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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    Wybrane aspekty oceny odporności ogniowej przeszklonych elementów oddzielenia przeciwpożarowego
    Selected aspects of fire resistance evaluation of glazed fire protection elements
    Autorzy:
    Sulik, P.
    Sędłak, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/104670.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Rzeszowska im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza. Oficyna Wydawnicza
    Tematy:
    przegroda przeszklona
    przegroda ogniochronna
    ściana osłonowa
    drzwi przeciwpożarowe
    drzwi dymoszczelne
    przeszklona ściana działowa
    świetlik
    odporność ogniowa
    dymoszczelność
    fire resistant wall
    partition wall
    curtain wall
    fireproof doors
    smoke control doors
    glazed partition wall
    glazed roof
    fire resistance
    smoke control
    Opis:
    Coraz większe wykorzystanie szkła we współczesnym budownictwie ma swoje uzasadnienie. Jest to materiał pozwalający na kształtowanie powierzchni użytkowych z maksymalnym wykorzystaniem światła dziennego, a współczesne technologie umożliwiają eliminację niekorzystnych wpływów atmosferycznych, zapewniając jednocześnie niezbędny komfort i intymność. Ponadto, nowoczesne elewacje wykorzystujące szkło, pozwalają również na efektywne energetycznie rozwiązania, łącznie z pozyskiwaniem energii z promieniowania słonecznego. Budynki, w tym elementy przeszklone oprócz normalnych warunków użytkowania, w określonym zakresie muszą również spełniać wymagania ogniowe. O ile w przypadku wielu rozwiązań np. murowych wymagania konstrukcyjne, osłonowe i pożarowe są spełnione niejako równolegle, to w przypadku elementów przeszklonych należy stosować specjalne rozwiązania, które umożliwiają uzyskanie odpowiedniej klasy odporności ogniowej, reakcji na ogień, klasy dymoszczelności, czy też spełnienie wymagań związanych z rozprzestrzenianiem ognia przez elementy.
    The increasing use of glass in modern construction has its justification. It is a material that allows usable surfaces to maximize the use of daylight, and modern technologies allow for the elimination of adverse atmospheric influences while providing the necessary comfort and intimacy. In addition, modern glass facades also allow for energy-efficient solutions, including the recovery of solar energy. Buildings, including glazed elements in addition to normal conditions of use, must also meet fire requirements within the specified range. While many solutions, such as masonry, construction, fire and fire protection requirements are fulfilled in parallel, special solutions should be used for glazed elements to achieve appropriate fire resistance class, reaction to fire class, smoke control class, or fulfill the requirements for the spread of fire by elements.
    Źródło:
    Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury; 2017, 64, 3/I; 17-29
    2300-5130
    2300-8903
    Pojawia się w:
    Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wentylacja pożarowa tuneli drogowych
    Smoke control in road tunnels
    Autorzy:
    Węgrzyński, Wojciech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24024800.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Komunikacji Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej
    Tematy:
    pożar
    dym
    tunel
    wentylacja pożarowa
    wentylacja wzdłużna
    fire
    smoke
    tunnel
    smoke control
    longitudinal ventilation
    Opis:
    W artykule omówiono stan prawny oraz przyjęte praktyki inżynierskie w zakresie projektowania systemów wentylacji pożarowej tuneli drogowych. Omówiono różnice w działaniu systemów wzdłużnych, półpoprzecznych oraz poprzecznych, jak również przybliżono cechy naturalnej wentylacji tuneli. W odniesieniu do oceny skuteczności działania systemów przedstawiono metodę obliczeniowej mechaniki płynów CFD, a w odniesieniu do czynności odbiorowych przedstawiono metodę praktycznego sprawdzenia skuteczności wentylacji w próbach z gorącym dymem.
    The paper covers the legal basis and the current engineering practice in the design of smoke control system of road tunnels. The paper highlights the differences in performance of longitudinal, semi-transversal and transversal systems, as well as main aspects of operation of the natural ventilation. In relation to the design stage, Computational Fluid Modelling is presented as the tool of choice for system performance verification. Hot smoke tests are introduced as a method for practical verification of the system during the commissioning stage.
    Źródło:
    Drogownictwo; 2022, 7-8; 271--276
    0012-6357
    Pojawia się w:
    Drogownictwo
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Solving the problem of smoking in the Polish enterprises during 2003–2015
    Autorzy:
    Korzeniowska, Elżbieta
    Puchalski, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159903.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-12-21
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    workplace health promotion
    smoke-free workplace
    smoking cessation in the workplace
    workplace tobacco control
    workplace tobacco control policy
    quality of workplace tobacco programs
    Opis:
    Objectives Tobacco smoking is a major organizational, economical, and public relations-related (PR-related) problem for the company. Moreover, it is an important health determinant of the working population. The paper reports the results of the research which analyzed the current state and the tobacco control activities’ transformations undertaken by Polish employers between 2003 and 2015. Material and Methods Data comes from the research performed in 2006, 2010 and 2015, involving random- selected representative samples of Polish enterprises, employing no fewer than 50 employees. The sampling pattern covered location and classification of activities (excluding public administration, national defense, social security, education, health care and social assistance sectors). Consecutive interviews were conducted with representatives of 611, 1002 and 1000 companies, respectively. Results The companies improved their compliance with the national regulations on smoking in the workplace. The strategy for limiting smoking in public places resulted in a steady increase in the number of companies (11%, 23%, 38%, respectively) that introduced smoking ban. Approximately in every second company, smoking was allowed only in the smoking room or outdoors. Voluntary activities (e.g., education and support for employees wishing to cease smoking) were very rarely undertaken by medium and large companies (several percent) and since 2010, when the law had become more restrictive, such tendency reinforced. Employers also were seldom interested in the prevalence of tobacco smoking among their personnel, its consequences for the company’s functioning and the effectiveness of the implemented tobacco control measures. Conclusions National anti-smoking policy caused that companies were more focused on smoking-bans at the expense of education and support for those who wanted to cease smoking. Although this contributes to reducing secondary smoking in the workplace, the companies’ potential to become a major agent for tobacco control policies is neglected while the downward trend of smoking in the Polish society has slowed down. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(3):261–280
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2018, 31, 3; 261-280
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Smoke-free homes in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic – a nationwide cross-sectional survey
    Autorzy:
    Ostrowska, Aurelia
    Pinkas, Jarosław
    Giermaziak, Wojciech
    Wierzba, Waldemar
    Gujski, Mariusz
    Jankowski, Mateusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197836.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-03-02
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    Polska
    secondhand smoke
    smoking ban
    passive smoking
    tobacco control
    smoke-free policy
    Opis:
    Objectives Secondhand smoke exposure causes serious health problems. Banning smoking in public venues decreases exposure to secondhand smoke. However, the implementation of smoke-free rules in a private setting (including homes) is largely voluntary. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of voluntary smoke-free home rules in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as to identify factors associated with the voluntary implementation of smoking bans at home. Material and Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted in March 2022 with a nationally representative sample of 1090 individuals aged ≥18 years in Poland. Data were collected using a computerassisted web interviewing (CAWI) technique. The research tool was an original questionnaire developed for the purpose of this study. Results Nationally, 60.6% of individuals had total ban on smoking in home (100% smoke-free home rules), 34.0% had implemented a partial smokefree home rule and 5.4% had not implemented any smoke-free home rules. Over three-quarters of non-smokers (76.8%) and only one-fifth of smokers (20.7%) had adopted a full smoke-free home rule. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, males (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.22–2.22, p < 0.01), non-smokers (OR = 13.78, 95% CI: 9.80–19.38, p < 0.001), respondents who had higher education (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.15–2.14, p < 0.01) as well as those who lived alone (OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.52–3.90, p < 0.001) had higher odds of having a 100% smoke-free home rule. Conclusions This study demonstrated the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of smoke-free home rules in Poland. Less than two-thirds of the Polish population has adopted a total smoke-free home rule, with significant gaps between smokers and nonsmokers. Information on current voluntary smoke-free rules will be useful for further implementation of the smoke-free law in Poland. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(1):84–95
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2023, 36, 1; 84-95
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Results of Jet Fan Tests Using Experimental and Numerical Techniques
    Wyniki badań wentylatorów strumieniowych z wykorzystaniem technik eksperymentalnych i numerycznych
    Autorzy:
    Kubicki, Grzegorz
    Tekielak-Skałka, Izabela
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2060795.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Centrum Naukowo-Badawcze Ochrony Przeciwpożarowej im. Józefa Tuliszkowskiego
    Tematy:
    numerical simulations
    velocity profile
    jet fans
    physical research
    smoke
    control
    heat
    symulacje CFD
    wentylacja strumieniowa
    profil prędkości
    kontrola dymu i ciepła
    badania obiektowe
    Opis:
    Aim: The aim of the experiments was to check if different jet fans with similar parameters had a similar air flow profile. The study was also aimed at testing whether normal and reverse flow direction have the same profile. Next, the obtained results of velocity distribution along the airflow axis were compared with the results of numerical analysis carried out using tools commonly applied in Poland. Project and methods: The study involved three jet fans (W1 and W3 were manufactured as reversible units, W2 was a unidirectional device). The tests were conducted in two empty warehouses to investigate airflow velocity. The measurements were performed along the axis of the fans and at additional specific points. The first measurement point was located at the fan inlet plane. The following measurements were conducted at 0.6-meter intervals at a distance of 3.6 m from the fans and at 1.2-meter intervals at a distance from 3.6 m to 24.0 m from the fan. The velocity at each measurement point was determined as the average of a 10-second measurement. The velocity measurements were conducted using an ultrasonic anemometer – Windmaster Pro. At the second stage of the study, CFD analysis was performed. Two models were devised in both Ansys Fluent and FDS. Each CFD model presented a single fan in warehouses. Models included the actual position of the fan, doors, columns and joists. Different settings and different sizes of the computational mesh were used in CFD simulation. Results: The study resulted in an air profile along three different jet fans. Velocity profiles in normal and reverse directions were compared. Significant differences were found between airflows for normal and reverse directions. Additionally, it was possible to compare the obtained results in real scale and a CFD simulation performed in the ANSYS FLUENT 13, FDS 5.5.3 and FDS 6. Some of the CFD simulations provided a good similarity of airflow profiles in CFD and real tests, while others did not. Thus, the study showed which settings provided the best results. Conclusions: Each of the tested fans is characterised by a different airflow distribution. The velocity distribution profile is different for the normal and reverse direction in the studied reversible fans despite the same air stream blown in both directions. The performed analyses show that CFD programs can solve velocity correctly, but this requires good settings.
    Cel: Celem badań było sprawdzenie, czy różne wentylatory strumieniowe o różnej konstrukcji, ale zbliżonych parametrach pracy, generowały podobny profil przepływu powietrza. Badania prowadzone były w warunkach pracy normalnej i rewersyjnej. Uzyskane rezultaty pomiarów rozkładu prędkości wzdłuż osi przepływu powietrza zostały wykorzystane do porównania wyników analiz numerycznych wykonywanych przy użyciu powszechnie stosowanych w Polsce narzędzi. Projekt i metody: Przedmiotem badań były trzy wentylatory strumieniowe różnych producentów. Dwa z nich (W1 i W3) posiadały zdolność do pracy w kierunku normalnym i rewersyjnym, W2 był urządzeniem jednokierunkowym. Testy zostały przeprowadzone w pustej przestrzeni hali magazynowej. Pomiary prędkości przepływu powietrza, wykonane za pomocą anemometru ultradźwiękowego (WindmasterPro), realizowane były w osi wentylatorów, a pomiary wykonywane były co 0,6 m w odległości do 3,6 m od wylotu wentylatora i co 1,2 m w odległości od 3,6 do 24,0 m. Prędkość w każdym punkcie określano jako średnią z 10 s pomiaru. Badania numeryczne dla każdego z wentylatorów zostały wykonane na dwóch modelach stworzonych w Ansysy Fluent i FDS. Modele zawierały pełne odwzorowanie położenia wentylatorów oraz elementów konstrukcyjnych hali. W symulacjach zastosowano różne ustawienia i rozmiary siatki obliczeniowej. Wyniki: Rezultatem badań było określenie i porównanie charakterystyki przepływu powietrza dla trzech różnych wentylatorów strumieniowych. Pomimo podobnej wielkości jednostek wyniki badania wykazały znaczącą różnicę między poszczególnymi charakterystykami przy przepływie normalnym i pomiędzy przepływem powietrza w kierunku normalnym i odwrotnym. Wyniki rzeczywiste zostały porównane do wyników symulacji CFD przeprowadzonych w ANSYS FLUENT 13, FDS 5.5.3 i FDS 6. Niektóre symulacje CFD pozwoliły na uzyskanie dobrego podobieństwa profilu przepływu powietrza w CFD i rzeczywistych testach, a niektóre nie. Pozwala to na określenie ustawień, przy których uzyskane wyniki najlepiej odwzorowują stan rzeczywisty. Wnioski: Każdy z badanych wentylatorów charakteryzuje się innym rozkładem przepływu powietrza przy pracy normalnej. Znaczną różnicę widać również przy pracy badanych wentylatorów w kierunku normalnym i rewersyjnym, pomimo takiej samej wielkości strumienia powietrza wdmuchiwanego w obu kierunkach. Przeprowadzone analizy pokazują, że programy CFD potrafią poprawnie rozwiązać prędkość, ale potrzebują dobrych ustawień.
    Źródło:
    Safety and Fire Technology; 2020, 55, 1; 6--14
    2657-8808
    2658-0810
    Pojawia się w:
    Safety and Fire Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Residential exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, and its associates: Findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Kaleta, Dorota
    Wojtysiak, Piotr
    Usidame, Bukola
    Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elżbieta
    Fronczak, Adam
    Makowiec-Dąbrowska, Teresa
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2177373.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-05-20
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    environmental tobacco smoke pollution
    involuntary smoking
    smoking
    tobacco control
    adults
    Polska
    Opis:
    Objectives Expanding the information on exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at home and its associates is of great public health importance. The aim of the current analysis was to evaluate associates of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke among economically active male and female adults in Poland in their place of residence. Material and Methods Data on the representative sample of 7840 adults from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) carried out in Poland in the years 2009 and 2010 were applied. The Global Adult Tobacco Survey is a nationally representative household study. The logistic regression model was used for relevant calculations. Results The exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the place of living affected 59% of studied subjects. Out of non-smokers 42% of males and 46% females were exposed to the ETS in the at home. Increased risk of residential ETS exposure was associated with low education attainment, lack of awareness on adverse health consequences of second hand smoke (SHS), low level of support for tobacco control policies, living with a smoker. One of the factors associated with the ETS exposure was also the approval for smoking at home of both genders. The residential ETS exposure risk was the highest among males (odds ratio (OR) = 7.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.1–13.8, p < 0.001) and females (OR = 8.1, 95% CI 6.5–11.8, p < 0.001) who declared that smoking was allowed in their place of residence compared to respondents who implemented smoking bans at their place of residence. Conclusions Campaigns to decrease social acceptance of smoking and encourage adopting voluntary smoke-free rules at home might decrease the ETS exposure and reduce related risks to the health of the Polish population. Educational interventions to warn about adverse health effects of the ETS should be broadly implemented particularly in high risk subpopulations.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2015, 28, 3; 557-570
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Implementation of smoke-free homes in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Kaleta, Dorota
    Fronczak, Adam
    Usidame, Bukola
    Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elżbieta
    Makowiec-Dąbrowska, Teresa
    Wojtysiak, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2177084.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-09-18
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    environmental tobacco smoke pollution
    environmental tobacco smoke
    smoke-free home
    tobacco control
    adults
    Polska
    Opis:
    Objectives Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) constitutes a threat to the health of many people. In order to diminish ETS exposure, countries (including Poland) implemented legal restrictions of smoking in public places and worksites. Currently more attention is also paid to reduce overall and residential ETS exposure by voluntary smoke-free home policy adoption. The aim of current analysis was to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of implementing smoking bans at place of residence among economically active males and females in Poland. Material and Methods Data from cross-sectional, household study – Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS 2009–2010) were analyzed. The logistic regression model was applied for appropriate calculations. Results Out of 3696 studied subjects only 37.1% adopted total smoking ban within the home. Decreased likelihood of adopting total smoking bans was associated with current smoker status, low education attainment, lack of awareness on adverse health consequences of ETS, low level of support for tobacco control policies, and cohabitation with a smoker in both genders. Having smoke-free homes was also linked with age in women, place of residence and work smoking policy in indoor areas in men. Conclusions Targeted activities to encourage adopting voluntary smoke-free rules among groups least likely to implement 100% smoking bans in the home and activities to decrease social acceptance of smoking in the presence of nonsmokers, children, pregnant woman are urgently needed.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2016, 29, 1; 137-148
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Does the implementation of smoke-free laws and smoking culture affect exposure to tobacco smoking? Results from 3 hospitality settings in South Korea
    Autorzy:
    Park, Myung-Bae
    Lee, Tae Sic
    Oh, Jee Eun
    Lee, Do Hoon
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086123.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-01-07
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    secondhand smoke
    smoking ban
    smoke-free
    workplace
    tobacco-specific nitrosamines
    tobacco control
    Opis:
    ObjectivesIt is especially difficult for hospitality workers to avoid secondhand smoke (SHS), meaning that they are likely particularly vulnerable to the effects of SHS. The authors aimed to determine the degree to which smoke-free laws protect hospitality workers from SHS exposure, by examining biochemical markers of such exposure.Material and MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study examining SHS exposure in non-smoking employees working in hospitality settings where smoking is prohibited or permitted. The following biomarkers were selected: cotinine and tobaccospecific nitrosamines, which are known to measure SHS exposure, and 2 representative carcinogens: 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). The authors compared these biomarkers between 3 hospitality settings. A descriptive analysis was performed. In addition, they conducted 1-way and 2-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to compare the biochemical markers.ResultsSmoking substances were identified by smoking ban levels. In the case of hair nicotine and urine cotinine, their concentrations were lower in areas with a complete smoking ban than in both areas with a separate smoking room and no smoking ban; however, there was no statistically significant difference between these. In the case of dust NNK, its level was the lowest in areas with a complete smoking ban. To confirm the smoking ban effect by hospitality settings, the authors checked the results of the 2-way ANCOVA. In karaoke and billiard halls, the dust NNK concentrations were significantly higher in areas with no smoking ban than in areas with a separate smoking room.ConclusionsExposure to SHS is more prevalent in places that are more lenient when it comes to smoking (e.g., Internet cafés) than in places that are not (e.g., restaurants and cafés), even when smoking is similarly prohibited in both types of places.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2021, 34, 1; 53-67
    1232-1087
    1896-494X
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Can smoke control become smart?
    Autorzy:
    Węgrzyński, Wojciech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/231504.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    dymoszczelność
    system kontroli dymu
    system inteligentny
    czujnik dymu
    bezpieczeństwo pożarowe
    smoke control
    smoke control system
    smart system
    smoke sensor
    fire safety
    Opis:
    Smoke control solutions are used to maintain tenable conditions in buildings, enabling evacuation process, rescue operations and reducing the thermal stress on the building structure. For last 50-years the design process of such solutions did not significantly change – a required volumetric capacity is calculated with theoretical and empirical models, and further, mechanical design is prepared to deliver this capacity. In this paper, a new approach – “smart smoke control” is introduced, as a system that adapts the performance parameters based on the momentary measurements of temperature in the building. The system follows the growth and decay of fire in the building, which allows optimization of its mechanical parameters, and provides substantial increase in the performance. This paper provides a discussion on traditional and new concepts in smoke control, and defines areas, in which a paradigm shift must occur, to enable widespread adoption new and more efficient solutions. The paper does also refer to previous proof of concept studies, presenting the preliminary assessment of the performance of a smart smoke control system.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Civil Engineering; 2018, 64, 3; 201-208
    1230-2945
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Civil Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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