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Tytuł:
Biblioteka Pisarzy Towarzystwa Jezusowego w Warszawie
Autorzy:
Nir, Roman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1044740.pdf
Data publikacji:
1977
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Towarzystwo Jezusowe
biblioteka
zbiory
stare druki
katalog
Society of Jezus
library
repertory
old prints
catalogue
Źródło:
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne; 1977, 34; 175-180
0518-3766
2545-3491
Pojawia się w:
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zbiory misyjno-etnograficzne Polskiej Prowincji Zgromadzenia Słowa Bożego
Autorzy:
Śliwka, Eugeniusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1044739.pdf
Data publikacji:
1977
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
werbiści
zgromadzenie
zbiory
muzeum
okres międzywojenny
etnografia
misje
Society of the Divine Word
order
repertory
museum
inter-war period
etnography
mission
Źródło:
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne; 1977, 34; 181-190
0518-3766
2545-3491
Pojawia się w:
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Penalizacja i jej ograniczenia
Penalization and its limitations
Autorzy:
Gardocki, Lech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699198.pdf
Data publikacji:
1985
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
penalizacja
ograniczenia
prawo karne
kodeks karny
społeczeństwo
penalization
limitations
penal law
penal code
society
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1985, XII; 11-16
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Postępowanie pojednawcze w społeczności lokalnej: polityka nieformalnego rozwiązywania konfliktów
Community arbitration: the politics of informal conflict handling
Autorzy:
Gröfors, Martti
Kossowska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699210.pdf
Data publikacji:
1985
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
postępowanie pojednawcze
społeczność lokalna
rozwiązywanie konfliktów
polityka nieformalna
conciliation
local society
conflict handling
informal policy
community arbitration
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1985, XII; 89-100
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prostytucja w Skandynawskiej perspektywie
Prostitution - Scandinavian perspective
Autorzy:
Prieur, Annick
Giertsen, Hedda
Jasiński, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699204.pdf
Data publikacji:
1985
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
prostytucja
Skandynawia
perspektywa
kryminalistyka
społeczeństwo
pieniądze
prostitution
Scandinavia
perspective
criminology
society
money
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1985, XII; 139-156
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stosunek społeczeństwa kościoła do sierpniowego apelu o trzeźwość
Social response to the church appeal for sobriety of August 1984
Autorzy:
Bielewicz, Antoni
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699273.pdf
Data publikacji:
1989
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
mężczyźni
abstynencja
church
appeal
sobriety
society
representative
alcoholism
alcohol
August
women
men
abstinence
test
Opis:
On the last Sunday of July, 1984, a bishops pastoral was read out for the first time in all Polish churches: it contained an appeal to the nation to abstain from vodka and to be moderate in consumption of other alcoholic beverages throughout August, a special month in the history of Poland. The appeal has a special position in the Church's postwar activities aimed at ,,sobering the nation up". Its chief novelty is the way in which the need for such renouncement is grounded. The authors cite first and foremost the national values: ,Forty years ago, Warsaw ran with blood. It is the highest time now for (...) Poles to bring themselves to a definite act of sobriety as a tribute to those who fell in the streets of Warsaw fighting for freedom and in the name of the noblest ideals. (...) May this great nationwide abstention from vodka become the Nation's moral rising against subjugation which finds one of its most tragic expressions in drunkenness (...). May this be a rising against this aspect of incapacitation of the Polish nation". A similar appeal was also issued a year later and in 1986; in the latter case, it was for total abstinence.               In 1986, a study was carried out at the Lublin Catholic University. It was to define: 1) the range of social backing for the Church appeal of August 1984; 2) the social circles in which the backing was greater vs. smaller; and 3) the state authorities attitude towards that initiative. Examined was a nationwide representative sample of 2,105 persons aged at least 18.               A decided rnajority of Polish society were well-disposed towards the Church's August initiative, 80 per cent of the examined persons expressing a favourable opinion about the appeal. Every fifth respondent voiced his fullest approval. Also most of the examined persons stressed the Church's high prestige and social authority in their statements: in their opinion, these factors should contribute to a higher social approval of the appeal. Others who also backed the appeal pointed to the dangers that result from drunkenness and alcoholism. In many cases) the respondents added to their statements various relevant postulates which they believed the society and government ought to meet. ,,There was a great need for such an appeal'', said one of the respondents, ,,all Polish people should back it." Another one said, In my opinion, this (initiative) is super. The government should give all its backing to it."              About 7 per cent of the respondents were ill-disposed towards the August appeal. Some of them thought it to be senseless; but others were highly aggressive towards it. ,,A clerical whim", was one of such opinions. Women were much better-disposed towards the Church's initiative than men. The Episcopate's pastoral received the warmest reception in medium-sized and big towns, and the coolest-in small towns. Those with secondary and incomplete elementary education were most favourable towards the appeal than intellectuals, and than factorymen in particular.                The respondents were rather skeptical about the results of such appeals. Of the 829 persons who expressed their opinion about this problem, only 16.5 per cent believed such initiatives to be generally effective. They thought most of the nation would comply with the appeal which might thus ,,stop the extention of  drunkenness’’ or ,, hold the nation on the edge of a precipice’’. Their optimistic attitudes resulted from their recent observations. A considerable group of respondents saw ,, a smaller number of drunks in the streets of Polish towns in August’’. About 15 per cent of those who expressed their opinion about this problem estimated the August appeal not to be very effective and thought only the ,,deepest believers’’ would comply with it. 16 per cent of the respondents were ambivalent, and the largest proportion, about 34 per cent of the examined persons, found the Church’s August initiative to be ineffective. Most of the latter thought this situation to result from the fact that ,, those who drink never go to church’’.                 As follows from the study, 10.5 per cent of adult Poles gave their active backing to the August appeal. This means that about 2.8 million of Poles abstained from alcohol in August 1986, thus expressing their solidarity with the Church appeal. Interesting are motives that actuated the decision to comply with the appeal for sobriety. Among them, the motives of a social nature prevail, with over two-thirds of the discussed group of respondents stating that they found the appeal to be just and useful and hence supported it, or that they wanted this way to contribute to the reduction of drinking and alcoholism in Poland, or believed alcohol to bring about much unhappiness and suffering. About 30 per cent of this group mentioned religious motives, including about 27 per cent who were actuated by general, and 3 per cent by personal religious reasons. Women’s response to the appeal was much more favourable than that of men: 12.7 per cent of adult Polish women complied with the appeal for sobriety, as compared with 8 per cent only of adult men. Persons aged over 60 gave the strongest backing to the appeal; also those in their forties and fifties were well-disposed to that initiative. It won but a weak support of the youth, and the least favourable were those aged 26-40. The higher educated circles were less willing to comply with the appeal than those with a lower level of education. The appeal proved most convincing for the population of medium-sized towns and communes; instead, the inhabitants of small towns and big cities were most reserved towards it. Among the professionally active, peasants and intellectuals were much better-disposed towards the bishops pastoral than entrepreneurs, workmen, and especially peasants who have extra jobs as workmen. Of those who are not employed pensioners and housewives were equally inclined to support the appeal, this tendency being weaker among students and schoolchildren. A strong correlation was found between the attitude towards the appeal and religious observance. The church-going persons were better-disposed towards the appeal than those who practice occasionally or not at all. A relation was also found between a Party or trade-union membership and the attitude towards the appeal. Members of the Polish United Workers Party were more critical towards it than persons with no party affiliation; a similar interdependence found also in the case of trade-unions membership.                As shown by statistical analysis, the following traits are most strongly correlated with the attitude towards the appeal: regularity of religious practices on holidays: sex; socio-professional group ; age; type  and size of locality; education; membership of the Polish United Worker’s Party and trade-unions.
                On the last Sunday of July, 1984, a bishops pastoral was read out for the first time in all Polish churches: it contained an appeal to the nation to abstain from vodka and to be moderate in consumption of other alcoholic beverages throughout August, a special month in the history of Poland. The appeal has a special position in the Church's postwar activities aimed at ,,sobering the nation up". Its chief novelty is the way in which the need for such renouncement is grounded. The authors cite first and foremost the national values: ,Forty years ago, Warsaw ran with blood. It is the highest time now for (...) Poles to bring themselves to a definite act of sobriety as a tribute to those who fell in the streets of Warsaw fighting for freedom and in the name of the noblest ideals. (...) May this great nationwide abstention from vodka become the Nation's moral rising against subjugation which finds one of its most tragic expressions in drunkenness (...). May this be a rising against this aspect of incapacitation of the Polish nation". A similar appeal was also issued a year later and in 1986; in the latter case, it was for total abstinence.               In 1986, a study was carried out at the Lublin Catholic University. It was to define: 1) the range of social backing for the Church appeal of August 1984; 2) the social circles in which the backing was greater vs. smaller; and 3) the state authorities attitude towards that initiative. Examined was a nationwide representative sample of 2,105 persons aged at least 18.               A decided rnajority of Polish society were well-disposed towards the Church's August initiative, 80 per cent of the examined persons expressing a favourable opinion about the appeal. Every fifth respondent voiced his fullest approval. Also most of the examined persons stressed the Church's high prestige and social authority in their statements: in their opinion, these factors should contribute to a higher social approval of the appeal. Others who also backed the appeal pointed to the dangers that result from drunkenness and alcoholism. In many cases) the respondents added to their statements various relevant postulates which they believed the society and government ought to meet. ,,There was a great need for such an appeal'', said one of the respondents, ,,all Polish people should back it." Another one said, In my opinion, this (initiative) is super. The government should give all its backing to it."              About 7 per cent of the respondents were ill-disposed towards the August appeal. Some of them thought it to be senseless; but others were highly aggressive towards it. ,,A clerical whim", was one of such opinions. Women were much better-disposed towards the Church's initiative than men. The Episcopate's pastoral received the warmest reception in medium-sized and big towns, and the coolest-in small towns. Those with secondary and incomplete elementary education were most favourable towards the appeal than intellectuals, and than factorymen in particular.                The respondents were rather skeptical about the results of such appeals. Of the 829 persons who expressed their opinion about this problem, only 16.5 per cent believed such initiatives to be generally effective. They thought most of the nation would comply with the appeal which might thus ,,stop the extention of  drunkenness’’ or ,, hold the nation on the edge of a precipice’’. Their optimistic attitudes resulted from their recent observations. A considerable group of respondents saw ,, a smaller number of drunks in the streets of Polish towns in August’’. About 15 per cent of those who expressed their opinion about this problem estimated the August appeal not to be very effective and thought only the ,,deepest believers’’ would comply with it. 16 per cent of the respondents were ambivalent, and the largest proportion, about 34 per cent of the examined persons, found the Church’s August initiative to be ineffective. Most of the latter thought this situation to result from the fact that ,, those who drink never go to church’’.                 As follows from the study, 10.5 per cent of adult Poles gave their active backing to the August appeal. This means that about 2.8 million of Poles abstained from alcohol in August 1986, thus expressing their solidarity with the Church appeal. Interesting are motives that actuated the decision to comply with the appeal for sobriety. Among them, the motives of a social nature prevail, with over two-thirds of the discussed group of respondents stating that they found the appeal to be just and useful and hence supported it, or that they wanted this way to contribute to the reduction of drinking and alcoholism in Poland, or believed alcohol to bring about much unhappiness and suffering. About 30 per cent of this group mentioned religious motives, including about 27 per cent who were actuated by general, and 3 per cent by personal religious reasons. Women’s response to the appeal was much more favourable than that of men: 12.7 per cent of adult Polish women complied with the appeal for sobriety, as compared with 8 per cent only of adult men. Persons aged over 60 gave the strongest backing to the appeal; also those in their forties and fifties were well-disposed to that initiative. It won but a weak support of the youth, and the least favourable were those aged 26-40. The higher educated circles were less willing to comply with the appeal than those with a lower level of education. The appeal proved most convincing for the population of medium-sized towns and communes; instead, the inhabitants of small towns and big cities were most reserved towards it. Among the professionally active, peasants and intellectuals were much better-disposed towards the bishops pastoral than entrepreneurs, workmen, and especially peasants who have extra jobs as workmen. Of those who are not employed pensioners and housewives were equally inclined to support the appeal, this tendency being weaker among students and schoolchildren. A strong correlation was found between the attitude towards the appeal and religious observance. The church-going persons were better-disposed towards the appeal than those who practice occasionally or not at all. A relation was also found between a Party or trade-union membership and the attitude towards the appeal. Members of the Polish United Workers Party were more critical towards it than persons with no party affiliation; a similar interdependence found also in the case of trade-unions membership.                As shown by statistical analysis, the following traits are most strongly correlated with the attitude towards the appeal: regularity of religious practices on holidays: sex; socio-professional group ; age; type  and size of locality; education; membership of the Polish United Worker’s Party and trade-unions.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1989, XVI; 101-139
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jubileusz 25-lecia działalności Koła PTZ w Bydgoszczy
Jubilejj 25-letnejj dejatel'nosti Pol'skogo obshhestva zootekhnikov, Otdelenija v Bydgoshhe
Twenty-fifth anniversary of activity of the Polish Society of Zootechnicians, Branch Division in Bydgoszcz
Autorzy:
Zaluska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/799411.pdf
Data publikacji:
1990
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
kolo PTZ Bydgoszcz
zootechnicy
jubileusz
Zaluska Krystyna
zatrudnienie
zebranie
dyskusje
doniesienia
Polish Zootechnical Society
animal rearing specialist
jubilee
employment
meeting
discussion
notification
Źródło:
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych; 1990, 384
0084-5477
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Percepcja dewiacji w społeczeństwie
Perception of Deviance in Society
Autorzy:
Siemaszko, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698504.pdf
Data publikacji:
1991
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
percepcja dewiacji
społeczeństwo
badania ankietowe
badania kryminologiczne
perception of deviance
society
surveys
criminological research
Opis:
The main object of the study was to define the attitude of Polish society to forty-six types of behaviour controversial from the moral point of view and/or prohibited by law. Another aim was to determine which of the socio-demographic variables examined influence the different opinions about those types of behaviour. Two pilot surveys preceded the study. They concerned two quota samples of 100 persons each and were aimed at finding out, among others, which of the alternative descriptions of the separate types of behaviour might constitute better indices. As a result, descriptions of several types of behaviour were rewritten, and some others formulated more intelligibly. The study proper was conducted in November 1987; a national random sample of 2000 persons was examined. The respondents could choose one of the following seven answers: I do not condemn at all; I do not condemn; I rather do not condemn; it is difficult to say; I rather condemn; I condemn; I condemn utterly. Questions concerning all of the 46 types of behaviour included in the study could be answered the above seven ways. The analysis was based on arithmetic means of answers which ranged from 1 to 7 in value. The following types of behaviour were the least condemned (the figures are arithmetic means; proportions of utter condemnations have been quoted in brackets): 1. becoming an unmarried mother – 2.65 (2.9 per cent); 2. leaving the country forever – 3.45 (5.7 per cent); 3. watching porno films – 3.76 (8.4 per cent); 4. living unwed – 3.87 (11.1 per cent); 5. unintentional homicide – 4.29 (12.7 per cent); 6. tourists’ petty trade abroad – 4.33 (11.8 per cent); 7. divorce – 4.42 (13.8 per cent); 8. criticising the political system in public – 4.46 (11.5 per cent); 9. addiction to tobacco – 4.48 (14.3 per cent); taking part in a strike – 4.55 (14.3 per cent). As shown by the results of the AID analysis, the best predictors of public opinion’s attitude to the above-mentioned ten types of behaviour are as follows: for becoming an unmarried mother – education; for emigration – age; for watching porno films – education; for fornication – religiousness; for unintentional homicide – the answers were not differentiated (homogeneity of opinions); for tourist’ petty trade – age; for divorce – religiousness; for criticising the system in public – education; for addiction to tobacco – age; for participation in strikes – education. Among the above ten types of behaviour that are least condemned, the most numerous group concerns the broadly interpreted sexual sphere which testifies to great transformations in sexual morals of Polish society. Also conspicuous is the presence of two types of behaviour from the sphere of politics among those least condemned. On the other hand, there are no criminal offences in this group. The following types of behaviour proved to be the most condemned (they are arranged according to the rising means; proportions of utter condemnations in brackets): 37. addiction to alcohol – 6.41 (56.7 per cent); 38. espionage – 6.48 (62.0 per cent); 39. kidnapping an airplane – 6.55 (66.1 per cent); 40. drug addiction – 6.57 (64.7 per cent); 41. failure to help a person in mortal danger – 6.60 (66.5 per cent); 42. robbery 6.65 (71.0 per cent); 43. rape – 6.67 (72.4 per cent); 44. hooligan battery – 6.73 (75.6 per cent); 45. murder – 6.78 (81.0 per cent); father-daughter incest – 6.81 (83.3 per cent). The best predictors of differentiation of opinions were as follows: for alcoholism – sex; for espionage – marital status (the unmarried, that is the younger, condemned espionage less strongly) for air-plane kidnapping – place of residence; for drug addiction – the answers were not differentiated (homogeneous opinions); for failure to help – the answers were not differentiated (homogenous opinions); for robbery – education (condemnation growing with the level of education); for rape – place of residence (the rural population condemning it less strongly); for hooligan battery – the answers were not differentiated (homogeneous opinions); for murder – place of residence (peasants and inhabitants of small towns condemning it less strongly); for incest – education (condemnation growing with the level of education). Of the above ten types of behaviour that were most condemned, eight are offences, including the most serious ones like rape, robbery and murder. The differences between the means of answers are much smaller here than in the case of the most tolerated types of behaviour. The opinions are also differentiated to a much smaller degree with respect to the independent variables examined. In three cases (drug addiction, hooligan battery and failure to help), the examined socio-demographic traits failed to differentiate opinions at all, which points to extremely unanimous condemnation of those acts. An analysis of the list of the most condemned types of behaviour leads to the following conclusions: 1. the more condemned a given act, the smaller the differentiation of opinions; 2. Polish society is particularly intolerant to aggressive behaviour: the list contains as many as five aggressive acts; 3. the most condemned types of behaviour do not include acts such as e.g. theft of private and public property (ranks 31 and 29 respectively); prostitution (rank 25); homosexualism (rank 32; bribery (rank 26); failure to pay maintenance (rank 34); social parasitism (rank 23); speculation (rank 27); also none of political acts were condemned as much; 4. eight of the ten most condemned types of behaviour are offences; addictions are condemned to a comparable extent; 5. the differences between the mean answers concerning the separate types of most condemned behaviour are slight (ranging from 6.41 for alcoholism to 6.8 for incest). Polish society is relatively tolerant to sexual behaviour. In the list of 46 examined types of behaviour arranged according to growing means of answers, becoming an unmarried mother ranks first, watching porno films – third, fornication – fourth, divorce – seventh, adultery – twenty-second, prostitution – twenly-fifth, and homosexualism – thirtysecond. In the case of the two latter types only, that is prostitution and homosexualism, the means of answers exceeded 6, while four of the seven types included in this group were among the most tolerated. The variable which has the greatest influence on the attitude to sexual behaviour is religiousness. The attitude to religious practices was the best predictor of differentiation of opinions in the case of fornication, adultery, and divorce, and appeared as a differentiating variable of a secondary importance in the case of watching porno films and prostitution: Education significantly modified the attitude to homosexualism, watching porno films, and becoming an unmarried mother. Sex, instead, most strongly differentiated the attitudes to prostitution, women condemning this type of behaviour more strongly than men. Against expectations, age was never the best predictor in relation to sexual behaviour. Nor could the typothesis be confirmed that the rural population condemns behaviour of that sphere more strongly than the urban one. Quite the contrary, the two groups appeared not to differ from each other in their opinions about sexual behaviour. Also political acts are greatly tolerated by Polish society. Two of them can be found among the ten least condemned: criticising the system in public (rank 8), and participation in a strike (rank 10). Further, “underground” political activity ranked eleventh, participation in a street demonstration – fifteenth, and refusal to enter military service (which in Poland has a political context as a rule) – eighteenth. The attitude to political acts, however, is particularly differentiated according to the separate socio-demographic traits. Here, the best predictor is education: the higher its level, the greatest the tolerance. Education best differentiated the attitude to criticising the system in public, participation in a strike, and participation in a demonstration. The attitude to political opposition, instead, was best explained by material situation (tolerance increasing with the worsening of that situation). On the other hand, the opinion about refusal to enter military service depended mostly on marital status, single (that is, younger) respondents being considerably more tolerant in this respect. The following conclusions can be drawn from an analysis of the Polish public opinion’s attitude to political acts: 1. there was in this group the greatest dispersion of answers according to the separate socio-demographic traits; 2. the attitude to political acts is entirely independent of the level of religiousness; 3. the influence of Party membership on the differentiation of opinions proved much smaller than expected. Polish society shows a low tolerance to behaviour related to alcohol: illicit distillation of liquor ranked twentieth, unlicensed sale of alcohol thirtieth, and alcoholism – thirty-seventh (that is, among the most strongly condemned types of behaviour). Sex is the variable which has the greatest influence on the attitude to behaviour related to alcohol. In all of the above three cases, women condemned behaviour related to alcohol much more strongly than men. The following conclusions can be drawn from the AID, analysis: 1. despite the generally low permissiveness of behaviour related to alcohol, the opinions of the separate subgroups of respondents are highly differentiated and range from very stnong condemnation to considerable tolerance; 2. the above very high differentiation of opinions testifies to behaviour related to alcohol being an important and controversial problem; 3. the influence of the place of residence on the attitude to this group of acts was smaller than expected (particularly astonishing is a lack of a greater tolerance of illicit distilling of liquor among the rural population). Of the three addictions taken into account in the study, the least condemned one is smoking (rank 9; the best predictor: age). Alcoholism ranked thirty-seventh (the best predictor: sex), and drug addiction – fortieth (homogeneous opinions, no differentiation of answers). Despite the comparability of the examined addictions, the attitude to smoking is by far more tolerant which indicates that the respondents treated nicotine addiction differently than alcoholism and drug addiction. The morally controversial types of behaviour included euthanasia (rank 13, the best predictor: religiousness); free riding (rank 17, the best predictor: age); suicide (rank 24, predictor: religiousness); social parasitism (rank 23, predictor: age); and denouncing others to authorities (rank 21, predictor: place of residence). Conclusions from the AID analysis are as follows: 1. religiousness most strongly influences the perception of euthanasia and suicide: e.g. in the latter case, a different scale of opinions corresponds with each of the separated levels of religiousness; 2. euthanasia meets with an astonishingly small condemnation (the term defined as “causing the death of an incurably ill person at his request”); 3. the respondents were unexpectedly unanimous in their very strong condemnation of denouncing, with a somewhat greater tolerance shown by the rural population only. Corrupt practices included: using connections to settle a business (rank 12, the best predictor: age); accepting bribes (rank 26, predictor: age); deriving personal profit from one’s job (rank 28, predictor: age); membership of a coterie (rank 36, predictor: education). As follows from the AID, analysis, 1. the attitude to corrupt practices depends most strongly on age: younger respondents aged under 35 (that is, those brought up under the present rule) are much more tolerant to the above forms of corruption; 2. a higher level of education increases the tolerance to corrupt practices; Polish society’s opinions about corruption are relatively poorly differentiated. Of criminal acts, eight were included in the group of the most condemned ones discussed above. Of the remaining offences, theft of private property ranked 31 (the best predictor: place of residence, condemnation is less strong among the rural population); theft of public property ranked 29 (predictor: place of residence, also in this case, condemnation is less strong among peasants); vandalism ranked 35 (predictor: place of residence, peasants and inhabitants of small towns condemned it less strongly); helping a person wanted by the police ranked 19 (homogeneous opinions); speculation ranked 27 (predictor: are, respondents under 19 were more tolerant). The findings lead to the following conclusions. Firstly, Polish society is astonishingly unanimous in its opinions about the types of behaviour included in the study. In several cases, uniformity of opinions was so high as to make any divisions in respect of the force of condemnation impossible. Thus a high axiological homogeneity of Polish society has been found. Secondly, the independent variables examined explained but a very small part of variances. Therefore, socio-demographic traits have a low predictive value as regards the differentiation of opinions about deviant behaviour. Consequently, an inclination to condemn the examined types of behaviour results not from the basic individual characteristics (such as sex, age, education) but from some other factors. Thirdly, the best predictor of differentiation of opinions was education (in 10 cases), followed by age and place of residence (in 9 cases each). The influence of religiousness on differentiation of opinions was smaller than expected (5 cases), and the relationship between sex and the opinions about the examined types of behaviour proved astonishingly distant (4 cases). The remaining independent variables (i.e. background, Party membership, material situation, activities in social organizations) failed to influence significantly the differentiation of opinions. Fourthly, Polish society is highly rigoristic. As many as 29 of the 46 types of behaviour examined were condemned most strongly by at least 25 per cent of respondents. Thus the Poles have an exceptionally low global degree of tolerance to controversial or negative phenomena and types of behaviour.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1991, XVII; 117-197
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nauczanie w Polsce średniowiecznej i wczesnonowożytnej
Autorzy:
Skrzyniarz, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1042073.pdf
Data publikacji:
1995
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
sympozjum
szkolnictwo
społeczeństwo
sprawozdanie
symposium
education
society
report
Źródło:
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne; 1995, 64; 641-642
0518-3766
2545-3491
Pojawia się w:
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Japońska demokracja - tatemae czy honne?
Japanese democracy – tatemae or honne?
Autorzy:
Karolczak, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2035508.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Spoleczeństwo japońskie
demokracja w Japonii
Japanese society
democracy in Japan
Opis:
Some elements of the political system of the country are analysed as a contradiction between an official appearance and social reality. Assuming that the democratic system works as a political facade the author puts it on the side of the appearance i.e. tatemae. That contradiction results from different cultural patterns between the East and West, while political democracy standard belongs to the latter. It was introduced in a non-democratic way and is so implemented to a certain extent due to the domination of a vertical system of social dependencies, existing in all aspects of life. It is threated not as a direction how to run and organize their society, but rather as an instrument for settlement of disputes which, by the very nature of the Japanese society, should not exist. The results from the network of group interdependencies, based on the clientelism and from the network “an iron triangle” emerges: the ruling party, bureaucracy and financial elites. The lack of full democracy is also demonstrated by the existence of big discriminated groups of population as burakumins, Koreans and women. The inequality hurts also the others, though it does not result from imperfect law but rather from social practice determined by the cultural values.
Źródło:
Azja-Pacyfik; 1998, I; 67-76
1643-692X
Pojawia się w:
Azja-Pacyfik
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hierarchiczny charakter dobra wspólnego w ujęciu przedstawicieli szkoły lubelskiej
A Hierarchical Character of Common Good as Seen by Representatives of the Lublin School
Autorzy:
Szymczyk, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1858029.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
cel państwa
hierarchia społeczności
hierarchiczny charakter dobra wspólnego
pluralizm dobra wspólnego
pluralizm społeczności
porządek społeczny
samorządy
aim of State
hierarchy of societies
hierarchical character of common good
pluralism of common good
pluralism of society
social order
self-governments
Opis:
A human person, that is by its nature a social entity, calls into being various types of communities, societies, which become a new reality as subjects of actions. A person, by the fact that it is part of a whole does not lose his existential sovereignty. He still remains a person and joins the process of realising goods that are necessary for perfecting himself. However, when a given society proves to be unable to realise a defined category of goods that are necessary for a man and for this little society so that they can develop, other ones are called into being, higher and bigger, able to perform the task. They are a whole in which societies of a lower rank function as its parts. Smaller and lower societies, however, do not lose their autonomy within the range of the functions they fulfil and the aims they achieve. This process is closed when such a society appears that unites functionally differentiated societies of lower ranks. An example may be here the state society and, in a further perspective, the universal society. Hierarchy that exists in social life is expressed in the multitude and multistage character of human societies. The hierarchical character of common good in turn implies pluralism of common good.
Źródło:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 1999, 27, 1; 33-49
0137-4176
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of soil texture classification according to the new Polish Standard, PTG and international classifications [FAO and USDA]
Autorzy:
Drzymala, S
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1401861.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
Polish Soil Science Society
classification
Polish Normalization Committee
soil fraction
international classification
Polish standard PN-R-04033
soil texture
textural group
Opis:
The classification into soil fractions found in the new Polish Standard PN-R-04033 is fully comparable- with the international classifications (FAO/USDA) in question. The following diameters were adopted as the main groups of soil fractions: stones >75 mm, gravel 75-2 mm, sand 2.0-0.05 mm, silt 0.05-0.002 mm and clay <0.002 mm. On the other hand, soil fractions classification according to the Polish Soil Science Society (PTG), including so-called fine particles (<0.02 mm), is not compatible with both the new Polish Standard and the discussed international classifications. This also refers lo the classification into textural groups according to PTG. However, the classification into textural groups according lo Polish Standard is quite similar to international classifications.
Źródło:
Acta Agrophysica; 2000, 35; 49-53
1234-4125
Pojawia się w:
Acta Agrophysica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cooperation between the Polish and the Austrian Society of Photogrammetry and the mission of CIPA
Współpraca pomiędzy polskim i austriackim Towarzystwem Fotogrametrycznym oraz w działaniach Międzynarodowego Komitetu Fotogrametrii Architektonicznej CIPA
Autorzy:
Waldhaeusl, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/130466.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Geodetów Polskich
Tematy:
Austriackie Towarzystwo Fotogrametryczne
Polskie Towarzystwo Fotogrametryczne
współpraca
CIPA
Austrian Society of Photogrammetry
Polish Society of Photogrammetry
cooperation
Opis:
The very first Old-Austrian paper on photogrammetry was written by Lucian Mickiewicz in 1876, and it was this paper which started the big interest of the Austrian Army into photogrammetry in Austria. Mickiewicz was a Polish-Austrian Officer in Krakow'! The foundation of the Austrian Society and of the International Society of Photogrammetry (ISP) goes back to Professor Eduard Dolezal of the now University of Technology Vienna in 1910/1913. These are the historical roots also of the Polish Society of Photo-grammetry which was founded in 1930, the year of the third International Congress of the ISP in Zurich, Switzerland. From these beginnings till today much has happened, two world wars too much. There were times of big gaps between the two countries, but many big and rigid cultural bridges have been preserved or rebuilt, which are uniting them.Since the 1970th exist continuous common photogrammetric activities. Just to mention some of them: 1991 to 1996 Poland and Austria had a common development program “Engineering Photogrammetry” in the framework of the Pentagonale, now called Central European Initiative; since 1968 Poland and Austria co-operate strongly in CIPA, the ICOMOS & ISPRS Committee on Documentation of Cultural Heritage, formerly known as the International Committee of Architectural Photogrammetry; and since 1990 there is a close consultative co-operation concerning cadastral survey and land administration. Plans and programmes have been developed based on common Central European culture. Poland and Austria see forward to a common future in a common Europe with close links in research and economy, specially also in Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Geoinformation.
Źródło:
Archiwum Fotogrametrii, Kartografii i Teledetekcji; 2000, 10; 12-1-12-8
2083-2214
2391-9477
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Fotogrametrii, Kartografii i Teledetekcji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dematerializacja produkcji i rola państwa w rozwoju współczesnego przemysłu
Dematerialization of production and the role of governments in the development of contemporary industry
Autorzy:
Wierzbołowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/317586.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
społeczeństwo informacyjne
gospodarka oparta na wiedzy
dematerializacja produkcji
industrializacja
technologie informacyjne
korzyści komparatywne
interwencjonizm państwowy
information society
knowledge-based economy
dematerialization of production
industrialization
information technologies
comparative advantages
state intervention
Opis:
Dematerializacja produkcji jest rozpatrywana w niniejszym artykule jako jeden z krytycznych aspektów nadchodzącej cywilizacji informacyjnej. Odpowiednio do tego, po ogólnej charakterystyce tej cywilizacji, omówiono cechy dematerializacji produkcji jako zjawiska społeczno-gospodarczego, wiążąc to zjawisko z procesem przechodzenia bogatej części świata (subsystemu dominacji światowej) do gospodarki opartej na wiedzy. Zwrócono przy tym uwagę, że gospodarka ta wiąże się z nową interpretacją pojęcia przemysłu oraz że stawia ona przed ludzkością wyraźne wyzwanie w postaci nowej industrializacji, uwzględniającej zasoby informacji i wiedzę jako czynniki produkcji, od których zależą korzyści komparatywne w pierwszych dekadach XXI wieku. Skala tego wyzwania pociąga konieczność odwołania się do państwa, jako aktywnego uczestnika życia społecznego i gospodarczego, wspierającego, przynajmniej w pierwszym okresie nowej industrializacji, działanie mechanizmów rynkowych.
Dematerialization of production is considered as one of the critical aspects of coming information civilization. Accordingly, after general characteristic of this civilization, author presents the features of dematerialization of production as socio-economic phenomenon, connecting this phenomenon with the process of trespassing by the rich part of mankind to knowledge-based economy. It is connected with new meaning of industry and at the same time it creates clear challenge such as new industrialization (this industrialization should take into account the resources of information and knowledge in their role of the production and comparative adventages factors). The scale of this challenge is understressing the role of governments as active participant in social and economic life supporting market mechanism at least in the beginning of the new industrialization.
Źródło:
Telekomunikacja i Techniki Informacyjne; 2000, 1-2; 18-27
1640-1549
1899-8933
Pojawia się w:
Telekomunikacja i Techniki Informacyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 2761

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