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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 59
Tytuł:
Spatial Variability of Chosen Soil Properties on Mountainous Area on Example of the Kasinczanka Stream Basin, Western Carpathians
Autorzy:
Kruk, E.
Ryczek, M.
Klatka, S.
Malec, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123331.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
spatial variability
semivariogram
krigring
geostatistics
Opis:
The phenomenon of erosion on mountain and submontane areas influences directly on high variability of soil properties. In the work there were presented results of analysis of spatial variability of bulk density, total porosity, organic matter content and saturated hydraulic conductivity, on eroded slopes of the Kasińczanka stream basin. Geostatistical analysis was carried out using the kriging method, based on irregular network, consisted of 52 points, situated by means of the GPS. Taking into account the calculated variability coefficient it was stated, that on the investigated area, the most flexible spatially was saturated hydraulic conductivity, while the less flexible turned out total porosity. Using the determined models of semivariance, the maps of spatial variability of chosen parameters were drafted. It was stated that high value of variance influenced on higher smoothing of spatial distribution in interpolation. Results of geostatistical analysis will allow to find locations for new measuring points, what has substantial significance in mountain areas, for precision analysis of soil properties. Based on the obtained results, it can be stated that the kriging method may be useful tool for determination spatial variability analysis of soil properties on an areas of mountain basins.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2018, 19, 3; 146-153
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Soil Sequences Along a Slope of the Opalenica Plain
Autorzy:
Kozłowski, M.
Komisarek, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123339.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
Luvisols
Retisols
toposequence
spatial variability
Opis:
The paper presents the results of a study on differentiation of the morphological structure of soil and selected physical and chemical properties of soils in toposequence of the Opalenica Plain. The study was conducted in a 1200 m long transect running through a typical soil toposequence for the Polish Lowland, and therefore the results presented in this study can be extrapolated to similar geomorphological conditions of the area. On the basis of pedological cross-section, the following soil units were distinguished: PWspgl – Albic Luvisols (Arenic) with glossic properties, PAt – Albic Glossic Retisols (Loamic), PAsp – Albic Glossic Retisols (Aric, Arenic), PAspgg – Albic Glossic Retisols (Aric, Arenic, Oxyaquic), PWsggl – Albic Luvisols (Aric, Arenic, Stagnic) with glossic properties, PWgggl – Albic Luvisols (Aric, Loamic, Stagnic) with glossic properties, CZgg – Mollic Reductigleyic Eutric Gleysols (Aric, Loamic), CFt – Fluvic Phaeozems (Aric, Arenic). Each of these units has its own specific position in toposequence but the occurrence of Fluvic Phaeozems (Aric, Arenic) are associated with geogenetic processes of Mogilnica river. In this work, using a multiple regression analysis a statistically significant relationships between the position of the soils in relief and the terrain slopes and the organic carbon content in Ap horizon, the cation exchangeable capacity, the sum of exchangeable bases and the pH were obtained. Systematic variability of most soil properties of Ap horizon have shown two distances of spatial variation. The first concerns the systematic changes in shorter distance (from 132 to 344 m) and can be associated with differences in soil properties between separate soil units. The second distance of spatial correlation ranges from 431 m to 792 m, which testify to the fact that quantitative changes in the properties of soils are realized gradually and distinctly, together with the differentiation of the slope, over several separate cartographic units.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2016, 17, 1; 69-76
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Technical note: Comparison between two methods for estimating the vertical scale of fluctuation for modeling random geotechnical problems
Autorzy:
Pieczyńska-Kozłowska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/178384.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
scale of fluctuation
spatial variability
Opis:
The design process in geotechnical engineering requires the most accurate mapping of soil. The difficulty lies in the spatial variability of soil parameters, which has been a site of investigation of many researches for many years. This study analyses the soilmodeling problem by suggesting two effective methods of acquiring information for modeling that consists of variability from cone penetration test (CPT). The first method has been used in geotechnical engineering, but the second one has not been associated with geotechnics so far. Both methods are applied to a case study in which the parameters of changes are estimated. The knowledge of the variability of parameters allows in a long term more effective estimation, for example, bearing capacity probability of failure.
Źródło:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica; 2015, 37, 4; 95-103
0137-6365
2083-831X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spatial variability and efficiency of treatment mean comparisons in an experiment with fodder pea using modern statistical methods.
Autorzy:
Gołaszewski, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198840.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001-06-21
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
spatial variability
ANOVA
ANCOVA
NNA
kriging
relative efficiency
Opis:
It is typical of breeding experimentation to conduct experiments on large breeding material tested on small plots with a limited number of replications. Under such conditions, observations made on adjacent plots are biased by the effect of autocorrelation and fertility trends. The actual treatment effects can be masked and the capability of the breeder to detect true treatment differences is impaired. This paper deals with the problem of the estimation of effects of spatial variability and their impact on the efficiency of treatment comparisons. The considerations are based on the results from a breeding experiment with 25 treatments of fodder pea arranged according to the partially balanced incomplete block design (IBD) with 4 replications. Plant height and seed yield were analysed with the conventional statistical method ANOVA, the nearest neighbour analysis (NNA) and kriging. Eventually, the efficiency of the neoclassical methods relative to the completely randomised design (CRD) and randomised block design (RBD) was calculated. The estimation of the treatment effect on plant height was accomplished most efficiently with the NNA, whereas the efficiency of the alternative methods in the estimation of seed yield was comparable to the efficiency of the RBD.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2001, 45, 1; 87-98
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spatial variability study of rainfall in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
Autorzy:
Mouthon-Bello, Javier A.
Quiñones-Bolaños, Edgar
Ortiz-Corrales, Jairo E.
Mouthon-Barraza, Natalia
Hernández-Fuentes, Maria D.J.
Caraballo-Meza, Andrea C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174346.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
coastal city
rainfall duration
rainfall intensity
spatial correlation
spatial variability
Opis:
Precipitation is a component of the hydrological cycle, knowing its spatial distribution is vital for the management of hydrographic basins, the territory and the development of fundamental activities for society. That is why the present study shows the spatial variability of rainfall in Cartagena de Indias city with a network of rain gauges, made up of nine pieces of equipment, separated from each other by 0.9-27 km. After a year of recording (2019), using historical series of data, it was found that the maximum rainfall occurs in the trimester between September and November, with interpolated maps made by the Ordinary Kriging (OK) method it was found that the maximum rainfall is focused on the north, centre and west of the territory, instead, the maximum intensities are presented in the centre and west, the minimums for both variables are presented to the east and south. The 70 and 90% of the rain events have a duration of less than 30 min and 1 h, respectively. Three-parameter exponential function was fitted to the paired correlation distances, and presented correlations lower than 0.8, 0.5 and 0.2 from distances of 1, 3 and 7 km, respectively, in 30 min rain integration. It was also found that with a pluviometric network conformed by at least six pieces of equipment and separated by a 5 km distance from each other in the urban area, a correlation of 0.5 and compliance with the WMO recommendations would be obtained.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2022, 55; 138--149
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The analysis of spatial variability of precipitation in Poland in the multiyears 1981–2010
Autorzy:
Grzywna, Antoni
Bochniak, Andrzej
Ziernicka-Wojtaszek, Agnieszka
Krużel, Joanna
Jóźwiakowski, Krzysztof
Wałęga, Andrzej
Ciupak, Agnieszka
Mazur, Andrzej
Obroślak, Radomir
Serafin, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/292589.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
climate change
kriging
Polska
precipitation
spatial variability
water resources
Opis:
The purpose of the paper is to analyze the spatial variability of precipitation in Poland in the years 1981–2010. The average annual rainfall was 607 mm. Precipitation in Poland is characterized by high spatial and temporal variability. The lowest annual precipitation was recorded in the central part of the country, where they equaled 500 mm. The highest annual precipitation totals were determined in the south, equaling 970 mm. The average precipitation in the summer half-year is 382 mm (63% of the annual total). On the basis of data from 53 climate stations, maps were made of the spatial distribution of precipitation for the period of the year and winter and summer half-year. The kriging method was used to map rainfall distribution in Poland. In the case study, cross-validation was used to compare the prediction performances of three periods. Kriging, with exponential type of semivariogram, gave the best performance in the statistical sense. Their application is justices especially in areas where landform is very complex. In accordance with the assumptions, the mean prediction error (ME), mean standardized prediction error (MSE), and root mean-square standardized prediction error (RMSSE) values are approximately zero, and root-mean-square prediction error (RMSE) and average standard error (ASE) reach values well below 100.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2020, 46; 105-111
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spatial and temporal variability of soil water content
Autorzy:
Oyedele, D.J.
Tijani, F.O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24729.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
soil water
water content
spatial variability
temporal variability
ploughing
soil layer
Źródło:
International Agrophysics; 2010, 24, 2; 171-176
0236-8722
Pojawia się w:
International Agrophysics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of Spatial Variability of Selected Soil Properties in the Hard Coal Post-Mining Area
Autorzy:
Klatka, Sławomir Tomasz
Malec, Magdalena
Ryczek, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/125377.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
spatial variability
soil properties
coal post-mining area
kriging
Opis:
The result of geomechanical and hydrological degradation caused by the underground extraction of hard coal are the transformations of the environmentally managed terrains and high variability of soil properties occurring in these areas. The analysis of selected soil properties of spatial variability in the post-mining area conducted by means of the kriging technique was presented in the paper. The determined points of empirical semivariogram were described by means of mathematical functions and theoretical semivariograms were plotted. The conducted analysis allowed to plot the maps of variability isolines, which my provide a basis to delineate the boundaries of areas most susceptible to the hydrological degradation of soils. The obtained research results indicate that the applied kriging technique may prove to be a useful tool for determining spatial variability of soils in the areas of hard coal mining operations and allow to delineate the boundaries of the areas most susceptible to soil degradation.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 3; 185-193
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hydrogeochemistry and magnitude of SGD in the Bay of Puck, Southern Baltic Sea
Autorzy:
Klostowska, Z.
Szymczycha, B.
Lengier, M.
Zarzeczanska, D.
Dzierzbicka-Glowacka, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47678.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
hydrogeochemistry
submarine groundwater discharge
seasonal variability
spatial variability
Puck Bay
Baltic Sea
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2020, 62, 1
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena przestrzennej zmienności występowania opadów atmosferycznych w Centralnej Polsce w latach 2013-2015
Assessment of spatial and temporal variability of rainfall in Central Poland in the year 2013-2015
Autorzy:
Wójcik, K.
Treder, W.
Zbudniewek, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101053.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
deszcz
okres bezdeszczowy
zmienność przestrzenna
precipitation
rainless period
spatial variability
Opis:
W warunkach klimatycznych Polski opady atmosferyczne są podstawowym źródłem wody dla roślin. Klimat Polski określany jest jako przejściowy, zmienny i kontrastowy. Zmienny jest także rozkład opadów w czasie sezonu wegetacyjnego, w tej samej porze roku mogą występować wielodniowe okresy bezopadowe lub długotrwałe nadmierne opady. Opady charakteryzują się różną wielkością i intensywnością. Celem podjętych badań była analiza przestrzennej zmienności opadów atmosferycznych w centralnej Polsce. Dane pomiarowe obejmowały okresy wegetacyjne od IV do X w latach 2013-2015. Analiza wyników potwierdza opinię o bardzo dużej zmienności sum opadów, ich maksymalnych wysokości i intensywności oraz długości ciągów dni z opadem i bez opadów. Różnice wykazano na stacjach położonych nawet bardzo blisko siebie. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy można stwierdzić, że opady powinny być mierzone bezpośrednio w miejscu, dla którego szacowany jest bilans wodny.
In Polish climatic conditions rainfall constitutes the main source of water for vegetation. The climate of Poland is characterized by high temporal and spatial variation. The total amount and seasonal distribution of precipitation show significant variability. The aim of the study was to analyze spatial changeability of rainfall in Central Poland. Data concerning rainfall were collected during the vegetative seasons of April - October in years 2013 - 2015. Analysis of the results confirms the observation which states that there is a great spatial variability of sum of precipitation, its maximum amount and intensity as well as the length of dry and rainy periods. Significant differences were observed between the stations located very close to each other. On the basis of obtained results it is stated that the rainfall must be measured directly on the area for which the water balance is to be estimated.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2016, I/1; 73-87
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spatial distribution of topsoil water content along a loess hillslope transect
Autorzy:
Usowicz, B
Rejman, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1401918.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
soil water
spatial variability
soil
topsoil water
water property
water content
Opis:
The paper presents statistical, geostatistical and fractal analysis of variability of topsoil water pontent along a loess hillslope. Spatial dependence of topsoil water content was observed on studied sites. On a site with plants, the range of spatial dependence was smaller than on a site without plants. Fractal dimension showed that topsoil water on a site with plants was more randomized than on a site without, il.
Źródło:
Acta Agrophysica; 2000, 35
1234-4125
Pojawia się w:
Acta Agrophysica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spatial variability of recent sedimentation rates in the Eastern Gotland Basin (Baltic Sea)
Autorzy:
Hille, S.
Leipe, T.
Seifert, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48484.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
hydrography
Gotland Basin
sediment accumulation
spatial variability
sedimentation rate
Baltic Sea
Opis:
In order to study recent sedimentation rates in the Eastern Gotland Basin, 52 short sediment cores collected from the deepest part (<150 m)of the Basin in 2003 were investigated. The upper parts of all the cores were distinctly laminated and dark in colour, followed by a homogeneous, greyish lower part. The thickness of the laminated sequences varied from 17 to 300 mm. 210Pb dating analyses of selected cores revealed that the change from non-laminated to laminated sediments happened about 100 years ago, indicating a shift from predominantly oxic bottom water conditions to anoxic conditions. Used as a time marker, this shift in the sediment texture enabled sediment accumulation rates to be estimated for all sediment cores. The observed mean linear sedimentation rate for the whole basin was 0.93 ± 0.67 mm yr−1. The respective bulk sediment accumulation rates ranged from 10.5 to 527 g m−2 yr−1 with an average of 129 ± 112 g m−2 yr−1, indicating a high spatial variability of sedimentation rates within the basin. This agrees very well with the long-term sedimentation pattern since the Litorina transgression. The observed pattern clearly reflects the hydrographic conditions at the seafloor as studied by modelled near-bottom current velocities.
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2006, 48, 2
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stress-weighted spatial averaging of random fields in geotechnical risk assessment
Autorzy:
Brząkała, Włodzimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2041287.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
spatial variability
effective soil parameter
variance reduction
Vanmarcke averaging
safety factor
Opis:
Effects of spatial fluctuations of soil parameters are considered in a new context – considering variability of soil parameters in conjunction with non-uniform stress fields, which can locally amplify (or suppress) subsoil inhomogeneities. In this way, several design situations for the Coulomb frictional material with random tan(φ(x)) reveal a reduction of variance, which is less significant than for the standard volume averaging. When looking for an 'effective' random variable [tan(φ)]a – that is, a random variable, which is equivalent to the random field tan(φ(x)) – the Vanmarcke averaging by simple volume integrals is insufficient; it systematically overestimates effects of variance reduction, thus causing potentially unsafe situations. The new proposed approach is coherent, formally defined and more realistic.
Źródło:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica; 2021, 43, 4; 465-478
0137-6365
2083-831X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie opadów atmosferycznych na obszarze Łodzi
Spatial variability of precipitation in the area of Lodz
Autorzy:
Bartnik, Adam
Marcinkowski, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/945126.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
opady
obszar zurbanizowany
Łódź
zmienność przestrzenna
precipitations
urban area
lodz
spatial variability
Opis:
Opracowanie jest próbą ustalenia przestrzennej zmienności opadów atmosferycznych na obszarze Łodzi, w jej granicach administracyjnych, a równocześnie częścią większego projektu zmierzającego do opracowania zintegrowanego modelu odpływu rzecznego w warunkach silnej antropopresji. Do realizacji tego zadania, posłużono się danymi zarejestrowanymi w latach 2010–2012 przez różne instytucje działające w obrębie aglomeracji (rys. 1). Pozyskane szeregi cechowała jednak nieciągłość oraz istnienie błędów o różnej genezie i o różnym charakterze. Dlatego pierwszym zadaniem było wykrycie i uzupełnienie braków pomiarów lub ich poprawienie. Ostatecznym celem prezentowanego opracowania było uzyskanie sekwencji map obrazujących przestrzenne zróżnicowanie opadów w poszczególnych latach trzylecia 2010–2012 oraz ich średnich sum rocznych w tym okresie, co ma pozwolić na określenie przestrzennej zmienności dostawy wody do powierzchni terenu. Efektem była sekwencja map przedstawiających przestrzenne zróżnicowanie opadów atmosferycznych na obszarze miasta w poszczególnych latach okresu (rys. 3), średnich sum opadów (rys. 4), maksymalnych dobowych sum opadów (rys. 5), maksymalnych godzinowych sum opadów (rys. 6) oraz liczby dni z opadem >0,1 mm (rys. 7) w badanym okresie.
This study is an attempt to determine the spatial variability of precipitation in the city of Lodz, within its administrative boundaries, and it’s a part of the larger project, which aims to develop an integrated river outflow model under a strong anthropopressure. Therefore, the hydrologic year was taken (from November 1 to October 31). To accomplish this task, the data recorded in 2010–2012 by various institutions operating within the agglomeration were used (fig. 1). Data strings from 24 rain gauges were used. However, the obtained sequences were characterized by discontinuity and the existence of various origin errors and different character. Therefore, the first task was to detect and fill the measurement gaps or to correct them. The ultimate aim of the present study was to obtain a cartographic representation of the spatial variability of precipitation in each year of the period 2010–2012 (fig. 3) and their average annual throughout this period (fig. 4), which made it possible to determine the spatial variability of water flow to the surface. Figs. 5 and 6 represent respectively the maximum daily rainfall and maximum hourly rainfall recorded in the investigated three-year period. Fig. 7 shows the average annual number of days with precipitation in the city area. Despite the very dense measurement network (which continues to be expanded) and a very high resolution of data, it was a difficult task, which required multi-step preparation and verification procedures. Data strings were incomplete or affected by errors of various kinds. One must therefore be aware of the imperfections of data collected automatically. Studies on spatial distribution of precipitation, their duration and intensity can be used to understand the causes and learn the scope of urban flooding. Creation of storm sewers control system which reacts in real-time to readings of automatic stations will avoid future losses related to sudden urban floods.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Physica; 2015, 14
1427-9711
2353-6063
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Physica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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