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Tytuł:
The optimal power control method in multiuser cellular networks
Autorzy:
Yaremko, O.
Stryhalyuk, B.
Maksymyuk, T.
Lavriv, O.
Kozhurov, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/411155.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Oddział w Lublinie PAN
Tematy:
WCDMA
MIMO
power control policy
signal-to-noise ratio
traffic localization
Opis:
In this paper a method of power control policies optimization in radiointerface of mobile network with code-division multiplexing is proposed. It allows reducing the interference level in downlink and uplink channels. The optimum SNR is provided in the cell based on this power control method. The SNR is enough to ensure capacity requirements and service quality parameters.
Źródło:
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes; 2013, 2, 1; 63-67
2084-5715
Pojawia się w:
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of a high-speed hybrid OAM-OFDM-MDM multiplexed coherent FSO system under desert conditions
Autorzy:
Sinha, Shivaji
Kumar, Chakresh
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27310107.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
atmospheric attenuation
bit error rate
BER
orbital angular momentum
OAM
optical signal-to-noise ratio
OSNR
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
OFDM
quadrature amplitude modulation
QAM
transmission range
Opis:
To meet the needs of future wireless optical networks, this paper introduces a high-speed, hybrid multiplexed, coherent free-space optical (FSO) communication system that integrates an orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexed signal with an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique. Two independent QAM polarized beams, each carrying in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) phase 16-QAM-OFDM modulated data, are combined using mode division multiplexing (MDM) to increase the capacity of the proposed system. The reason of choosing OFDM is its capability to support higher data rate, and mitigating intersymbol interference (ISI). The signal is detected using a coherent detection-based digital signal processing (DSP) algorithm at the receiver end. The proposed hybrid FSO system is evaluated in low and heavy dust environments using bit error rate (BER), link distance, optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR), and received optical power performance matrices. The simulation results demonstrate the successful transmission of a 120 Gb/s single carrier over the longest link ranges of 1.5 and 0.40 km, respectively, under low and heavy dust weather environments below the signal degradation threshold value (forward error correction (FEC) limit) of BER 2.2 × 10–3 in strong turbulent conditions.
Źródło:
Optica Applicata; 2023, 53, 3; 431--445
0078-5466
1899-7015
Pojawia się w:
Optica Applicata
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Noise effect on parameters of quiet sonar with code modulation
Autorzy:
Salamon, Roman
Marszal, Jacek
Jedel, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201997.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Poznańska. Instytut Mechaniki Stosowanej
Tematy:
silent sonar
maximum length sequence
signal-to-noise ratio
frequency modulation
cichy sonar
sekwencje o maksymalnej długości
stosunek sygnału do szumu
modulacja częstotliwości
Opis:
Earlier publications of the paper authors have shown that the use of code keying mixed with the CW FM sound signal allows the significant reduction in the distance measurement error, compared to classic silent CW FM sonar. In addition to the code modulation parameters, the magnitude of this error is influenced by the received input acoustic noise. The article shows the dependence of the input signal-to-noise ratio and the sound signal parameters on the target distance measurement error and the detection conditions, such as the output signal-to-noise ratio and the side lobe level. The results of the analysis were compared to the same parameters of the CW FM silent sonar without code modulation.
Źródło:
Vibrations in Physical Systems; 2023, 34, 1; art. no. 2023109
0860-6897
Pojawia się w:
Vibrations in Physical Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Using stealth technologies in mobile robotic complexes and methods of detection of low-sighted objects
Wykorzystanie technologii stealth w mobilnych zespołach robotycznychoraz metody wykrywania niewidocznych obiektów
Autorzy:
Rudyk, Andrii
Semenov, Andriy
Semenova, Olena
Kakovkin, Sergey
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2033294.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Lubelska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Lubelskiej
Tematy:
stealth technologies
mobile robotic complex
low-observable object
radar station
detection methods
signal-to-noise ratio
technologia stealth
mobilny kompleks robotów
obiekt niepozorny
stacja radiolokacyjna
metody detekcji
stosunek sygnału do szumu
Opis:
The paper outlines the latest technologies used by the world's leading manufacturers in the development of mobile low-observable robotic systems and promising measures to improve the quality of components and design of such objects. Methods of detecting objects using stealth technologies are considered, and it is shown that only due to a system approach it is possible to compensate for the reduction of the effective scattering surface of low-observable objects by technical means of radar stations. It is shown that the main method of increasing the range to the radio horizont is the use of an air-based radar. Methods of detecting objects on the traces of their interaction with the environment are promising for organization of cooperation of several radars in the detection of low-observable objects.
W artykule przedstawiono najnowsze technologie stosowane przez wiodących światowych producentów w rozwoju mobilnych systemów robotycznych o niskiej obserwowalności oraz obiecujące działania mające na celu poprawę jakości komponentów i konstrukcji takich obiektów. Rozważono metody wykrywania obiektów wykorzystujące technologie stealth i wykazano, że tylko dzięki podejściu systemowemu możliwa jest kompensacja zmniejszenia efektywnej powierzchni rozpraszania obiektów słabo obserwowalnych przez stacje radarowe. Wykazano, że główną metodą zwiększenia zasięgu do poziomu radiowego jest użycie radaru lotniczego. Metody wykrywania obiektów na podstawie śladów ich interakcji z otoczeniem są obiecujące w wykrywaniu obiektów słabo obserwowalnych przy współpracy kilku radarów.
Źródło:
Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska; 2021, 11, 3; 4-8
2083-0157
2391-6761
Pojawia się w:
Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relationship Between Chinese Speech Intelligibility of Elderly and Speech Transmission Index
Autorzy:
Peng, Jianxin
Zeng, Jiazhong
Zhao, Yuezhe
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1953494.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
speech intelligibility
speech transmission index
signal-to-noise ratio
background noise level
speech sound pressure level
reverberation time
Opis:
In this paper, the relationship between Chinese speech intelligibility (CSI) scores of the elderly aged 60-69 and over 70 years old, and speech transmission index (STI) were investigated through the auralization method under different reverberation time and background noise levels (BNL, 40 dBA and 55 dBA). The results show that the CSI scores of the elderly are significantly worse than those of young adults. For the elderly over 70, the CSI scores become much lower than those of young adults. To be able to achieve the same CSI, the elderly, especially those over 70, need much higher STI and greater SNR than the young. The elderly aged 60-69 and over 70 need to improve their STI by 0.419 and 0.058 respectively under BNL 40 dBA, as well as 0.282 and 0.072 respectively under BNL 55 dBA, so as to obtain the same CSI scores as the young adults.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2021, 46, 2; 229-235
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chinese Syllable and Phoneme Identification in Noise and Reverberation
Autorzy:
Peng, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/178038.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
syllable identification
phoneme identification
noise
reverberation time
signal-to-noise ratio
Opis:
Chinese is a tonal language, which differentiates it from non-tonal languages in the Western countries. A Chinese character consists of an initial, a final, and a tone. In the present study, the effects of noise and reverberation on the Chinese syllable, initial, final, and tone identification in rooms were investigated by using simulated binaural impulse responses through auralization method. The results show that the syllable identification score is the lowest, the tone identification score is the highest, and the initial iden- tification scores are lower than those of the final identification under the same reverberation time and signal-to-noise ratio condition. The Chinese syllable, initial, and final identification scores increase with the increase of signal-to-noise ratio and decrease of the reverberation time. The noise and reverberation have insignificant effects on the Chinese tone identification scores under most room acoustical environ- ments. The statistical relationship between the Chinese syllable articulation and phoneme articulation had been experimentally proved under different noise and reverberation conditions in simulated rooms.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2014, 39, 4; 483-488
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chinese Word Identification and Sentence Intelligibility in Primary School Classrooms
Autorzy:
Peng, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177322.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
speech identification
reverberation time
signal-to-noise ratio
classroom
speech transmission index
children
Opis:
The Chinese word identification and sentence intelligibility are evaluated by grades 3 and 5 students in the classrooms with different reverberation times (RTs) from three primary school under different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). The relationships between subjective word identification and sentence intelligibility scores and speech transmission index (STI) are analyzed. The results show that both Chinese word identification and sentence intelligibility scores for grades 3 and 5 students in the classroom increased with the increase of SNR (and STI), increased with the increase of the age of students, and decreased with the increase of RT. To achieve a 99% sentence intelligibility score, the STIs required for grades 3, grade 5 students, and adults are 0.71, 0.61, and 0.51, respectively. The required objective acoustical index determined by a certain threshold of the word identification test might be underestimated for younger children (grade 3 students) in classroom but overestimated for adults. A method based on the sentence test is more useful for speech intelligibility evaluation in classrooms than that based on the word test for different age groups. Younger children need more favorable classroom acoustical environment with a higher STI than older children and adults to achieve the optimum speech communication in the classroom.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2016, 41, 2; 213-219
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of SHIFTZCC codes for Optical CDMA system
Autorzy:
Panda, Satyasen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178705.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
cross correlation (CC)
multiple access interference (MAI)
optical code division multiple access (OCDMA)
shift zero cross correlation code (SHIFTZCC) and signal to noise ratio (SNR)
spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA)
Opis:
In this paper, we propose a novel SAC-OCDMA code called Shift Zero Cross Correlation (SHIFTZCC) code with zero cross correlation property to minimize the Multiple Access Interface (MAI), to be more scalable and secure compared to the other existing SAC-OCDMA codes. This SHIFTZCC code is constructed using address segment and data segment. In this work, the proposed SHIFTZCC code is implemented in an optical network using the Opti-System software for the spectral amplitude coded optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) scheme. The chief advantage of the proposed SHIFTZCC code is the zero cross correlation property, which reduces both the MAI and other noises improving the system performance. The proposed SHIFTZCC code provides flexibility in selecting the code parameters, supports a large number of users with higher data rate and longer fiber length. Simulation results prove that the optical code division multiple access system based on the proposed SHIFTZCC code supports maximum number of simultaneous users with higher transmission rate, lower bit error rates (BER) and longer travelling distance without any signal quality degradation, as compared to the former existing SAC-OCDMA codes.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 67, 2; 365-389
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analytical review and study on multipath routing protocols
Autorzy:
More, Shivaprasad
Naik, Udaykumar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050101.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
multipath routing protocol
Peak Signal to Noise Ratio
geographic routing protocol
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
proactive routing protocol
Opis:
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) constitute a promising technology for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). VANET are highly dynamic in their nature because of the movements of vehicles, which are acting as nodes. The routing protocol must be designed for dealing with multiple limiting conditions, like link failures, handoffs, and long congestion periods, which is very challenging. The survey of different routing protocols in VANET provides a significant information for building smart ITS. Accordingly, the present survey is devoted to the existing distinct multipath routing protocols. This review article provides a detailed account on 50 research papers, presenting the different kinds of multipath routing protocols, namely proactive routing protocols, ad-hoc-based routing protocols, Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR), hybrid routing protocols, as well as geographic routing protocols. Besides the classification and cursory description, the present study addresses also several of the important parameters, like evaluation metrics, implementation tool, publication year, datasets utilized, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), and packet end-to-end delay with respect to various techniques considered. Eventually, the research gaps and issues of various multipath routing protocols are presented with the intention of pointing out directions for future research.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2020, 49, 4; 369-391
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
NEW THROUGHPUT OPTIONS IN 802.11AX STANDARD
Nowe opcje przepływności w standardzie 802.11ax
Autorzy:
Masiukiewicz, Antoni
Piórczyński, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/439811.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademia Finansów i Biznesu Vistula
Tematy:
throughput, 802.11ax standard
signal to noise and interference ratio
przepustowość standard 802.11ax
stosunek sygnał do szumu i zakłóceń
Opis:
The throughput offered in the 802.11 standard are now similar to those offered in wired solutions. The newly developed 802.11ax standard also offers new operation opportunities in an environment with high density of users. The author, using the theoretical dependencies and the ns-3.27 version of the NS simulator, compared the throughput in the 802.11n / ac / ax standards and determined the throughput for selected configurations of the radio channel parameters. The throughput of 802.11ax is usually higher then in older standards however there are some exceptions.
Przepustowość oferowana w standardzie 802.11 jest obecnie podobna do przepustowości oferowanej w rozwiązaniach przewodowych. Nowo opracowany standard 802.11ax oferuje także nowe możliwości działania w środowisku o dużej gęstości użytkowników. Autor, wykorzystując teoretyczne zależności i wersję ns-3.27 symulatora NS, porównał przepustowość w standardach 802.11n / ac / ax i określił przepustowość dla wybranych konfiguracji parametrów kanału radiowego. Przepustowość 802.11ax jest zwykle wyższa niż w starszych standardach, jednak są pewne wyjątki.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Naukowy Uczelni Vistula; 2019, 3(61); 43-56
2084-4689
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Naukowy Uczelni Vistula
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sampling Jitter in Audio A/D Converters
Autorzy:
Kulka, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177046.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
analog-to-digital converter
ADC
successive approximation register (SAR)
sigma-delta ADC
sample-and-hold circuit
DT sigma delta modulator
CT sigma delta modulator
time jitter
aperture jitter
clock jitter
periodic clock jitter
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
Opis:
This paper provides an overview of the effects of timing jitter in audio sampling analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), i.e. PCM (conventional or Nyquist sampling) ADCs and sigma-delta (ΣΔ) ADCs. Jitter in a digital audio is often defined as short- term fluctuations of the sampling instants of a digital signal from their ideal positions in time. The influence of the jitter increases particularly with the improvements in both resolution and sampling rate of today’s audio ADCs. At higher frequencies of the input signals the sampling jitter becomes a dominant factor in limiting the ADCs performance in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and dynamic range (DR).
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2011, 36, 4; 831-849
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Development of Iteration Method for Optimization of Pair "Signal-filter"
Autorzy:
Koshevyy, V.M.
Gorishna, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116953.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
iteration method for optimization
iteration method
method for optimization
Matlab
radar signals
signal-to-noise ratio
signal processing
pair signal-filter
Opis:
This paper is devoted to the improvement of the working methods of the "signal-filter" pair using an iterative procedure to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio, namely, to highlight the useful signals to provide information about the environment during the adaptive radar sensing in the conditions of obstacles. An algorithm for determining the optimal filter for suppressing undesired side lobes is proposed, which allows improving the process of detection and identification the target objects. Qualitative characteristics and the stages of space-time signal processing in the radar were justified under correlation conditions (ССF) between the received and expected signals. The using of probing radar signals, shortened in their duration were proposed in order to reduce the power of reflections from the underlying surface and increase the contrast of the radar image. A simulation test of the developed methodology was carried out in order to confirm the reliability of the proposed algebraic expressions using a mathematical model implemented in the Matlab programming environment, and a conclusion is drawn about the practical quality of the technical solutions developed on the basis of the iteration method.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2018, 12, 3; 541-544
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sensor Hop-based Energy Efficient Networking Approach for Routing in Underwater Acoustic Communication
Autorzy:
Kohli, S.
Bhattacharya, P. P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/309397.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
attenuation
clustering
multi-hop routing
signal-to-noise ratio
transmission loss
Opis:
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks are deployed to explore the world under the water, measure different parameters and communicate the data to the surface, in the widespread applications. The main operating technology of these networks is the acoustic communication. The communication among the sensors and finally to the surface station requires a routing protocol. The sensors being battery limited and unfeasible to be replaced under the water requires an energy efficient routing protocol. Clustering imparted in routing is an energy saving technique in sensor networks. The routing may involve single or multi hop communication in the sensor networks. The paper gives a comparative study of the benchmark protocol multi-hop LEACH with the proposed Sensor Hop-based Energy Efficient Networking Approach (SHEENA) for the shallow as well as deep water in three dimensional Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks. The network energy model for the Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks is based among the different acoustic channel characteristics. The proposed approach is found to give better response.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2017, 1; 44-49
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Low-noise Wideband Circuit for Closed-loop RF CNT-NEMS Sensors
Autorzy:
Kauth, C.
Pastre, M.
Kayal, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/397979.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Politechnika Łódzka. Wydział Mikroelektroniki i Informatyki
Tematy:
stosunek sygnału do szumu
detekcja sygnałów
współczynnik szumu
wzmacniacze niskoszumowe
szerokie pasmo
piezooporność
system nanoelektromechaniczny
oscylator
signal-to-noise ratio
signal detection
noise figure
low-noise amplifiers
wideband
piezoresistance
nanoelectromechanical systems
oscillators
Opis:
Hybrid NEMS interfaces are the key to systems combining the benefits of highly sensitive miniaturized mechanical sensors with the vast functionalities available in electronics. In this context, a phase-locked loop, locking on a suspended resonating carbon nanotube NEMS, is implemented and characterized, able to start, track, amplify and sustain NEMS oscillation up to 100MHz in a sensing environment. Detection of the signals out of the NEMS has been found most challenging and diverse RF front-ends meant for interfacing high-impedance carbon nanotube based NEMS are analyzed. Given the feeble signals from the NEMS, their high output impedance and non-negligible interconnect parasitics, front-end design must imperatively focus on minimal noise figure. Limits on minimal detectable signal are extracted via design, simulation and characterization of a 3-stage common-emitter front-end.
Źródło:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science; 2012, 3, 2; 67-72
2080-8755
2353-9607
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Microelectronics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effects of the Noise and Reverberation on the Working Memory Span of Children
Autorzy:
Jianxin, P.
Peng, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/176546.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
reverberation time
signal-to-noise ratio
working memory span
children
Opis:
Three different reverberation time (RT) conditions were obtained by room acoustical simulation. The working memory span of grades 3 (8 to 9 years old) and 6 children (11 to 12 years old) was tested under these reverberation conditions with different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by headphone reproduction in a quiet classroom. The working memory span scores (WMSSs) were obtained under the different RTs and SNRs conditions. The results demonstrated that children’s age, RT and SNR had significant effect on children’s WMSSs. With the increase of SNR and the decrease of RT, the WMSSs increased gradually. Under the same SNR and RT condition, the children’s WMSSs were increased with the increase of their age. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that children’s WMSSs are related to age, RT and SNR, and the correlation coefficient is 0.99.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2018, 43, 1; 123-128
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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