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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Kinetics of oxidation of manganese by potassium permanganate and chloride in the Velekinca water treatment plant, Kosovo
    Autorzy:
    Beluli, Valdrin M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844416.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
    Tematy:
    chemical reactions
    chlorine Cl2(g)
    groundwater
    manganese
    oxidation
    speed reaction
    water treatment plant
    Opis:
    Our scientific research is based on oxidation reactions and monitoring of chemical reaction kinetics in the Velekinca groundwaters plant in Gjilan municipality, Kosovo. The GW of this plant contains high concentration of manganese so we need to use potassium permanganate (KMnO4) as one of the most power oxidants in the water treatment plant. In our research the high concentration of Mn in groundwaters is 0.22–0.28 mg∙dm–3 and this concentration is not in accordance with the WHO. Chlorine is one of the most common disinfectants used in the water treatment industry because it has a low cost and immediate effect on the destruction of microorganisms, the concentration of chlorine (Cl2) in our research is 0.1–0.32 mg∙dm–3. The speed of chemical reactions in the technology of GW is extremely important because sometimes in the elimination of chemical pollutants using oxidizing agents often form intermediate species. The speed of reactions indicates how fast chemical bonds are formed in the creation of a product, and this depends on the rate of reaction (XA). The focus for the research is to study the potassium permanganate and chlorine gas reactions in water if it forms intermediate products (intermediate species) due to the high speed of reactions. Scientific research conclusion, intermediate species in the oxidation reactions of Mn and water disinfection with Cl2(g) it is impossible to cause a high rate of chemical reactions from the reaction rate (XA = 1%) to the reaction rate (XA = 99%). The maximum speed at the highest XA Cl2 is from 4.405∙10–11 to 8.87∙10–10 mol∙dm–3∙s–1, while at Mn is (2.030–4.034)∙10–7 mol∙dm–3∙s–1.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Water and Land Development; 2020, 47; 30-37
    1429-7426
    2083-4535
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Water and Land Development
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Research of Nitrogen Oxides Concentrations in Exhaust Gas of Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Alternative Fuel
    Autorzy:
    Sikora, Mieczysław
    Orliński, Piotr
    Bednarski, Mateusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2024049.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
    Tematy:
    alternative fuel
    internal combustion engines
    oxides of nitrogen
    speed coefficients for chemistry reaction
    Opis:
    The research was divided into two stages. The first stage of work was to perform empirical research using the Perkins engine. The test stand was equipped with an exhaust gas composition analyzer, a pressure sensor enabling measurement of pressure in the engine cylinder and a crankshaft position sensor. This stage of research was realized for diesel and UCOME fuel. The second stage was a simulation test. The Zeldowicz model of thermal NO formation in compression ignition engines was used for calculations. Theoretical methods were compared with the results obtained in empirical tests. It was found that the most similar results of tests when powering the engine with UCOME fuel were obtained thanks to the GRI-MECH 3.0 (GM3) method. On the basis of this method, coefficients of the reaction rate of NO formation in an internal combustion engine, which is powered by the higher generation alternative fuel (Sikora et al. (S) method) were developed. For the calculation tests the values of the experimentally determined pressures were used. The proposed method can be used in simulation tests of a diesel engine running on FAME fuels with similar physical and chemical properties as the UCOME fuel. This will significantly reduce the costs of such tests, as some empirical tests can be eliminated by the conclusions of the simulation tests.
    Źródło:
    Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2021, 15, 2; 75-83
    2299-8624
    Pojawia się w:
    Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The influence of muscle soreness on the speed of performing a motor reaction speed task in football goalkeepers during a training camp
    Autorzy:
    Muracki, Jarosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1030952.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
    Tematy:
    DOMS
    goalkeeper
    muscle soreness
    pain
    reaction
    speed
    Opis:
    Aim: To investigate the influence of muscle soreness on the speed of performing a motor reaction speed task in football goalkeepers. Methods: Twenty-four young healthy football goalkeepers, aged 1618 years old (average 16.7 ±0.67 year), with an average body height of 175.6 ±5.4 cm and body weight of 65 ±5 kg, participated in a study conducted during a 6-day training camp. The first day, referred to as day 0, was intended for initial tests and the following 5 days, referred to as days 15, consisted of training. On day 0, before the training period, anthropometric parameters such as weight and height were measured, subjects were questioned to determine the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and perceived psychophysical readiness (PPR), a speed test with motor reaction choice (ST) was performed using a Smart Speed System and areas with muscle soreness (MS) were recorded by means of a computer tablet with the Navigate Pain application. The goalkeepers participated in two training sessions on each of the following 5 days. Before each training session, the same speed test was performed. Lap times for 5 m and 15 m were recorded. After the second training session each day, the participants drew digital pain maps using a computer tablet, marking separate areas of the body where they felt muscle soreness. These data were consolidated and the total area was analyzed to investigate if, throughout the training, there were any changes to the size of the area that was indicated as having MS. A categorization of body areas was also made to determine areas where muscle soreness was most frequently indicated. Each training session was monitored with heart rate (HR) registration and each goalkeeper determined his fatigue (RPE) and readiness to exercise (PPR) on a 110-point scale. Results: Twenty-three out of twenty-four (98.5%) goalkeepers indicated that they had MS during the study. Day 2 showed the highest incidence rate with 21 participants indicating that they felt MS. The biggest area of MS was also indicated on day 2, yet statistical analysis did not show significant differences in the area of MS between the training days. MS was most often indicated in the upper leg, i.e. the thighs. The average time of the first 5 m was 1.3 [s] (SD = 0.09), ranging from 1.28 [s] to 1.33 [s], while the average time of the following 10 m was 2.07 [s] (SD = 0.18), ranging from 2.04 to 2.1 [s]. The average total speed test time equaled 3.37 [s] (SD = 0.21), ranging from 3.33 to 3.38. Statistical analysis did not show significant differences in any of the results between the training days. Conclusions: Most of the goalkeepers felt muscle soreness as an effect of specific goalkeeper training, measured by indicating painful zones on digital pain drawings. In this study, where muscle soreness was induced by technical-tactical specific goalkeeper training, no significant changes were noticed in the speed of performing a motor speed test with reaction choice or on the area of muscle soreness indicated on digital pain drawings, although almost every goalkeeper had a large area of muscle soreness. Discussion: Many studies show that delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) causes a decrease in strength, power, range of motion and speed. However, in many cases, these studies are designed to induce high intensity DOMS and then conduct isolated motor skill tests. In this study the objective was not to induce high intensity DOMS but to investigate the effect of muscle pain, which is present naturally during training processes, and then assess its effect on a speed test which reflects real game situations – with a component of reaction choice and change of movement and direction. Approaching the subject from a different viewpoint allows us to see that the reliable assessment of the psychophysical state of players, made by observing their actions on the pitch or even using photocells to measure motion speed, is difficult without an insight into the parameters of soreness that players experience. These can be monitored, for example, through digital pain mapping software.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine; 2020, 32, 4; 27-41
    2300-9705
    2353-2807
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The influence of sprint block start elements on initial velocity of 100 metre race
    Autorzy:
    Terczyński, Robert
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1054601.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
    Tematy:
    laser
    reaction time
    speed measurement
    sprint start
    velocity
    Opis:
    The aim of this paper was to investigate whether it is possible to evaluate the relationship between different phases of sprint start objectively. The participants of the research were the top level of elite National Sprint Team (8 female, 9 male). The run times were as follows: 10.39 ±0.12 s for men and 11.63 ±0.20 s for women. The data that were taken into account during the research in order to examine typical kinetic parameters of the sprint start were: reaction time, delay between simple reaction time and reaction time (IAAF), time to front peak force, time to rear peak force, delay between end of front force and gun signal and total start time. The analysis of the study identifies the major kinematic parameters of the phases of the sprint start and block acceleration that influence the results of sprint running. The following correlation analyses were conducted, a linear regression for the typical kinetic parameters of the sprint start, initial speed on 100 metre race. Finally, a simple coaching related model for the development of sprinting is presented which is consistent with scientific evidence recommendations for coaches to make changes in training.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine; 2014, 8, 4; 87-96
    2300-9705
    2353-2807
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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