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Tytuł:
Parlons cerises : les prédicats et les relations dans les définitions lexicographiques et dans les énoncés définitoires
Talking cherries: predicates and relationships in the dictionary definitions and the defining statements
Autorzy:
Śliwa, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2118216.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
sémantique
structure ontologique
signifié
prédicats
hyperonymes
définitions lexicographiques
discours spécialisé
semantics
ontological structure
predication
hyperonym
lexicographical definition
specialist discourse
Opis:
A partir d’une relecture d’Aristote par les métaphysiciens réalistes (Thomas d’Aquin, Gilson, Maryniarczyk) sur la nature des êtres et des objets du réel nous proposons de redéfinir le sens des mots à partir de la définition du concept en tant que résultat de la participation active du sujet parlant dans la connaissance du monde. Dans la description sémantique et dans la formulation des définitions lexicographiques il faut donc tenir compte des liens entre le réel et le conceptuel et de la cohérence interne des composantes du concept assurée par les liens logiques de cause et de but. Une telle description, à partir de la structure ontologique élaborée selon les bases de la métaphysique réaliste, est réalisée par l’instrument d’analyse que sont les structures prédicatives (phrases-sources) exprimant une propriété de l’entité. L’analyse des dénominations des cerises confirme la nécessité de la description cohérente pour les définitions lexicographiques des noms d’une catégorie des entités. Les prédications sous-jacentes aux dénominations varient en fonction du discours général ou spécialisé des sujets parlants.
The aim of the present paper is to present a semantic analysis of meaning that is based on adequately read Aristotelian concept, and developed within the framework of metaphysical realism. A reflection on the nature of real existence makes one discover an ontic structure of actually existing objects; this internally coherent structure is closely related to the resulting ontological structure that is fundamental to all meaning relations. As opposed to the traditionally adopted division between ontological and logical relations, metaphysical realism explains semantic relations between particular components of an object in question: this is due to the fact that these components are linked under logical relations, where the relation of causality is of superior character. In this account, the units of description are source sentences, i.e. the predications where the predicative expression designates a given component (property) or relation. In lexicographical definitions and definitional statements, such predications are linked together and subject to syntactic and morphological transformations. A review of selected names of cherries in French (cerises) and their lexical definitions indicates that there is a need for ontological structure of certain cherry varieties, and for their respective names within the category to be hierarchically organized by an expert. Particular predications express human cognitive activity that is structured not only by logical reasoning but also by sensual perception. This fundamental concept dates back to Aristotle, who spoke of the essence of things rather than the necessary and sufficient conditions to capture the meaning of a word.
Źródło:
Białostockie Archiwum Językowe; 2015, 15; 413-427
1641-6961
Pojawia się w:
Białostockie Archiwum Językowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
LEKSYKA IMITUJĄCA I NAZYWAJĄCA GŁOSY PTAKÓW W POLIFONICZNYM TEKŚCIE
Lexis naming and imitating the sounds of birds in a polyphonic text
Autorzy:
Wojtak, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/615395.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski
Tematy:
popular science discourse
lexis
specialist lexis
onomatopoeia
Opis:
The article is dedicated to an analysis of lexis related to the representation of the sounds of birds in a text that might be treated as an original implementation of principles of the popular science discourse. The author of the book builds an independently peculiar discourse community acting as the host a polyphonic message. Referring to his own experience base, built on his wide reading in the field of ornithology and bird watching, he describes, in the form of a report, and in the poetics of a feature article and a diary, his own fascination with the world of birds. He treats the knowledge constituting the cognitive background of the utterance as a value that he wants to share with interested readers. Describing the sounds of birds the author uses conventional lexical measures,i.e. nominal or verbal names of sounds and onomatopoeic exclamations imitating the sounds of birds. The originality of the message is gained not by morphological invention, but due to references to artistic style, colorfulness, and the suggestiveness of originally selected epithets, comparisons, and figurative expressions
The article is dedicated to an analysis of lexis related to the representation of the sounds of birds in a text that might be treated as an original implementation of principles of the popular science discourse. The author of the book builds an independently peculiar discourse community acting as the host a polyphonic message. Referring to his own experience base, built on his wide reading in the field of ornithology and bird watching, he describes, in the form of a report, and in the poetics of a feature article and a diary, his own fascination with the world of birds. He treats the knowledge constituting the cognitive background of the utterance as a value that he wants to share with interested readers. Describing the sounds of birds the author uses conventional lexical measures,i.e. nominal or verbal names of sounds and onomatopoeic exclamations imitating thesounds of birds. The originality of the message is gained not by morphological invention, but due to references to artistic style, colorfulness, and the suggestiveness of originally selected epithets, comparisons, and figurative expressions.
Źródło:
Stylistyka; 2017, 26; 69-85
1230-2287
2545-1669
Pojawia się w:
Stylistyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lakunen als Auslöser des Fachwissens im Diskurs – Fallstudie
Lacunas as Triggers of Expert Knowledge in Discourse – Case Study
Autorzy:
Miłosz, Karolina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41510526.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-07-23
Wydawca:
Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe
Tematy:
interlinguale Lakune
aktuelle Bedeutung
Fachwissen
Fachdiskurs
interlingual lacuna
actual meaning
expert knowledge
specialist discourse
Opis:
Der Aufsatz ist der interlingualen Lakunen gewidmet, die als lexikalische und kulturelle Besonderheiten Elemente des Diskurses sind (Miłosz-Szewczyk 2022). Als Schlüsselwörter kommen sie auch in Fachtexten bzw. in Fachdiskursen vor und aktivieren bei den Adressaten das Fachwissen und manifestieren somit den sprachlichen Wissensumfang. Die Analyse des polnischen Mediendiskurses ermöglicht, Wissensbestände über den Fachdiskurs zu vermitteln, in dem die Lakune frankowicz/frankowiec auftaucht. Die der Analyse unterzogene Lakune gilt sowohl als Medienphänomen als auch als Anzeichen der typischen Realia der polnischen Kultur. Das Hauptziel der Untersuchung ist es, die Bedeutung der in Frage stehenden Lakune im laufenden Diskurs zu erschließen und zu aktualisieren. Das Unterfangen basiert auf früheren Forschungen (Miłosz-Szewczyk 2022) und setzt sich zum Ziel festzustellen, ob und in welchem Ausmaß ein möglicher Bedeutungswandel des Lexems frankowicz/frankowiec stattgefunden hat. Anhand der Fallstudie wird zugleich illustriert, wie Lakunen im Diskurs Expertenwissen auslösen. Durch die Rekonstruierung aktueller Bedeutung der Lakune aufgrund der Diskursanalyse werden nämlich existente Wissensbestände aktiviert und neue gebildet, die die lexikalische und aktuelle Bedeutung ergänzen. Somit wird bestätigt, dass das Wissen mithilfe von Lakunen distribuiert und konstituiert wird und der Mediendiskurs den Zugang zum Fachdiskurs ermöglicht.
The paper is dedicated to interlingual lacunas such as lexical and cultural features, which are elements of discourse (Miłosz-Szewczyk 2022). As keywords they occur in specialist texts and discourses and activate the addressees’ expert knowledge and thus manifest the scope of linguistic knowledge. Analyzing the Polish media discourse makes it possible to convey knowledge about the specialist discourse in which the lacuna frankowicz/frankowiec appears. The lacuna subjected to analysis is considered both a media phenomenon and a sign of the typical realia of Polish culture. The main aim of the study is to explore and update the meaning of the lacuna in question in the current discourse. The endeavor is based on earlier research (Miłosz-Szewczyk 2022) and aims to determine whether and to what extent a possible change in the meaning of the lexeme frankowicz/frankowiec has taken place. The case study also illustrates how lacunas trigger expert knowledge in discourse. Through the reconstruction of its actual meaning on the basis of the discourse analysis, existing stocks of knowledge are activated and new ones are formed that complete the lexical and actual meaning. This confirms that knowledge is distributed and constituted with the help of lacunas and enables the media discourse to access the specialized discourse.
Źródło:
Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław; 2024, 25, 1; 171-186
2084-3062
2657-5647
Pojawia się w:
Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hybrid language of in-cockpit specialist discourse
Autorzy:
Petrashchuk, Olena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/555388.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-23
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Lingwistyki Stosowanej
Tematy:
specialist discourse;
in-cockpit communication;
hybrid language;
aviation English
Opis:
The importance of communication in the cockpit is discussed, and the discourse analysis of a sample authentic in-cockpit communication during flight operation is presented. The analysis results indicate that specific language use variables are correlated with individual performance at the point of flight performance and individual communicative intentions. Also, language use was found to vary as a function of crew position, out-of-cockpit addressee and level of workload during the flight. Language use for the procedure purpose was tightly linked to cockpit panel readings, whereas language use for personal interaction was of ‘over a cup of tea talk’ pattern. These observations suggested a specific hybridness of the cockpit language discourse which might need to be further checked by an alternative research method of communication analysis., e.g., a content-coding method.
Źródło:
Applied Linguistics Papers; 2019, 26/3; 63-75
2544-9354
Pojawia się w:
Applied Linguistics Papers
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diskursive Besonderheiten des Fachtextes im Bereich der Technik
Discursive features of specialist text in the field of technology
Autorzy:
Będkowska-Obłąk, Marzena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2119935.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
specialist text
technical discourse
product information
Opis:
The present article addresses the subject of technical specialist text, its discursive features and, what follows, its potential within the complex context of communication and functionality. What shall be analysed herein is a specific genre of the text, i.e. product information, along with its distinctive properties treated as a tool for exerting influence. The analysis shall be conducted while taking into account both inter- and intra-industry specialist communication. Consideration shall be given to the intertextual sphere, the functions and conventional structure of the text, its interactive roles and formulative level, i.e. the linguistic means and structures through which the speech acts inherent in the genre and necessary in the communication process are performed.
Źródło:
Linguistica Silesiana; 2022, 43; 305-319
0208-4228
Pojawia się w:
Linguistica Silesiana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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