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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Evaluation of soil physical quality in dominant series of calcareous soils in south-west of Iran
    Autorzy:
    Meskini-Vishkaee, Fatemeh
    Jafarnejadi, Ali Reza
    Mousavi-Fazl, Mohammad Hadi
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2088190.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
    Tematy:
    aeration
    macroporosity
    soil available water
    S index
    Opis:
    Calcareous soils are widely spread in arid and semiarid regions. Carbonates can affect soil quality by influencing soil pH, structure and soil available water. There are lots of calcareous soils in Iran and especially Khuzestan province, so, providing sustainable agriculture evaluating the soil quality is essential. This study was done to evaluate the soil physical quality in dominant calcareous soil series in Khuzestan province, Iran. Soil physical quality indicators, including Dexter's S index, air capacity, soil available water capacity, relative water capacity and macroporosity were calculated. The results showed that, based on Dexter's S index, only one calcareous soil series had a poor physical quality (S < 0.035). However, the simultaneous evaluation of different soil quality indicators showed that 56 % and 22 % of studied calcareous soil series had limited aeration and soil available water, respectively. While the weakest soil physical quality was related to the southeastern soil of Ahvaz, with both aeration and soil available water limitations. The results showed that the proper assessment of soil physical quality in calcareous soils requires considering more physical indicators than just Dexter's S index related to soil aeration condition including air capacity and macroporosity.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Soil Science; 2020, 53, 2; 225-243
    0079-2985
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Soil Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    An assessment of crop water deficits of the plants growing on the Małopolska Upland (Poland)
    Ocena niedoborów wodnych roślin uprawianych na Wyżynie Małopolskiej
    Autorzy:
    Kowalczyk, A.
    Łabędzki, L.
    Kuźniar, A.
    Kostuch, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/292268.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
    Tematy:
    available soil water
    crop water deficits
    Małopolska Upland
    plants
    niedobory wodne
    retencja gleb
    rośliny uprawne
    Wyżyna Małopolska
    Opis:
    The problem of water scarcity is unfavourable for the economy, with the most significant water deficits felt by agriculture. In Poland water deficits in agriculture are occurring more frequently, causing losses in yield, not only in the Lowland areas but also in the Uplands. This paper presents an assessment of the water deficits at various excedance probability levels for four varieties of field crop and for soil types with various water retention capacity, which occur in the Małopolska Upland. Calculations were performed by balancing the amount of available soil water in the root zone. The study was based on the meteorological data from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management for the years 1971–2010. Daily precipitation data from six rainfall stations: Borusowa, Igołomia, Książ Wielki, Miechów, Olewin and Sielec was utilised as well as average decadal air temperature, water vapour pressure, wind speed and sunshine hours from the meteorological station at Kraków– Balice. The water deficits at an excedance probability level of 20% fluctuated during the growing season from 5 mm (Phaeozems) to 190 mm (Leptosols). In the Małopolska Upland in soils with a medium capacity to retain water (110–160 mm), water deficits have occurred even in years of average rainfall (with probability 50%). This study confirms the considerable impact of the high variability of the soil and pluvial conditions in the region on the water deficits of the field crops.
    Problem niedoboru wody jest niekorzystny dla całej gospodarki, jednak najbardziej i najszybciej niedobory wody odczuwane są w rolnictwie. Na terenie Polski coraz częściej występują braki wody w rolnictwie, i nie tylko, na obszarach położonych na Niżu Polskim, powodując straty w plonach. W pracy przedstawiono ocenę niedoborów wodnych o różnym prawdopodobieństwie przewyższenia, dla czterech gatunków roślin: buraka cukrowego, kukurydzy na ziarno, pszenicy ozimej, ziemniaka późnego oraz na glebach o zróżnicowanych zdolnościach retencyjnych występujących na Wyżynie Małopolskiej. Obliczenia przeprowadzono metodą bilansowania zapasu wody użytecznej w warstwie korzeniowej gleby. W pracy wykorzystano dane meteorologiczne Instytutu Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej z lat 1971–2010 – dobowe sumy opadów z sześciu stacji (Borusowa, Igołomia, Książ Wielki, Miechów, Olewin i Sielec) oraz średnie dekadowe wartości temperatury powietrza, ciśnienia pary wodnej, prędkości wiatru i usłonecznienia ze stacji meteorologicznej Kraków-Balice. Niedobory wody obliczono metodą bilansowania zapasu wody użytecznej w warstwie korzeniowej gleby za pomocą metody Penmana–Monteitha (ewapotranspiracja wskaźnikowa) [ALLEN et al. 1998; ŁABĘDZKI et al. 2011; 2014]. Badania potwierdziły dużą zmienność warunków glebowych i pluwialnych w tym regionie oraz ich wpływ na niedobory wodne upraw polowych. Niedobory o prawdopodobieństwie przewyższenia 20% wynosiły w okresie wegetacji od 5 mm (na czarnoziemach – Phaeozems) do 190 mm (na rędzinach – Leptosols). Na glebach Wyżyny Małopolskiej o średnich zdolnościach do retencjonowania wody (110–160 mm) niedobory wodne wystąpiły nawet w latach przeciętnych pod względem ilości opadów (o prawdopodobieństwie 50%). W uprawie pszenicy ozimej na czarnoziemach, glebach brunatnych i madach na Wysoczyźnie Proszowickiej niedobory wody nie wystąpiły. Jednocześnie niedobory wody (o prawdopodobieństwie 20%) w uprawie ziemniaka późnego w okresie wegetacyjnym wynoszą od 106 mm (czarnoziemy) do 156 mm (rędziny).
    Źródło:
    Journal of Water and Land Development; 2016, 29; 11-22
    1429-7426
    2083-4535
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Water and Land Development
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Relationships of Texture and Hydrophysical Properties in Soil Profiles Under Selected Exotic Trees in the Context of Climate Change in Central Europe
    Autorzy:
    Polláková, Nora
    Šimanský, Vladimír
    Jonczak, Jerzy
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1838319.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    available water
    drought
    porosity
    soil aeration
    soil texture
    wilting point
    Opis:
    Suitable soil and environmental conditions are the main prerequisites for successful growth of plants. Generally, all soil properties are substantially affected by textural composition. Therefore, the objective of the study was to test the interrelationships between particle size distribution and such physical soil properties, which usually predetermine the survival/death of plants, since they significantly affect the content and availability of water and air. Textural composition and physical soil properties were studied in profiles under monocultures of selected exotic trees in Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia. The results showed that medium-textured dominated in topsoils, whereas heavy-textured classes were dominant in luvic and stagnic horizons. Evaluation of entire profiles had confirmed standard, expected relationships between the individual grain fractions and soil physical properties. However, differences have occurred when the correlations between texture and physical properties in individual horizons were evaluated. Considering entire soil profiles, increased sand content significantly supported drainage of rainwater and soil aeration; silt contributed to increase the total porosity and aeration as well as available water capacity; clay contributed to the decrease in the available water capacity, total, and particularly coarse porosity and aeration, and to rise water retention, as well as the values of the wilting point. The results showed silt as key fraction providing suitable hydrophysical properties for the survival and growth of trees introduced in Arboretum. In compacted luvic and stagnic horizons, silt was significantly involved in the formation of total, and particularly coarse porosity and thereby increase soil aeration, while conversely, in loose topsoils just silt fraction significantly contributed to the reduction of coarse pores and increase of fine capillary pores and therefore water retention. In loose eluvial horizons, the silt contributed to significant increases in capillary porosity and water availability, which is essential in terms of meeting the plant needs.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2021, 22, 6; 244-252
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Relationships of Texture and Hydrophysical Properties in Soil Profiles Under Selected Exotic Trees in the Context of Climate Change in Central Europe
    Autorzy:
    Polláková, Nora
    Šimanský, Vladimír
    Jonczak, Jerzy
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1838349.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    available water
    drought
    porosity
    soil aeration
    soil texture
    wilting point
    Opis:
    Suitable soil and environmental conditions are the main prerequisites for successful growth of plants. Generally, all soil properties are substantially affected by textural composition. Therefore, the objective of the study was to test the interrelationships between particle size distribution and such physical soil properties, which usually predetermine the survival/death of plants, since they significantly affect the content and availability of water and air. Textural composition and physical soil properties were studied in profiles under monocultures of selected exotic trees in Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia. The results showed that medium-textured dominated in topsoils, whereas heavy-textured classes were dominant in luvic and stagnic horizons. Evaluation of entire profiles had confirmed standard, expected relationships between the individual grain fractions and soil physical properties. However, differences have occurred when the correlations between texture and physical properties in individual horizons were evaluated. Considering entire soil profiles, increased sand content significantly supported drainage of rainwater and soil aeration; silt contributed to increase the total porosity and aeration as well as available water capacity; clay contributed to the decrease in the available water capacity, total, and particularly coarse porosity and aeration, and to rise water retention, as well as the values of the wilting point. The results showed silt as key fraction providing suitable hydrophysical properties for the survival and growth of trees introduced in Arboretum. In compacted luvic and stagnic horizons, silt was significantly involved in the formation of total, and particularly coarse porosity and thereby increase soil aeration, while conversely, in loose topsoils just silt fraction significantly contributed to the reduction of coarse pores and increase of fine capillary pores and therefore water retention. In loose eluvial horizons, the silt contributed to significant increases in capillary porosity and water availability, which is essential in terms of meeting the plant needs.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2021, 22, 6; 244-252
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Impact of marble powder amendment on hydraulic properties of a sandy soil
    Autorzy:
    Farhadi-Machekposhti, M.
    Valdes-Abellan, J.
    Pla, C.
    Benavente, D.
    Pachepsky, Y.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082885.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    saturated hydraulic conductivity
    soil water
    retention curve
    field capacity
    plant available water
    pore size
    distribution
    Opis:
    Marble powder is one of carbonate rock amendments that is used to improve soil reaction. We hypothesized that the powdered marble addition can cause favorable changes in hydraulic properties of sandy soils. Six levels of marble powder addition to an aridisol soil (0%; M0; 5%; M5; 10%; M10; 15%; M15; 20%; M20 and 25%, M25; by bulk volume) were analyzed in triplicate. The saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil water retention curves were obtained. Pore space properties were investigated using soil water retention curves, mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The saturated hydraulic conductivity significantly decreased (between 83 and 97% for M5 and M25 respectively) and parameters α and n of the van Genuchten model significantly decreased in marble-amended soils. Both field capacity and permanent wilting point increased with the addition of marble powder. Plant-available water, increased significantly until 10% of marble powder application; higher percentages of application did not provide additional significant changes in the plant-available water. Pore space distributions from soil water retention curves parameters showed an increase in the pore size range and a decrease in the average pore size; pore space distribution from the scanning electron microscopy also showed the presence of a new family of dominant pore sizes which was not detected by the soil water retention curves parameters approach. It was concluded that the addition of marble powder can improve the ability of soil to store water providing an advantage for irrigation water management in water scarce environments. Further research will have to address the impact of marble powder amendment under field semi-arid conditions.
    Źródło:
    International Agrophysics; 2020, 34, 2; 223-232
    0236-8722
    Pojawia się w:
    International Agrophysics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Identification of Threats to the Soil and Water Environment on the Example of an Inactive Landfill Site
    Autorzy:
    Pusz, A.
    Wiśniewska, M.
    Rogalski, D.
    Grzyb, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124301.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    landfill
    soil and water environment
    distribution of pollutants
    available phosphorus
    ammonium nitrogen
    chlorides
    EC
    migration of pollutants
    Opis:
    Pollution migration is the main problem of the landfills that have been located, installed and operated without meeting basic environmental protection requirements. Undertaking effective reclamation treatments is conditioned by a good recognition of the object and its close and distant surroundings. The purpose of the work was to determine the potential hazard to the soil and water environment, based on selected factors, in the vicinity of a closed waste landfill at Głębocka Street in Warsaw. In the soil samples taken at the site from various depths, high concentrations of chlorides, EC, ammonium nitrogen and phosphates were found. Furthermore, the high ammonium nitrogen content correlated with the scent of ammonia, and the content of phosphates with the scent of organic compounds. These pollutants testify to the progressive decomposition of substances occurring in the mass of littering waste, which may pose a serious threat to groundwater. The landfill is also a potential geotechnical hazard because it is a dynamically changing object that can change stability, create caverns and landslides.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2018, 19, 4; 181-190
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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