest trees species in agro forest cultivations
Autorzy:
Baranowska, Marlena
Kobus-Cisowska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26731664.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-11-22
Wydawca:
Centrum Doradztwa Rolniczego w Brwinowie. Oddział w Poznaniu
Tematy:
systemy alejowe
sosna
świerk
jodła
jałowiec
alley systems
pine
spruce
fir
juniper
Opis:
Agroleśnictwo to rodzaj upraw integrujący uprawy rolne z drzewami i jest sposobem gospodarowania ziemią, w którym produkcja roślinna i zwierzęca współistnieje na tym samym obszarze z roślinnością drzewiastą i/lub krzewami. Agroleśnictwo sprzyja efektywnemu wykorzystaniu zasobów glebowych i środowiskowych w porównaniu z uprawą monokulturową. Integracja drzew w uprawie rolniczej poprawa żyzność i właściwości fizyczne, biologiczne i chemiczne gleby, a w konsekwencji żywności, drewna i paszy. Taka uprawa sprzyja odpowiedniemu mikroklimatowi wpływając na właściwości i wilgotność gleby. Integracja drzew na gruntach rolnych zapewnia dodatkowe korzyści dla klimatu i środowiska, dlatego może stanowić opłacalną i przyjazną praktykę. W artykule wskazano rodzime gatunki iglastych drzew leśnych, które potencjalnie mogłyby stanowić element upraw agroleśnych z uwzględnieniem ich wykorzystania w żywności funkcjonalnej.
Agroforestry is a type of farming that integrates agricultural crops with trees, and is a way of managing the land in which crop and livestock production coexist in the same area with woody plants and/or shrubs. Agroforestry promotes efficient use of soil and environmental resources compared to monoculture farming. The integration of trees in agroforestry improves the fertility and physical, biological and chemical properties of the soil, and consequently food, timber and fodder. Such cultivation promotes an appropriate microclimate by influencing soil properties and moisture content. Integration of trees on agricultural land provides additional climate and environmental benefits and can be a cost-effective and climate-friendly practice. The article identifies native coniferous forest tree species that could potentially be part of agroforestry crops with a view to their use in functional foods.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego; 2023, 113, 3; 50-67
1232-3578
2719-8901
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Exogenous seed treatment with proline and its consequences to Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) seedling establishment
Autorzy:
Kijowska-Oberc, J.
Wawrzyniak, M.K.
Staszak, A.M.
Ratajczak, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2130182.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
proline
seed treatment
Norway spruce
seedlings development
tree seeds
oxidative stress
Opis:
Accumulation of proline is a defense mechanism against external stress conditions, preventing damage to the structure and function of cells and improving plant development processes, such as germination. The purpose of this study was to investigate proline treatment as a means of improving the germination and development of Norway spruce seedlings. The effect of exogenous proline has been studied in three stages of initial plant development. The collected seeds were soaked in water or 8 mM proline solution and placed on the germinators. The germination capacity and the mean germination time were determined. Seedlings with radicles >10 mm were transferred to the sand-peat substrate at a constant temperature of 20 °C. Seedlings at 3 subsequent developmental stages (S1 – germinated seeds with radicles > 3 mm; S2 – seedlings with radicles >10 mm; S3 – established seedlings grown for 90 days) were examined for the oxygen consumption rate, total antioxidant capacity, hydrogen peroxide level, malondialdehyde level and intracellular proline content. Proline treatment was conducive to lowering the levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde at stage S1. At the subsequent stages of development, the levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde increased, and at the S3 stage, there was also a marked increase in total antioxidant capacity. At stage S3, the seedlings of the proline treatment were characterized by a lower total mass, and the response to exogenous proline was stronger in the root tissues than in the leaves. The oxygen consumption rate was higher for the proline treatment at all stages of development. Seedlings at the analyzed stages of establishment differed in response to proline treatment. Exogenous proline had some beneficial effects during the first phase of germination by reducing the level of hydrogen peroxide and improving the condition of lipid membranes. In the subsequent stages of seedling development, in response to the same concentration of proline solution, undesirable effects, such as an increase in hydrogen peroxide levels and damage to cytoplasmic membranes, were observed. Optimal concentrations of exogenous proline should be determined prior to commercial use of proline treatment to improve plant stress tolerance.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2022, 87; 149-162
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of modification of aged spruce wood by in situ polymerization with ethyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate and paraloid B72 on color and water absorption
Autorzy:
Siedlecka, Beata
Marchwicka, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2200111.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
spruce wood
in situ polymerization
ethyl methacrylate
methyl acrylate
paraloid B72
color
water absorption
Opis:
Influence of modification of aged spruce wood by in situ polymerization with ethyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate and paraloid B72 on color and water absorption. Wood is hydrophilic in nature, which creates problems such as dimensional instability and susceptibility to biological degradation. By using chemical modification, wood can be refined into new products with improved properties. Such a combination of wood and polymer is called a wood-polymer composite (WPC). The presented work compares the modification of aged wood by two methods. In situ polymerization with ethyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate with modification with Paraloid B72 solution. The determinants of the modifications carried out are percentage weight gain (WPG), color change and water absorption. Unmodified wood aged and unaged were the control samples. Also unaged and modified wood samples were prepared to compare results. The greatest change in color intensity and total color difference after the aging process was recorded for samples modified with Paraloid B72, and after UV light treatment - modified by the in situ polymerization. The in situ-modified samples had the lowest water absorption among aged samples, and Paraloid B72-modified samples had the lowest water absorption among unaged samples. The highest WPG was obtained from the aged samples modified by the in situ polymerization.
Wpływ modyfikacji starzonego drewna świerkowego metodą polimeryzacji in situ metakrylanem etylu i akrylanem metylu oraz paraloidem B72 na barwę oraz nasiąkliwość. Drewno ma charakter hydrofilowy, co stwarza problemy takie jak niestabilność wymiarowa i podatność na degradację biologiczną. Stosując modyfikację chemiczną, drewno może być uszlachetnione tworząc nowy produkt o ulepszonych właściwościach. Takie połączenie drewna i polimeru jest uważane za kompozyt drewno-polimer (WPC). W prezentowanej pracy porównano modyfikację starzonego drewna dwiema metodami: polimeryzację in situ metakrylanem etylu i akrylanem metylu z oraz modyfikację roztworem Paraloidu B72. Wyznacznikami przeprowadzonych modyfikacji są: procentowy przyrost masy (WPG), barwa i absorpcja wody. Próbki kontrolne stanowiło drewno niemodyfikowane i starzone. W celu porównania wyników przygotowano również próbki drewna niestarzonego i modyfikowanego. Największą zmianę intensywności barwy i całkowitej różnicy barw po procesie starzenia odnotowano dla próbek modyfikowanych Paraloidem B72, a po działaniu światła UV - modyfikowanych polimeryzacją in situ. Próbki modyfikowane polimeryzacją in situ charakteryzowały się najniższą chłonnością wody wśród próbek starzonych, a próbki modyfikowane Paraloidem B72 najniższą chłonnością wody wśród próbek niestarzonych. Najwyższą WPG uzyskano z próbek starzonych, modyfikowanych polimeryzacją in situ.
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology; 2022, 120; 45--56
1898-5912
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of thermal modification temperature of spruce wood on cutting parameters during circular saw blade cutting
Autorzy:
Hlásková, Luďka
Kopecký, Zdeněk
Novák, Vit
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2146674.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
thermal modification
cutting force
specific cutting resistance
circular saw blade
spruce
Opis:
Effect of thermal modification temperature of spruce wood on cutting parameters during circular saw blade cutting. The work examines the effect of temperature on energetical parameters (specific cutting resistance and cutting force) when cutting heat-treated wood of Norway spruce (Picea Abies) by a circular saw. The test samples were heat-treated at 160°C, 180°C, 200°C and 220°C. One sample was not heat treated and was used as a reference sample. In comparison with the theoretical assumptions, the influence of temperature on the cutting force and specific cutting resistance was confirmed. With increasing temperature of modification, the specific cutting resistance and cutting force decreased. The reduction of value of cutting force is related to changes in the chemical structure of the wood components, weight and density loss due to the increasing temperature of modification.
Wpływ temperatury modyfikacji termicznej drewna świerkowego na parametry skrawania podczas cięcia piłą tarczową. W pracy zbadano wpływ temperatury modyfikacji na parametry skrawania (oprór skrawania i siła skrawania) przy cięciu piłą tarczową drewna świerka pospolitego (Picea Abies) poddanego obróbce termicznej. Próbki drewna do badań poddano obróbce w temperaturze 160°C, 180°C, 200°C i 220°C. Jako wariant kontrolny wykorzystano drewno naturalne (nie poddane obróbce termicznej). W ramach badan potwierdzono wpływ temperatury modyfikacji na siłę skrawania i opory skrawania drewna. Wraz ze wzrostem temperatury modyfikacji zmniejszały się wartosci oporu skrawania i siły skrawania. Zmniejszenie wartości siły skrawania związane jest ze zmianami struktury chemicznej składników drewna, ubytkiem masy i gęstości pod wpływem wzrostu temperatury modyfikacji.
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology; 2021, 113; 30--35
1898-5912
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Illuminance under canopy in different types of forest in the northern taiga
Autorzy:
Feklistov, Pavel
Sobolev, Alexandr
Barzut, Oksana
Neverov, Nikolay
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2041229.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
illumination
forest type
spruce forests
pine forests
Opis:
The illumination under the canopy in different types of pine and spruce forests is considered. The research was carried out in different points of the Northern taiga of the Arkhangelsk region. Illumination was measured using a luxmeter in different directions: at the level of the moss-lichen layer, at the level of the grass-shrub layer and at a height of 1.3 m; at different distances from the tree trunk; at different distances from the edge of the forest. Illumination in pine forests at the level of the moss-lichen layer is 2.3 times higher than in spruce forests. Under the canopy of spruce forests, it is 1–3%, and in the pine forests, 3–9% of the illumination in the open. Illumination from tree trunks to the edge increases in pine and spruce forests equally. The lowest illumination is observed at the level of the moss-lichen layer, then it increases to the grass-shrub layer, and then practically does not change. However, the difference between pine and spruce forests is consistently high 47%. The decrease in illumination in the tree stand as it moves away from the edge in blueberry pine forests is observed up to a distance of 10 m from the edge, and in blueberry spruce forests up to 6 m.
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2021, 63, 2; 112-115
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Testing of the fatigue strength along wood fibres at different moisture contents
Autorzy:
Dobrowolska, Ewa
Niedbała, Mateusz
Tabaczyński, Daniel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2154060.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
fatigue strength
moisture contents
simplified method for testing
oak
birch
Norway spruce
Opis:
Testing of the fatigue strength along wood fibres at different moisture contents. The paper determines the effect of wood moisture content on the fatigue strength in compression along fibres. The method of determining the maximum stress at the proportional limit was used for the measurements. Fatigue strength was investigated for three wood species: pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.), bearded birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), with two moisture contents: close to the absolutely dry state and above the fibre saturation point. The ratio of fatigue strength to short term strength depends on moisture content and is similar for birch (70.3% in the dry state and 72.1% in the wet state), for oak (67.4% and 69.5% in both states) and for spruce (66.6% in the dry state and 68.1% in the wet state). The moisture content of the wood clearly influences the fatigue strength of the wood. On average, the fatigue strength of wood with moisture contents above the fibre saturation point constitutes about 0.20 of the fatigue strength of wood with moisture contents close to 0%. This tendency was found regardless of the tested species. The simplified method for testing fatigue strength at the limit of proportionality has shown its limited usefulness, requiring further analysis and comparison with other methods in order to be thoroughly tested and possibly improved.
Badanie wytrzymałości zmęczeniowej wzdłuż włókien drewna przy różnej wilgotności. W pracy określono wpływ wilgotności drewna na wytrzymałość zmęczeniową przy ściskaniu wzdłuż włókien. Do pomiarów wykorzystano metodę wyznaczania maksymalnego naprężenia na granicy proporcjonalności. Wytrzymałość zmęczeniową zbadano dla trzech gatunków drewna: dębu szypułkowego (Quercus robur L.), brzozy brodawkowatej (Betula pendula Roth.) i świerka pospolitego (Picea abies L.), o dwóch wilgotnościach: zbliżonej do stanu absolutnie suchego i powyżej punkt nasycenia włókien. Stosunek wytrzymałości zmęczeniowej do wytrzymałości chwilowej zależy od zawartości wilgoci i jest podobny dla brzozy (70,3% w stanie suchym i 72,1% w stanie mokrym), dębu (67,4% i 69,5% w obu stanach) oraz świerka (66,6 % w stanie suchym i 68,1% w stanie mokrym). Zawartość wilgoci w drewnie wyraźnie wpływa na wielkość wytrzymałości zmęczeniowej drewna. Średnio wytrzymałość zmęczeniowa drewna o wilgotności powyżej punktu nasycenia włókien stanowi 0,20 wytrzymałości drewna o wilgotności bliskiej 0%. Tendencję tę stwierdzono niezależnie od badanego gatunku. Uproszczona metoda badania wytrzymałości zmęczeniowej na granicy proporcjonalności wykazała swoją ograniczoną przydatność, wymagającą dalszej analizy i porównania z innymi metodami w celu dokładnego przetestowania i ewentualnego udoskonalenia.
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology; 2021, 115; 45--54
1898-5912
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Using FORDRY model to forecast transformation of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands in Nadsyansky Regional Landscape Park (Ukrainian Carpathians)
Autorzy:
Kozak, Ihor
Parpan, Taras
Shparyk, Yuriy
Mylenka, Myroslava
Kozak-Balaniuk, Iryna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2041033.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
spruce forest decline
tree biomass
tree number
species composition
prediction
simulation experiment
gap model
Opis:
The aim of this study was to simulate transformation of species composition, biomass and number of treesin spruce stands depending on a possible combination of cutting and planting scenarios as well as climate changes. The FORDRY computer model was used to predict the dynamics of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands in Nadsyansky Regional Landscape Park in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Potential changes in species composition, biomass and number of trees were forecasted for the next 50 years. Four scenarios, first – warm-dry, second – cutting dead spruce trees, third – cutting all trees andfourth – planting, were compared to the control one. The analysis revealed a rapid decrease of stand biomass in the first decade as a result of spruce decline. The model predicts an increase in beech biomass before the 50th year of simulation in all scenarios. In the planting scenario, the biomass of beech increased up to 199.9 ± 6.9 t·ha-1 in the 50th year. Correlation analysis showed weak autocorrelations of spruce and negative cross-correlations of spruce with the total stand in control and other scenarios. The output of performed simulations is supported with field and literature data. Results of this study can be applied in the long-term planning of the management and conservation activities in this region. The application of FORDRY model was found useful for analysing the potential scenarios of spruce stand transformation in Nadsyansky Regional Landscape Park.
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2021, 63, 3; 183-194
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Calibration of ultrasound tester delay time by cutting a wooden beam
Autorzy:
Karwat, Zbigniew
Rousek, Miroslav
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2200177.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
ultrasonic
velocity
wave
wood
time delay
calibration
Norway spruce
Scots pine
sycamore wood
Opis:
Obtaining precise and reliable test results requires specific tools on one hand, and at the same time, reliability of the results should not be questioned. One of the necessary steps to achieve this goal is the calibration of the measuring device before the test. This article describes an experiment involving calibration of the device by an independent method called cutting beam calibration carried out on the ultrasonic material tester UMT 01. The standard calibration of this device is carried out by using a dedicated metal disc as a template. Calibration of the tester consisted of determining the time delay of the measured signal. The obtained results were used to prepare charts and to determine of signal time delay, called correction, which also allowed determining the velocity of ultrasonic wave in the tested material in three ways. The experiment was conducted on samples of three species of wood: Norway spruce, Scots pine and sycamore. The velocity of ultrasonic wave from research was compared with literature data.
Kalibracja ultradźwiękowego testera materiałów przy pomocy przycinanej belki drewnianej. Celem badań było sprawdzenie kalibracji ultradźwiękowego testera materiałów UMT 01 bez użycia wzorca fabrycznego. Sprawdzenie to polegało na pomiarach całkowitych czasów przebiegu sygnału w skracanych próbkach. Skracanie próbek odbywało się naprzemiennie i równomierne odcinanie jej końców. Badania przeprowadzono z użyciem ultradźwięków przy zastosowaniu impulsowego trybu pracy testera. Kalibracja została przeprowadzona na trzech gatunkach drewna: sosny zwyczajnej, świerka pospolitego i klonu jaworu. Wyniki pomiarów poddano analizie. Ustalono, iż proponowana niezależna metoda kalibracji jest zgodna i równie dokładna jak kalibracja wzorcem dedykowanym. Równocześnie badania te potwierdziły, iż używanie poliakrylowego żelu ultrasonograficznego podczas badań istotnie zwiększa precyzję pomiarów. Na mocy porównania wyników badań z danymi źródłowymi oraz dokładnego przeglądu literatury, można stwierdzić, iż w zagadnieniu ultrasonografii drewna zdarza się słabe doprecyzowanie rodzaju prędkości mierzonych fal (grupowej, fazowej, impulsowej). Uporządkowanie i rozstrzygnięcie rodzaju prędkości mierzonych, znacznie ułatwiłoby interpretację i metaanalizę danych z różnych prac.
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology; 2020, 110; 131--139
1898-5912
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Forest dieback process in the Polish mountains in the past and nowadays - literature review on selected topics
Autorzy:
Bałazy, Radomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2041512.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
deforestation
spruce
forests
Sudety
Beskidy
Opis:
Mountain forests constitute one of the most diverse ecosystems, not only in Europe but also all over the world. Mountain ranges, which frequently encompass multiple countries, constitute a unique link between various natural areas, which are very often completely different from the historical point, or which are characterized by different use and management types. Although the role of mountain forests is relatively well recognized nowadays, in the distant past, these areas were poorly penetrated, mainly due to the unfavourable climate and natural topography, which discouraged not only from settling down but also from moving around. Despite the fact that mountains had been the object of interest of mining, weaving, and glassmaking industries for hundreds of years, dramatic changes in the stands in these areas were sealed by the industrial revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries. The purpose of this paper is the analysis of forest dieback process in the mountain ranges of Sudetes and Western Carpathians placed in Poland. Stress factors have been divided into three main groups, however, it should be remembered that it is a very simplified division and some factors could be partially found in the anthropogenic, as well as biotic, and even abiotic factor groups. Neither the beginning nor the end of deforestation process was defined precisely in the study, which was deliberate in taking into account constant changes in the ecosystems. Generally, three periods may be distinguished here, regarding the spruce forests dieback process. Typically anthropogenic deforestation, caused by the industrialization of the areas during the industrial revolution and earlier, deforestation in the years 1970–1980 and partially before the year 2000 (Western Carpathians) caused by a set of various stress factors and the latest period, that is, generally understood climate change. The last several years have particularly contributed to the expansion of detailed knowledge about the dependencies and the influence of abiotic, biotic, and anthropogenic factors on the health condition of spruce trees. Although models have already been developed, which describe the course of insect outbreaks, the growth and health condition of spruces, or climate factors, no model has been developed so far that would allow to depict the process of hitherto deforestation, and to enable modelling the forthcoming changes. It seems that the development of such tool, not only from the forest management point of view, would constitute a milestone on the way to precision forestry.
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2020, 62, 3; 184-198
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Forest plantation productivity - soil interactions within Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine: effects of pH and cations
Autorzy:
Raspopina, Svitlana
Debryniuk, Yuriy
Hayda, Yuriy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2041494.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
forest plantation
larch
spruce
oak
potential acidity
absorbed bases
movable aluminium
Opis:
Dark grey podzolized soils on the loess like loams, which are represented in the soil cover within fresh and humidity gradients in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine, are characterized by high forest vegetation potential, which ensure the formation of mostly pure and mixed larch and spruce stands with high level of the productivity. Despite the fact that both species are coniferous, their effect on the soil, in particular, on its acid-base indicators (actual and potential forms of acidity, sum of absorbed bases, degree of saturation of bases, content of mobile aluminium), which are important components of soil fertility, are specific. Due to the fact that there is a close interaction between forest plantations and soil properties, changing the participation of species in the stand, it is possible to adjust the actual soil fertility. The soils under both pure and mixed spruce and larch stands are characterized by a high level of potential acidity that reaches the high acidic values in the upper horizons. A similar reaction of soil solution under coniferous forests is caused by acid hydrolysis of aluminosilicates and accumulation of mobile Al in the rhizosphere zone. Simultaneously, the same acidic characteristics, including the presence of movable aluminium, are also found in soils under broadleaved plantations. In general, acid-exchange properties of soils (high potential acidity, unsaturation of bases and availability of movable aluminium) traditionally are considered as unfavourable for vegetation. However, our researches refute it and prove that within certain values, these indicators do not limit the productivity of pure and mixed spruce and larch stands.
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2020, 62, 4; 233-245
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Long-term effect of climate and air pollution on health status and growth of Picea abies (L.) Karst. peaty forests in the Black Triangle region
Autorzy:
Vacek, Z.
Vacek, S.
Prokůpková, A.
Bulušek, D.
Podrázský, V.
Hůnová, I.
Putalová, T.
Král, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2077652.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
Norway spruce
air pollutants
climate factors
nutrients
stress factors
Czech Republic
Opis:
The Jizerské hory Mts. (the Czech Republic) are part of the Black Triangle region strongly af- fected by a decline and dieback of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stands since the 1970s. In the studied peaty spruce stands in the summit parts of the Jizerské hory Mts., the health status, radial growth and foliar nutrient content in relation to air pollution (SO2, NOX and O3) and climate factors (temperature, precipitation) were investigated in 1960–2015. A considerable disturbance of the stand structure induced by an increased mortality was observed in 1981–1983 when more than a half of the tree individuals died. Severe defoliation occurred in 1981 as a consequence of the synergic effects of air pollution, winter des- iccation and spruce bark beetle outbreak, as well as in 2015 due to the drought and high temperatures. Tree ring analyses indicated significant growth depression in 1979–1987, a period of the highest SO2 load, and in 2010–2015. Foliation and diameter increment were significantly influenced by SO2 and NOX con- centrations, the maximum daily concentration being the most negative factor; no significant correlation of the ozone exposure was detected, though. Foliar analyses also document significant negative impacts of air pollutants on the nutrient status of forest stands, mainly in the increase of the sulphur level. Since 1990, a significant increase in calcium and magnesium has been observed, as a result of forest liming. Interaction between radial growth and temperature was stronger compared to precipitation. Low temper- atures and high precipitation in growing season were the limiting factors for radial growth in waterlogged mountain areas.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2020, 83; 1-19
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nutrient characteristics and proline accumulation in relation to Picea abies status on drained peat soils
Autorzy:
Cekstere, G.
Osvalde, A.
Snepsts, G.
Laivins, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2078188.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
Norway spruce
crown status
soil and foliar analysis
proline
sub-boreal zone
Opis:
Monocultures of Norway spruce widely used for afforestation of drained peat soils often have low productivity and decline in vitality. The research aim was to elucidate: (1) imbalances in the nutrient status of soil and plants in relation to Norway spruce crown status and annual increment on drained peat soil in the sub-boreal zone; (2) the suitability of using proline accumulation as a biomarker for Norway spruce vitality and stress in nutrient imbalance conditions. The study was conducted at five forest (Oxalidosa turf. mel.) sites in Latvia, each containing trees with different crown condition status. Chemical analyses of soil and spruce needles, assessment of tree crown vitality and annual increment measurements were done. Our results revealed serious disturbances in the supply of nutrients, which is an important factor in the decline of Norway spruce in monoculture stands on drained peat soils. Deficiency of K, Fe, Cu, B, N and P was found in the current year needles for all trees, but in damaged trees (≥61% defoliation, ≥61% discoloration) Zn deficiency was also found. For 2-year-old needles, deficiency of K, P, S, Zn, and Cu was found in all trees, additionally, deficiency of Fe was found in healthy and medium damaged trees (26–60% defoliation, 21–60% discoloration), and N deficiency was found for medium damaged and damaged trees. Thus, K, Cu, B, Fe concentrations had significant negative correlations with crown status parameters – defoliation, discoloration, and density. K and B deficiency could play the most significant causal role in decreased stem increment. The results revealed that the stress amino-acid proline is a reliable biomarker, having a significant relationship with spruce crown condition parameters, annual increment and nutrient status in needles – low levels of K, Fe, S, Cu, B, N. The increase in proline content in spruce needles was pronounced in moderately damaged trees, indicating the potential for the use of proline accumulation as early stress indicator for spruce. Therefore, further studies on the identification of early stress and factors affecting nutrient uptake and accumulation in needles are particularly valuable for evaluation of stand management options before significant decline of spruce stands.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2020, 84; 94-108
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ochrona przyrody i gospodarka leśna w Puszczy Białowieskiej : Brak kompleksowej strategii działania
Nature Protection and Forest Management in the Białowieska Forest – Illegal Felling of Trees and Lack of Supervision by Competent Bodies
Autorzy:
Krzywicka, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2042189.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-10
Wydawca:
Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Tematy:
Puszcza Białowieska
ochrona przyrody
gospodarka leśna
drzewostany
obszary chronione
wycinka drzew
kornik drukarz
Białowieska Forest
nature protection
forest management
tree stands
protected areas
logging
spruce bark beetle
Opis:
Białowieski Park Narodowy należy do światowego dziedzictwa UNESCO od 1979 r. W 1992 r. jego obszar powiększono o białoruską część Puszczy Białowieskiej, a w 2014 r. ponownie go poszerzono. Obecnie obejmuje cały jej teren po obu stronach granicy o powierzchni 141 885 ha. Obowiązkiem Polski jako strony Konwencji UNESCO z 1972 r. dotyczącej Światowego Dziedzictwa Kulturalnego i Naturalnego jest ochrona Puszczy przed zniszczeniem i zachowanie jej w niezmienionej postaci dla przyszłych pokoleń. Z ustaleń kontroli NIK wynika jednak, że w latach 2008–2018 nie opracowano opartej na merytorycznych podstawach strategii prowadzenia gospodarki leśnej w Puszczy, która służyłaby jej ochronie. Prowadzenie cięć w drzewostanach zagrożonych obecnością kornika drukarza nie zawsze było zaś poprzedzone wnikliwą oceną ich wpływu na siedliska i gatunki chronione.
The Białowieska Forest is one of Poland’s ten UNESCO Biosphere Reserves, which protect unique nature and cultural values of the area. In 2008, the Polish part of the Białowieska Forest was covered with the Natura 2000 PLC200004 protection. Therefore, it is a unique area, where forest management calls for special care and respecting of regulations on nature protection. However, as a result of the decisions on increased felling of trees, justified with the intention to reduce massive attacks of the European spruce bark beetle, on 20th July 2017 the European Commission filed a complaint to the EU Court of Justice claiming Poland had failed to meet the requ irements stemming from the Bird Directive and the Habitats Directive. On 17th April 2018, the Court of Justice confirmed the stance of the Commission. As a result, from July 2018 to January 2019, the Supreme Audit Office of Poland conducted the audit to check whether forest management in the Białowieska Forest was compliant with the law, including nature protection requirements.
Źródło:
Kontrola Państwowa; 2020, 65, 5 (394); 33-44
0452-5027
Pojawia się w:
Kontrola Państwowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Re-use of the 20th century aviation infrastructure
Adaptacje XX-wiecznej infrastruktury lotniskowej
Autorzy:
Szuta, Agnieszka Faustyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/369263.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
adaptation
adaptive re-use
airport
architecture
Kraków - Rakowice
Google Spruce
Goose Hangar
Johannisthal
Le Bourget
Longhua Aviation Harbor
adaptacje
architektura
lotniska
dziedzictwo techniki
Kraków – Rakowice
Google Spruce Goose Hangar
Opis:
This article explores issues related to the adaptation of former aviation infrastructure. For research purposes, several adaptations of former airports and airplane hangars are selected and presented. Those examples show the importance of this infrastructure in today's urbanized landscape, as well as in history, and thus the social and cultural values it brings. The benefits of the redevelopment of former airport sites are also presented.
W niniejszym artykule poruszone zostają kwestie związane z adaptacjami dawnej infrastruktury lotniskowej. W celach badawczych z grupy opuszczonych lotnisk wybrano i przeanalizowano kilka zaadaptowanych obiektów. Wyselekcjonowane przykłady pozwoliły na przedstawienie istotnej roli XX-wiecznej infrastruktury lotniskowej w dzisiejszym krajobrazie zurbanizowanym oraz jej wartości społeczne i kulturowe. Ukazano również zalety ponownego wykorzystania dawnych terenów lotniczych i znajdujących się tam obiektów.
Źródło:
Przestrzeń i Forma; 2020, 42; 99-116
1895-3247
2391-7725
Pojawia się w:
Przestrzeń i Forma
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The dynamics of forest species composition in the Eastern Moscow Region
Autorzy:
Kiseleva, Vera
Stonozhenko, Leonid
Korotkov, Sergei
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2041639.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
successions
overstorey
undergrowth
spruce
lime
Moscow region
Opis:
The forests of urbanised areas provide multiple ecosystem services and are highly dynamic. Determining the trends in species composition changes can help to predict their future capacity to fulfil ecological and resource-maintaining functions. We examined the direction of forest successions in the Northeast Moscow region under the canopy of different tree species. Field data were obtained from 78 permanent test plots monitored for more than a 15-year period; field studies were complemented by archival data. The cluster analysis made it possible to divide all plots into five groups by current species composition and structure and into eight groups by the importance of broadleaved species in the undergrowth. Gradual evolution (cohort dynamics) was found to be typical for middle-aged secondary forests; patch dynamics was described in mature stands of late succession species after non-critical natural disturbances; drastic changes were observed in spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands after pest attacks. Two main trends were revealed in species composition shift: restoration of mixed spruce-broadleaved forests and development of limedominated broad-leaved forests, the latter being the prevailing one in the stands of composite forest types. Intensive development of oak-associated species is probably related to the climate conditions in the Moscow megacity. The content of this article may be of interest for researchers studying natural forest dynamics and can be used for prospective planning of target species composition in the forestries of the Moscow region.
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2020, 62, 2; 53-67
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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