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    Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10
    Tytuł:
    Fine and ultrafine TiO2 particles in aerosol in Kraków (Poland)
    Autorzy:
    Wilczyńska-Michalik, Wanda
    Rzeźnikiewicz, Kamil
    Pietras, Barłomiej
    Michalik, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/127601.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Mineralogiczne
    Tematy:
    TiO2 particles
    single particle analysis
    aerosol
    Kraków
    Opis:
    During single particle analysis of aerosol in Kraków (Poland) we noticed a new component, that is, aggregates of TiO2 particles. These aggregates are from 0.5 to 4 μm and are composed of individual particles whose size typically varies from between 100 and 350 nm. Smaller particles (below 100 nm) also occur. TiO2 particles are relatively abundant in the summer. The size distribution of the particles corresponds to “pigmentary” TiO2, which indicates that they could be derived from paints and building materials. TiO2 particles were not previously identified in aerosol samples in Kraków, and therefore this phenomenon is likely to be related to the common usage of new building materials and paints. A review of the literature suggests that TiO2 particles, especially within the nanosize range, could result in health and environmental impacts; however, evaluation of the actual threat is difficult.
    Źródło:
    Mineralogia; 2014, 45, 3/4; 65-77
    1899-8291
    1899-8526
    Pojawia się w:
    Mineralogia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Słabe łamanie ergodyczności vs. determinizm
    Weak ergodicity breaking vs. determinism of physical processes
    Autorzy:
    Fuliński, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690792.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Copernicus Center Press
    Tematy:
    Boltzmann hypothesis
    ergodic theory
    deterministic chaos
    Brownian motion
    anomalous diffusion
    single-particle trajectory
    Opis:
    All physical processes are deterministic de iure. Physicists speak about different types of determinism of physical processes, depending on the degree with which their course can be anticipated. Usually, the course of ergodic processes can be predicted with less certainty than the non-ergodic ones, the latter being integrable. Recent measurements of motions of single particles in composite systems, especially in living biological cells, show that such motions are, in most cases, breaking the Boltzmann’s ergodic hypothesis. On the other hand, their trajectories are random, i.e., one cannot know a priori where the particle will be even in near future. This leads to conclusion that many existing in nature processes are nonergodic but not integrable, therefore predictable only in the mean, representing still other type of determinism.
    Źródło:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2015, 59; 83-100
    0867-8286
    2451-0602
    Pojawia się w:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Personal remarks on the future of protein crystallography and structural biology
    Autorzy:
    Jaskolski, Mariusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1040362.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
    Tematy:
    high-throughput crystallography
    single-particle imaging
    synchrotron radiation
    X-ray free-electron laser
    structural genomics
    Opis:
    Protein crystallography, the main experimental method of structural biology, has undergone in the recent past three revolutionary changes leading to its unexpected renaissance. They were connected with (i) the introduction of synchrotron radiation sources for X-ray diffraction experiments, (ii) implementation of Se-Met multiwavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) for phasing, and (iii) initiation of structural genomics (SG) programs. It can be foreseen that in the next 10-15 years protein crystallography will continue to be in this revolutionary phase. We can expect not only an avalanche of protein crystal structures from SG centers, but also attacking of more demanding projects, such as the structure of membrane proteins and of very large macromolecular complexes. On the technological front, the introduction of X-ray radiation from free-electron lasers will revolutionize the experimental possibilities, making feasible even the imaging of single molecules and of intact biological cells.
    Źródło:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2010, 57, 3; 261-264
    0001-527X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Case studies investigating single coal particle ignition and combustion
    Autorzy:
    Marek, E.
    Stańczyk, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/92033.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Główny Instytut Górnictwa
    Tematy:
    single particle
    clean coal technology
    fundamental research
    combustion
    cząstka
    technologie czystego węgla
    badania podstawowe
    spalanie
    Opis:
    Studies focused on single fuel particles are designed to provide direct and unbiased information regarding the combustion process. The resulting data is primarily used to create and/or validate mathematical theories and models of the combustion process. The use of a single coal particle as a research object was first initiated over 40 years ago and nowadays is still one of the most important stages in a number of fundamental coal research techniques. Such experiments are especially important in the context of modern concepts that are now under development for new, sustainable and environmentally neutral coal processing technologies. Article summarizes a broad spectrum of research methodologies, which were created in the recent history of single coal particle studies and motivated by the need to develop knowledge for new, clean coal technologies. The purpose of the experiments presented herein was to find the most comprehensive examination of the processes, where coal particles undergo changes at high temperatures. This objective in the case of coal combustion technology generally boils down to the characterization of particle ignition phenomenon and substages of particle combustion. However, recent data presented by different research groups is still not always in agreement even when describing the same investigated issue. These differences often result from the shortcomings of the study methodology itself, which our article also attempts to highlight and analyze.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Sustainable Mining; 2013, 12, 3; 17-31
    2300-1364
    2300-3960
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Sustainable Mining
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ruch cząstki w złożu monodyspersyjnym w aparacie bębnowym
    The movement of individual particle in a monodisperse bed of drum apparatus
    Autorzy:
    Skoczkowska, K.
    Malek, K.
    Ulbrich, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073061.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
    Tematy:
    aparat bębnowy
    złoże monodyspersyjne
    ruch pojedyńczej cząstki
    PIV
    rotary drum
    monodisperse bed
    single particle movement
    Opis:
    Badania miały na celu określenie ruchu wybranych, pojedynczych cząstek w złożu ziarnistym w czasie obrotów aparatu bębnowego. Głównym elementem stanowiska badawczego był transparentny, obrotowy bęben o średnicy 700 mm. Badania przeprowadzono dla szklanych, cząstek kulistych. Dokonano analizy ruchu pięciu cząstek o różnym położeniu początkowym przy stałej prędkości obrotowej: 20, 40, 60 obr/min. Do rejestracji ruchu złoża zastosowano szybko-klatkową kamerę cyfrową oraz program DPIV. Analiza trajektorii ruchu oznaczonych cząstek umożliwiła lepsze poznanie procesów zachodzących w aparatach bębnowych.
    The study aimed to determine the movement of selected individual particles in a granular bed during drum rotation. A transparent, rotating drum with a diameter of 700 mm was the main element of test stand. The research was carried out for glass, spherical particles. Analysis was performed for the movement of five particles with different initial position at constant rotational velocity: 20, 40, 60 rpm. In order to record the bed movement the fast-speed camera and DPIV program were used. Analysis of trajectories of labeled particles allowed the better understanding of processes occurring in rotary drums.
    Źródło:
    Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna; 2016, 2; 76--77
    0368-0827
    Pojawia się w:
    Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Simulation of single grain cutting using SPH method
    Autorzy:
    Ruttimann, N.
    Buhl, S.
    Wegener, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/100039.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Wrocławska Rada Federacji Stowarzyszeń Naukowo-Technicznych
    Tematy:
    single grain cutting
    engineered grinding tools
    smooth particle hydrodynamics
    Opis:
    So-called Engineered Grinding Tools (EGT) have been developed in order to satisfy the industry's demand for more efficient and cost-effective grinding tools, which differ from classic grinding tools by placing and brazing single abrasive grains in a predefined pattern onto the grinding tool body. Single grain cutting simulations form an important part towards an advanced understanding of the engineered grinding process. Cutting simulations with FE Methods encounter problems arising from large deformation and material separation. These can be overcome using meshless methods. In this work, a Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Method is used to model the single diamond grain cutting, which can be used as the basis process for physical simulation of the grinding process. As results the influence of the grain geometry, grain orientation and grain placement on the cutting forces, the burr generation and the chip removal rate are presented. It is shown that the cutting forces for a given grain geometry as well as the burr generation are heavily influenced by the orientation of the minor and the main cutting faces. Also cutting in material being work hardened by preceding grains, is simulated in order to be able to synthesize the grinding process from single grain cutting.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Machine Engineering; 2010, 10, 3; 17-29
    1895-7595
    2391-8071
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Machine Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Parameter estimation of photovoltaic module relied on golden jackal optimization
    Autorzy:
    Nguyen, Thuan Thanh
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27309949.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    golden jackal optimization
    henry gas solubility optimization
    particle swarm optimization
    PV parameter estimation
    single diode model
    Opis:
    Due to the nonlinear current-voltage (I-V) relationship of the photovoltaic (PV) module, building a precise mathematical model of the PV module is necessary for evaluating and optimizing the PV systems. This paper proposes a method of building PV parameter estimation models based on golden jackal optimization (GJO). GJO is a recently developed algorithm inspired by the idea of the hunting behavior of golden jackals. The explored and exploited searching strategies of GJO are built based on searching for prey as well as harassing and grabbing prey of golden jackals. The performance of GJO is considered on the commercial KC200GT module under various levels of irradiance and temperature. Its performance is compared to well-known particle swarm optimization (PSO), recent Henry gas solubility optimization (HGSO) and some previous methods. The obtained results show that GJO can estimate unknown PV parameters with high precision. Furthermore, GJO can also provide better efficiency than PSO and HGSO in terms of statistical results over several runs. Thus, GJO can be a reliable algorithm for the PV parameter estimation problem under different environmental conditions.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2023, 72, 4; 987--1003
    1427-4221
    2300-2506
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Electrical Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ jedno i dwuetapowego procesu zgniatania ziarna na jakość śruty
    Effect of single- and two-stage grain crushing process on the quality of bruesed grain
    Autorzy:
    Romański, L.
    Stopa, R.
    Niemiec, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/292140.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Rolniczej
    Tematy:
    ziarno zbóż
    zgniatanie
    proces jednoetapowy
    proces dwuetapowy
    wielkość cząstek
    frakcja pylista
    cereal grain
    crushing
    single process
    two stage process
    particle size
    dust fraction
    Opis:
    W pracy zaprezentowano wyniki badań porównawczych zgniatania ziarna w gniotowniku. Proces rozdrabniania realizowano w cyklu jedno i dwuetapowym. Analizie poddano skład granulometryczny śruty ziarna pszenicy, średnią geometryczną wielkość cząstek, oraz ilość pylistej. Stwierdzono, że w wyniku rozdrabniania dwuetapowego skład śruty jest bardziej wyrównany. Także, korzystniej kształtuje się geometryczna średnia ważona wielkość cząsteczek. Przykładowo po zgniataniu jednoetapowym, dla szczeliny roboczej 0,4 mm, wynosiła 1,4 mm, podczas gdy po dwuetapowym tylko 1,28 mm. Konsekwencją procesu dwuetapowego jest nieznaczny wzrost ilości frakcji pylistej śruty. W procesie jednoetapowym (b=0,4mm) wynosi ona 18,2% a w dwuetapowym (0,8/0,4 mm) 22,6%.
    Paper presented the results of comparative studies dealing with crushing of grain in a crushing mill. Crushing process was realized in single-stage and two-stages cycles. Granulometric composition of bruised wheat grain, geometrical mean of particle size and the quantity of dusty fraction were analyzed. The results showed that the two-stage crushing ensured more uniform composition of ground grain. Also better geometrical weigheted mean of particle size was obtained: e.i., at the working gap clearance 0.4 mm the mean value amounted 1.4 mm for single-stage, and just 1.28 mm for two stage crushing. Slight increase of dusty fraction content in bruised grain was the consequence of two–stages crushing: at single-stage process (b=0.4 mm) it was 18.2 % while at two-stage process (0.8/0.4 mm) 22.6%.
    Źródło:
    Inżynieria Rolnicza; 2005, R. 9, nr 11, 11; 423-430
    1429-7264
    Pojawia się w:
    Inżynieria Rolnicza
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Assessment of two condensation particle counters (CPCs) in photometric mode for high concentration exhaust emission measurements
    Autorzy:
    Giechaskiel, Barouch
    Melas, Anastasios
    Mamakos, Athanasios
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202487.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    PEMS
    PTI
    CPC
    PNC
    portable emission measurement system
    periodic technical inspection
    condensation particle counter
    particle number counter
    single counting mode
    photometric mode
    przenośne systemy pomiaru emisji
    okresowe badania techniczne
    kondensacyjny analizator cząstek stałych
    licznik cząstek stałych
    tryb pojedynczego zliczania
    tryb fotometryczny
    Opis:
    Condensation particle counters (CPCs) use light scattering to count particles after they have grown to micron size in a supersaturated environment. In single counting mode each particle is counted depending on whether the scattered light exceeds a threshold value or not. In photometric mode the total scattered light is converted in particle number concentration. While for laboratory grade particle number systems, CPCs are allowed to operate only in single counting mode, there is no such requirements for portable emissions measurements systems (PEMS) for real-driving emissions (RDE) testing or for instruments for periodic technical inspection (PTI) of vehicles. In this study two CPCs of the same model were assessed in single counting and photometric modes with silver and graphite particles with sizes ranging from 10 nm to 100 nm. The results showed that the concentration was measured accurately enough for particles in the 25 nm to 50 nm size range, but was underestimated and overestimated for smaller and larger particles, respectively. The key message is that the photometric mode should be avoided or calibrated in function of concentration and particle size.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2023, 62, 2; 15--23
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Power quality management in electrical grid using SCANN controller-based UPQC
    Autorzy:
    Varadharajan, Balaji
    Subramanian, Chitra
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173547.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    SCANN
    single comprehensive artificial neural network
    UPQC
    unified power quality conditioner
    total harmonic distortion
    particle swarm optimization
    POS
    sztuczna sieć neuronowa pojedyncza kompleksowa
    zunifikowany kondycjoner jakości energii
    współczynnik zawartości harmonicznych
    optymalizacja roju cząstek
    PSO
    Opis:
    The electrical grid integration takes great attention because of the increasing population in the nonlinear load connected to the power distribution system. This manuscript deals with the power quality issues and mitigations associated with the electrical grid. The proposed single comprehensive artificial neural network (SCANN) controller with unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is modelled in MATLAB Simulink environment. It provides series and shunt compensation that helps mitigate voltage and current distortion at the end of the distribution system. Initially, four proportional integral (PI) controllers are used to control the UPQC. Later the trained SCANN controller replaces four PI Controllers for better control action. PI and SCANN controllers’ simulation results are compared to find the optimal solutions. A prototype model of SCANN controller is constructed and tested. The test results show that the SCANN based UPQC maintains grid voltage and current magnitude within permissible limits under fluctuating conditions.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2022, 70, 1; e140257, 1--9
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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